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집속 아르곤 이온 레이저 빔을 이용한 레이저 유도 직접 구리 패터닝
이홍규,이경철,안민영,이천,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Kyoung-Cheol,Ahn, Min-Young,Lee, Cheon 한국전기전자재료학회 2000 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11
Laser direct writing of micro-patterned copper lines has been achieved by pyrolytic decomposition of copper formate films (Cu(HCOO)$_2$.4$H_2O$), as a metallo-organic precursor, using a focused CW Ar$^{+}$ laser beam (λ=514nm) on PCB boards and glass substrates. The linewidth and thickness of the lines wee investigated as a functin of laser power and scan speed. The profiles of the lines were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface profiler ($\alpha$-step) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical resistivities of the patterned lines were also investigated as a function of laser parameters using probe station and semiconductor analyzer. We compared resistivities of the patterned copper lines with these of the Cu bulk. Resistivities decreased due to changes in morphology and porosity of the deposit, which were about 3.8 $\mu$$\Omega$cm and 12$\mu$$\Omega$cm on PCB and glass substrates after annealing at 30$0^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes.s.
로보트 시스템의 동력학적 제한 조건과 가변구조 제어 파라메타의 상관관계에 관한 연구
이홍규,이범희,최계근,Lee, Hong-Kyu,Lee, Bum-Hee,Choi, Keh-Kun 대한전자공학회 1989 전자공학회논문지 Vol. No.
가변구조 제어방법을 이용하여 로보트 시스템을 제어하는데 있어서 현재까지는 가변구조 제어 파라메타에 대한 정확한 분석없이 슬라이딩 모드 존재조건 만을 고려하여 임의의 파라메타를 선정 사용하고 있기 때문에 가변구조 제어 방법의 장점을 최대로 활용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 로보트 시스템 제어에 적용하여 조인트 각과 손의 궤적에 미치는 양향을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 분석된 결과는 가변구조 제어 방법을 이용하여 경로 궤적계획을 하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다. In the control of the robot system using the variable structure control(VSC) method, up to these days the advantage of the VSC method has not been applied effectively because the parameters are selected arbitrarily by the existence condition of sliding mode without a precise analysis about the VSC parameters. This paper reveals the relation between dynamic constraints and the VSC parameters of robot system, and analyzes the effect on the trajectory of the joint angle and the hand when the analytical result of the relation is applied to the robot system control. The result of the analysis in this paper is applied effectively to the path tracking control and the trajectory planning using the VSC method.
재활용을 고려한 HDPE/EVA필름의 전계분포 및 체적저항특성 해석
이홍규,임기조,김용주,Lee, Hung-Kyu,Lim, Kee-Joe,Kim, Yong-Joo 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.21 No.9
Recently, CV, CN-CV and CNCV-W cable are used for HVDC transmission and distribution cable. However, XLPE which is used as insulation layer of power cable has thermosetting properties. It is very difficult to recycling. In this paper, we prepared HDPE/EVA film, which the blending ratio are 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50;50 respectively for the purpose of recycling. Main factor such as electric field distribution and its resistivity in insulation system affected on insulation performance and reliability for HVDC applications. Therefore, electric field distribution formed by space charge and characteristics of volume resistivity was currently investigated. We suggest the possibility of utilization for HVDC insulation layer from the results.
이홍규,은희람,이건호,안강호,Lee, Hong-Ku,Eun, Hee-Ram,Lee, Gun-Ho,Ahn, Kang-Ho 한국입자에어로졸학회 2015 Particle and Aerosol Research Vol.11 No.2
Atmospheric nano-particles along the altitude is one of the main factors causing severe weather phenomena. It is a challenge to find the precise particle size distribution. One useful instrument includes a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). This measures the size distribution of submicron aerosols. The SMPS consists of a condensation particle counter (CPC), differential mobility analyzer (DMA), high voltage power supplier (HVPS), and neutralizer. Due to the many components, it is difficult to install a commercial SMPS into a tethered balloon package system (Eun, 2011). In this study, we customized a SMPS for the tethered balloon package system called Hy-SMPS. It is portable, compact in structure, and evaluated by TSI SMPS using mono and poly-dispersed particles.
