신원 은닉을 위한 두뇌 영상의 무손실 변경

이효종,Lee, Hyo-Jong,Yu, Du Ruo 한국정보처리학회 2011 정보처리학회논문지B Vol.18 No.6

디지털 형태로 저장된 의료정보가 네트워크를 통하여 제약 없이 전송될 수 있게 되면서, 환자의 개인정보 관리는 의료 업계에서 중요한 주제로 부각되었다. 현재 두뇌 영상의 의료정보를 보호하는 방법은 환자의 신원을 은닉시키기 위하여 얼굴을 절삭하는 것이다. 그러나 절삭 과정에서 간혹 중요한 두뇌 조직부가 함께 절단되어 탈면 두뇌 영상은 의료 용도로 활용될 수 없게 손상을 입게 된다. 실린더 모양의 마스크를 덧붙임으로써 두뇌 영상의 중요한 모든 정보를 유지하면서 환자의 신원 정보를 은닉시키는 직접적인 방법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 두뇌 영상의 무손실 변경 방법은 중요한 영상정보가 손상되지 않음을 확인하였다. 또한 마스크로 입혀진 두뇌영상의 신원을 확인할 수 없는 사실도 증명되었다. Patients' privacy protection is a heated issue in medical business, as medical information in digital format transmit everywhere through networks without any limitation. A current protection method for brain images is to deface from the brain image for patient's privacy. However, the defacing process often removes important brain voxels so that the defaced brain image is damaged for medical analysis. An ad-hoc method is proposed to conceal patient's identification by adding cylindrical mask, while the brain keep all important brain voxels. The proposed lossless deformation of brain image is verified not to loose any important voxels. Futhermore, the masked brain image is proved not to be recognized by others.

생쥐 수정란의 분할조작후 생존성 향상에 관한 연구

이효종,박희성,김택석,최상용,박충생,Lee, Hyo-jong,Park, Hee-sung,Kim, Taeg-seog,Choe, Sang-yong,Park, Choong-saeng 대한수의학회 1989 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

Demi-embryos were successfully produced by bisection of ICR mouse embryos at preimplantation stages. They were microsurgically bisected using a microsurgical blade attached to a micromanipulator after pretreatment with 0.5% pronase in PBS for two minutes or not. Embryos with softened zona pellucida were more easily bisected and less damaged than intact embryos. The highest success rate in bisection has been achieved by selecting blastocysts(94.1% in success rate with intact blastocysts and 100% in success rate with zona softened blastocysts). Demi-embryos without zona pellucida were cultured in D-PBS or M-16 medium at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 72 hours for 2-cell stage embryos, 48 hours for 4-to 8-cell stage embryos, 24 hours for morula stage embryos and 6~12 hours for blastocyst stage embryos. For the in vitro culture of 2-cell stage embryos, $100{\mu}M$ 2Na-EDTA was added to the media. M-16 medium was better for the in vitro development of mouse embryos than PBS, and PBS is not considered to be suitable for long-term culture of embryos, especially at early stage of cleavage. In M-16 medium, developing rate of demi-embryos of which pair underwent development to form eublastocysts was 15.8% at 2-cell stage, 16.8% at 4-cell stage, 38% at 8-cell stage, 89.6% at morula stage and 94.4% at blastocyst stage, respectively. The more rapid and efficient production of demi-embryos and higher viability after bisection can be expected by softening zona pellucida with pronase and by selecting morulae or blastocysts rather than embryos at early stage of cleavage.

미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : III. DNA 함량, 단백질 함량 및 자궁의 중량에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1987 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

The present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen in immature rat uterus. The content of DNA and protein and uterine wet weight were measured after the injections of $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both, or vehicle only subcutaneously. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. DNA content in uterus was increased at 48 hours after estradiol-$17{\beta}$ or tamoxifen injection (p<0.01). 2. The increament rate of uterine DNA content was significantly (p<0.01) lower in tamoxifen treated group than that in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ treated group. 3. Antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen on protein content in uterus was apparent at 72 hours after simultaneous administration of both drugs. 4. The uterine wet weight was started to increase at three hours after the injection of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ or tamoxifen. 5. While estradiol-$17{\beta}$ increased steadily uterine wet weight up to 138.5mg at 72 hours after the injection, but tamoxifen failed to increase it after 48 hours. Tamoxifen inhibited significantly (p<0.01) the effect of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ on it thereafter.

