자체 제작된 팬텀을 적용한 Breast Specific Gamma Imaging 검사 프로토콜에 대한 고찰

이해정,이주영,임근교,박훈희,Lee, Hae-Jung,Lee, Juyoung,Lim, Kuen-Kyo,Park, Hoon-Hee 대한핵의학기술학회 2014 핵의학 기술 Vol.18 No.2

유방암 환자가 매년 증가함에 따라 BSGI 검사에 대한 의존도가 높아지고 검사 건수가 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 국내에서 BSGI 검사는 각 기관의 상황 및 업체권고에 따라 검사 프로토콜을 적용하고 있으며 관련 연구가 미비한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 영상의 질을 평가할 수 있는 팬텀을 자체적으로 제작하여 검사 프로토콜에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. Dilon 6800 BSGI 장비를 이용하여 팬텀 내 구의 크기는 5단계로 구분하여 제작하여 실험하였다. 방사성동위원소는 $^{99m}TcO_4$를 사용하여 배후방사능과 관심영역의 비율을 2 : 4 : 8로 구분하였으며 5, 7, 10분 영상을 획득하였다. 획득된 영상은 각 구의 크기에 따라 관심영역을 설정하고 정량적, 정성적 분석을 시행하였다. 획득된 데이터는 SPSS ver.18.0을 통해 통계 분석하였다. 정량적, 정성적 분석 결과, 방사성동위원소의 주입량에 따른 각 구의 계수율은 주입량이 많을수록 계수율이 증가하였고, 구의 크기가 클수록 계수율이 증가하는 성향을 나타냈다(p<0.005). 영상획득시간에 따른 각 구의 계수율은 획득시간이 길수록 계수율이 증가하였고, 구의 크기가 클수록 증가하는 성향을 나타냈다(p<0.005). 방사성동위원소의 주입량에 따른 각 구의 대조도 잡음비는 주입량이 많을수록 증가하는 성향을 나타냈고, 8배 비율의 획득영상에서 대조도 잡음비가 가장 높았다. 또한 영상획득시간에 따른 각 구의 대조도 잡음비는 획득시간이 길수록 증가하는 성향을 나타냈고, 7분 획득영상에서 대조도 잡음비가 가장 높았다(p<0.005). 자체적으로 제작한 팬텀을 통한 정량적, 정성적 평가에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 팬텀의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구를 통해 장비 특성과 환경을 고려하여 BSGI 검사 프로토콜을 확인하고 활용한다면 보다 임상적 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose As breast cancer patients continue to increase every year, cases of BSGI are on the rise with a heavier reliance on it. However, BSGI protocol in hospitals was not studied enough despite it was covered by hospital's condition and recommendation of manufacturers. The objective of the study was an examination of methods to be applicable to BSGI protocols, putting the self-development phantom to use in quality assessment of the images. Materials and Methods Dilon 6800 (Dilon Technologies Inc, Newport News, USA) was used in the study and five different sizes of sphere were distinctively produced in the phantom. The study used $^{99m}TcO_4$. The cases were classified in to three categories that background radioactivity to region of interest as ratio of 2: 4: 8, They were acquired images for 5, 7, 10mins. The acquired image was set region of interest according to the size of sphere, and We analyzed quantitative and qualitative analysis. The acquired data statistically analyzed with SPSS ver.18.0. Results As the result of quantitative and qualitative analysis, count rate of each sphere in accordance with difference of injection dose showed that higher count rate as injection dose and sphere size increased (P<0.005). Count rate of each sphere in accordance with difference of acquisition time showed that higher count rate as acquisition time and sphere size increased (P<0.005). Contrast noise ratio of each sphere in accordance with difference of injection dose showed that higher contrast noise ratio as injection dose increased. Particularly, Contrast noise ratio of eight times ratio images was the highest among. Contrast noise ratio of each sphere in accordance with difference of acquisition time showed that higher contrast noise ratio as acquisition time increased. And, Contrast noise ratio of seven minute image was the highest among (P<0.005). Conclusion There was significant change of Contrast noise ratio through quantitative and qualitative analysis. Moreover, We found usefulness of phantom. If Institutions identified image through the phantom study and they made BSGI protocol, We expected to help the improvement of diagnostic value of the images.