유전 알고리즘의 조기수렴 저감을 위한 연산자 소인방법 연구
이홍규,Lee, Hong-Kyu 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.17 No.12
GA (Genetic Algorithms) are efficient for searching for global optima but may have some problems such as premature convergence, convergence to local extremum and divergence. These phenomena are related to the evolutionary operators. As population diversity converges to low value, the search ability of a GA decreases and premature convergence or converging to local extremum may occur but population diversity converges to high value, then genetic algorithm may diverge. To guarantee that genetic algorithms converge to the global optima, the genetic operators should be chosen properly. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the selection operator, crossover operator, and mutation operator on convergence properties, and propose the sweeping method of mutation probability and elitist propagation rate to maintain the diversity of the GA's population for getting out of the premature convergence. Results of simulation studies verify the feasibility of using these sweeping operators to avoid premature convergence and convergence to local extrema.
인체 각질형성세포와 KB 세포에서의 Fas 항체 , IFN - γ , IL - 1α에 의한 apoptosis 유발에 관한 연구
이홍규,황규왕,박영립,김영근,( Hong Kyu Lee,Kyu Uang Whang,Young Lip Park,Young Keun Kim,David A Norris ) 대한피부과학회 1997 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2
Background: The Fas antigen is a cell surface molecule that mediates apoptosis in many cell types. Matsues group indicated that keratinocytes constitutively express the Fas antigen and apoptosis was induced only on pretreatment with interferon-r(IFN-y) in cultured normal human keratinocytes(NHK). Objective : We undertook this study to determine the induction of apoptosis by Fas antibody alone and/or in combination with IFN y, IL-1a in normal human keratinocytes(NHK) and transitional epithelioma cell lines(KB cell) which had lower levels of intracellular IL-1 receptor antago- nists(IL-1ra ). Methods : We used cultured NHK and KB cells. Each cell was treated with IFN-r, IL-la and Fas antibody for induction of apoptosis. For quantifying the apoptosis, index fluorescent DNA- binding dyes were used. Result: Fas antibody alone could induce apoptosis not only in KB cells but also in NHK cells. The combination of Fas antibody and IFN-r enhanced the induction of apoptosis in NHK and KB cells. The IL-la alone could induce apoptosis only in KB cells which had relatively small amounts of IL-1ra compared to NHK. Conclusion : Our result may indicate that Fas antigen in human keratinocytes can regulate normal epidermal cellular differentiation and proliferation. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35(2): 273-278)
문맥 표현과 셀프 어텐션을 이용한 한국어 영화평 감성 분석
박천음(Cheoneum Park),이동헌(Dongheon Lee),김기훈(Kihoon Kim),이창기(Changki Lee),김현기(Hyunki Kim) 한국정보과학회 2019 정보과학회논문지 Vol.46 No.9
감성 분석은 특정 대상에 대한 의견을 수집하고 분류하는 과정이다. 그러나 자연어에 포함된 사람의 주관을 파악하는 일은 어려운 일로써, 기존의 감성 단어 사전이나 확률 모델은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 어려웠으나 딥 러닝의 발전으로 문제 해결을 시도할 수 있게 됐다. 셀프 어텐션(self-attention)은 주어진 입력열 자신에 대하여 어텐션을 계산하고 가중치 합으로 문맥 벡터를 만들어 모델링하는 방법이며, 문맥상 비슷한 의미를 가진 단어들 간에 높은 가중치가 계산되는 효과가 있다. 본 논문에서는 사전 학습된 문맥 표현을 한국어 감성 분석에 활용하고, 셀프 어텐션으로 모델링하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과, NSMC의 경우 정확도 89.82%, 다음카카오의 경우 92.25%의 성능을 보였다. Sentiment analysis is the processing task that involves collecting and classifying opinions about a specific object. However, it is difficult to grasp the subjectivity of a person using natural language, so the existing sentimental word dictionaries or probabilistic models cannot solve such a task, but the development of deep learning made it possible to solve the task. Self-attention is a method of modeling a given input sequence by calculating the attention weight of the input sequence itself and constructing a context vector with a weighted sum. In the context, a high weight is calculated between words with similar meanings. In this paper, we propose a method using a modeling network with self-attention and pre-trained contextualized embedding to solve the sentiment analysis task. The experimental result shows an accuracy of 89.82%.