신경망을 이용한 운행차량의 차종인식 연구

이효종,Lee, Hyo-Jong 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.42 No.4

The number of vehicles are rapidly increased as modern industrialization is developed worldwide. Vehicle recognition has been studied for a while because mmy People acknowledged it has critical functions to solve the problems of traffic control or vehicle-related crimes. In this paper a novel method is proposed to recognize vehicles' model corresponding makers in order to increase the efficiency of recognition. Texture features are computed from the frontal image of vehicles. A three-layer neural network was built and trained with the texture features for recognition. The proposed method shows 95$\%$ recognition rate for moving vehicles' models. 산업화가 활발히 이루어지면서 자동차의 수요도 세계적으로 급증하고 있다. 교통제어나 차량에 연관된 범죄 등에서 자동차의 인식에 관한 연구의 중요성 때문에 이에 관련된 연구는 오래 전부터 수행되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 이동차량의 인식 효율성을 높이기 위하여 제조회사별 차종을 인식하는 혁신적인 방법을 제시한다. 차종의 인식은 질감을 이용하여 인식하였다. 차량의 전면부는 모델별로 다르다는데 착안하여 운행차량의 전면부 영역에서 질감을 추출하였다. 획득한 질감 특징을 차종별로 3중신 경망에 학습을 시킨 후 인식을 시도하였다. 제안 알고리즘에서 차종의 인식은 95$\%$로 양호하게 나타났다.

미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : II. Ribonucleic Acid 및 단백질 합성능력에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1986 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen on RNA and protein synthesis in uteri of immature rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups and injected with $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both, or vehicle only subcutaneously three times with an interval of 24 hours respectively. The specific activities of $^3H$-uridine incorporation into uterine RNA and those of $^3H$-leucine incorporation into uterine protein were measured before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the above treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Tamoxifen itself increased RNA synthesis an hour after treatment(169.18% of control), but it's specific activity was reduced to control level after 3 hours. Tamoxifen inhibited significantly (p<0.01) the activity of RNA synthesis of estradiol-$17{\beta}$. 2. The increasing rate of protein synthesis was lower in tamoxifen treated group than that in estradiol-$17{\beta}$ treated group. While the rate was steadily increased up to 357.4% of control by estradiol-$17{\beta}$ in 72 hours, tamoxifen itself failed to increase the rate after 24 hours and significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the activity of estradiol-$17{\beta}$(-167.4%).

미성숙 쥐 자궁에서 Tamoxifen의 Antiestrogen 효과에 관한 연구 : I. 세포질 내 및 핵 내 Estradiol 수용체 농도의 변화에 관하여

이효종,조충호,박무현,Lee, Hyo-jong,Jo, Choong-ho,Park, Moo-hyun 대한수의학회 1985 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

The Present study has been carried out to elucidate the antiestrogenic effects of tamoxifen in uteri of immature rats. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4, groups and injected with $5{\mu}g$ of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, $50{\mu}g$ of tamoxifen, a combination of both or vehicle only subcutaneously three times after an interval of 24 hours respectively. The concentrations, of cytosol estradiol receptor in uterus were measured by DCC method before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the above treatments and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours and those of nuclear estradiol were measured by protamine exchange method 72 hours after the above treatments. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The binding affinity of tamoxifen to estradiol receptor in uterine cytosol was lower than that of estradiol-$17{\beta}$, accordingly the translocation of estradiol receptor into the nucleus was found to be delayed. 2. Tamoxifen caused the retention of estradiol receptor in nucleus over 24 hours and inhibited the replenishment of the receptor from nucleus to cytosol in uterus.

고속 라우터에 대한 고찰(II)-STC104의 망 구성에 따른 성능분석

이효종,Lee, Hyo-Jong 한국정보처리학회 2001 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.8 No.2

A simulation package has been developed as an event-driven system that can handle the hardware configuration of STC104 and algorithm proposed in the sister paper of ‘Study on High Speed Routers(II).’After various STC104 topology of meshes, torus, and hypercubes are constructed using up to 512 switches, the performance of each topology has been analyzed under different message generation rate in terms of throughputs, latency, and packet blocking time. Modified multicast algorithms for STC104 have been proposed for STC104 after U-mesh and U-torus in order to overcome the multicasting difficulty because of the point-to-point communication method found in STC104. The performance of the multicast algorithms have been analyzed over meshes and torus configuration. Throughput gets higher in the order of mesh, torus, and hypercube. Throughput difference among topology were distinctive in the zone of high message generation rate. Latency and blocking time increased in the order of hypercube, torus, and mesh. U-mesh and U-torus of software multicast showed similar throughput, however, U-mesh peformed slightly better result. These algorithms showed eight to ten times better results compared to individual message pass for 90 destination nodes. Multi-link environment also showed better performance than single-link environment because multi-link network used the extra links for communication.

Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose 및 Dextran 70을 이용한 유착형성 방지에 관한 연구 II. 유착자극후 Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose 및 Dextran 70의 투여가 토끼의 혈액상에 미치는 영향

이효종,최민철,강태영,박충생,Lee Hyo-Jong,Choi Min-Cheol,Kang Tae-Young,Park Choong-Saeng 한국임상수의학회 1993 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The effectiveness of sodium carboxymethylcellulose(SCMC) and dextran 70 in the prevention of adhesion formation in abdominal cavity of rabbits following artificial injuries was elucidated and the effects -of these medicines on blood pictures were also examined. After abrasion treatment on jejunum in gonadotropins primed rabbits, 1, 2 and 3% of SCMC solutions, 6 and 10% dextran 70 solutions and a synthetic solution of 1% SCMC and loft dextran 70 in 0.9% saline solution were infused into the abdominal cavity. Four weeks later the abdominal cavities were reopened under general anesthesia. The synthetic solution showed the highest adhesion reduction rate(100%), while 1% SCMC, 6 and loft dextran solutions showed no significantly evident effect of adhesion prevention. The SCMC solutions showed better adhesion reduction effect than dextran 70 solutions. After infusion of these adhesion preventive medicines, the changes of total leucocytes, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, PCV, plasma fibrinogen and protein contents were examined. No remarkable difference in blood pictures was shown between the synthetic solution and the other medicines. Therefore, it can be suggested that the synthetic solution of 1% SCMC and 10% dextran 70 in 0.9% saline solution at dose of 5$m\ell$/kg of body weight is prominently effective in the prevention of postoperative adhesion formation and wolf be safe in animals and human.

Study on prevention of adhesion formation by use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextran 70 I. Adhesion formation by artificial injuries and its preventive effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dextran 70 in rabbits

이효종,최민철,강태영,박충생,Lee, Hyo-jong,Choi, Min-cheol,Kang, Tae-young,Park, Choong-saeng The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

복강장기의 유착을 방지하기 위하여 토끼의 공장에 인공창상을 일으키고 sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC)와 dextran 70을 단일 혹은 합제로 사용하여 이들의 유착방지 효능을 조사하였고, 아울러 체중의 변화를 조사함으로써 이들을 사용하였을 때 일어날 수 있는 부작용을 검토하였다. 인공창상에 의한 유착형성 유발빈도와 정도를 알아보기 위하여 토끼를 전신마취시킨 다음 개복수술을 시행하여 공장의 장막에 2cm 폭으로 3곳에 abrasion또는 electrocautery를 실시하였던 바, 이러한 인공창상들이 유의성있는 높은 유착형성율(abrasion, 70%; electrocatuery, 72.7%)과 심한 유착정도를 일으켰으며(abrasion, 1.80; electrocatuery, 2.44), 체중의 감소를 가져왔다(abrasion, -2.5%; electrocautery; 9.9%). Abrasion보다는 electrocatuery에 의한 자극이 더욱 심한 유착정도 및 체중감소를 보였으며 심할 경우 폐사를 일으키기도 하였다. 이러한 유착을 효과적으로 방지하기 위하여 1, 2, 3%의 SCMC 및 6, 10%의 dextran 70 용액을 단일 또는 합제를 만들어 abrasion방법으로 공장에 인공창상을 일으킨 토끼의 복강내에 주입하고 수술 4주후에 복강을 열어 유착형성율을 조사하였던 바, 1% SCMC와 10% dextran 70의 합제(Synthetic soln)에서 가장 낮은 유착형성율(0%)을 보여 유착방지 효과가 가장 뚜렸하였다. 아울러 수술 4주일후 체중의 변화도 유의하게 일으키지 아니 하였다. 그러므로 유착방지제로서 synthetic solution을 사용하는 것이 가장 효과적이라고 사려된다.

반복핵이식에 의한 복제동물 생산에 관한 연구 III. 토끼에서 제3세대 복제수정란의 생산

이효종,전병균,윤희준,박충생,최상용,윤창현,강대진,Lee Hyo-jong,Jeon Byeong-gyun,Yin Xi-jun,Park Choong-saeng,Choe Sang-yong,Yun Chang-hyun,Kang Dae-jin 한국임상수의학회 1995 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The recycling nuclear transplantation(NT) technique has the powerful potential of producing a large number of genetically identical embryos and offsprings from one embryo. Multiple generational cloning by this technique utilizes the NT embryo itself as the donor for the next generation of cloning. In this experiment, we have produced the third generational cloned embryos by recycling NT. Further we examined comparatively the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the cloned embryos of the first second and third generations. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulberco's phosphate buffered saline containing 10 % fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. In the first generation NT, the nuclear donor embryos were synchronized in the phase of Gl/S transition of 32-cell stage. The first and second generation NT embryos developed to 16-cell were used as donor nuclei for second and third generation. The recipient cytoplasms were utilized the oocytes collected at 14 hours after hCG injection, following revoming the nucleus and the first polar body by micromanipulation. The separated blastomeres were injected into the enucleated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were fused by electrical stimulation. The electrofusion rate was seen to be 78.0, 88.0 and 90.3 % in the first second and third generation NT rabbit embryos, respectively. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in M-199 solution containing 10 % FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The in vitro developmental potential to blastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) decreased in the third(7.2 %) generation NT embryos compared to the first(53.1 %) and second(16.1 %) generation NT embryos. Following in vitro development to blastocyst stage, they were stained with Hoechst 33342 dye for counting the number of blastomeres by fluorescence microscopy. The mean blastomere numbers and cell cycle numbers of NT embryos during the culture period were significantly(p<0.05) decreased in the second(93.9 cells and 6.55 cylces) and third(81.5 cells and 1.35 cylces) generation, compared to the first(189.9 cells and 7.55 cylces) generation.