이중 에너지 엑스레이 흡수기의 가동 시간에 따른 골밀도 값의 평가

이해정,김호성,김은혜,Lee, Hae-Jung,Kim, Ho-Sung,Kim, Eun-Hye 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: Recently, the performance of the X-ray tube was very much improved by the power generation of the technology. However, the overload of equipment is occurred by the increment of the equipment operating time according to the increment of the examination number of cases. The X-ray dose can change by heat occurrence of the X-ray tube due to this. Moreover, the change of the bone mineral density value is possible to occur. Therefore, We tries to whether the change of the bone mineral density value of each equipment according to the difference of the examination number of cases and operating time occur or not. Materials and Methods: The BMD value was measured by the Aluminum Spine Phantom and the European Spine Phantom in each equipment, in order to find out about the difference of the time general classification bone mineral density value by using the Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. And after scanning each phantom by using X-ray dose meter (Unfors Mult-O-Meter), a dose was measured by the same condition. As to, an average and standard deviation were found and the change of each equipment much BMD value was compared and it evaluated. Results: $Mean{\pm}SD$ of each equipment by using the Aluminum Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.174{\pm}0.002$, $1.171{\pm}0.005$, $1.173{\pm}0.005$, B equipment was $1.186{\pm}0.003$, $1.187{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, C equipment was $1.180{\pm}0.003$, $1.182{\pm}0.004$, $1.183{\pm}0.002$, D equipment was $1.188{\pm}0.004$, $1.185{\pm}0.003$, $1.185{\pm}0.004$. By using the European Spine Phantom, A equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.153{\pm}0.009$, $1.161{\pm}0.003$, B equipment was $1.134{\pm}0.004$, $1.13{\pm}0.008$, $1.127{\pm}0.015$, C equipment was $1.143{\pm}0.006$, $1.134{\pm}0.01$, $1.133{\pm}0.006$, D equipment was $1.14{\pm}0.001$, $1.122{\pm}0.002$, $1.131{\pm}0.008$, altogether included in the normal range. Conclusion: There was no significant change of the BMD value of using a phantom by time zones. Therefore, if the quality control is made to use the extent management method of the equipment for beginning in the present application, the reliability of the BMD equipment will be able to be enhanced.

Proprioception associated with sub-clinical neck pain

이해정,배성수,Lee, Hae-jung,Nicholoson, Leslie L.,Adams, Roger D.,Bae, Sung-Soo Korea Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation As 2005 PNF and Movement Vol.3 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 경미한 경부 통증을 가진 대상자의 경부 운동감각과 경부 통증과 기능에 대하여 조사하였다. 방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 자발적으로 참여한 81명의 (나이 18-30세, 평균 23.2) 건강한 대학생으로 구성되었으며, 측정은 경부운동감각과 통증 및 기능에 대하여 측정하였다. 경부운동감각은 편안히 앉은 자세에서, 경부 후인과 좌우 회전의 중간 관절 범위에서 대상자의 두부에 착용하지 않는 기구를 사용하여 측정하였다. 경부 통증과 기능은 가장 흔히 쓰이는 4가지 설문지를 한국어로 번역하고 문화적으로 적응하는 과정을 거쳐 사용하였다. 결과 : 대상자들을 경부 통증 빈도에 따라 세 집단으로 (통증 없음, 월별, 주별) 구분하였다. 각 집단간에는 4가지 설문지로 조사한 경부통증과 기능에는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 경부운동감각은 통증 빈도가 높을수록 더 민감하게 나타났다 결론 : 경부 운동감각은 편안히 앉은 자세에서 경부 후인과 좌 우회전의 중간 관절범위에서 측정하였으며, 경미한 경부 통증 빈도가 높을수록 경부 운동감각은 더 민감하게 나타났다.

ICF 개념을 이용한 만성요통 환자의 특성 분석

이해정,송주민,Lee, Hae Jung,Song, Ju Min 대한물리치료학회 2013 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of patients with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) in disability, pain, and cognition, and to compare those characteristics to the ICF concept analyzing the association between World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0: 12 item-interviewer version (WHODAS 2.0) and those of scales i.e. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ), and the Fear avoidance & belief questionnaire (FABQ). Methods: A total of 91 patients with CLBP were invited to participate in the study. Physical therapists interviewed all participants using SFMPQ, FABQ, ODI, and WHODAS 2.0 for collection of information on pain, cognition, and functional level data. Subjects scored their disability, pain, and cognition related to LBP using WHODAS 2.0, ODI, SFMPQ, and FABQ. Data analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: A positive relationship was observed between WHODAS 2.0 and each scale indicating that lower back specific disability components could be related to the ICF concept in ODI (r=0.77). Pain intensity and pain oriented movement were found to be related to general functioning in patients with CLBP (r=0.52, r=0.55, respectively). Conclusion: It can be suggested that the specific disability scale for LBP, ODI can be related to the ICF concept, WHODAS 2.0, and it may be a useful measure for patients with CLBP.

경상도 일부 지역에서 물리치료서비스를 이용하는 외래환자의 만족도 조사

이해정,한진태,Lee, Hae-Jung,Han, Jin-Tae 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to assess the satisfaction of patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain with physical therapy (PT) in Busan, Daegu, and Kyeongsang provinces using a Korean-language version of the patient satisfaction questionnaire with physical therapy service (PSPT). Methods: A total of 654 patients, having PT for their musculoskeletal pains, participated. Consenting subjects completed a 20-item PSPT on their $6^{th}$ or last treatment day. Simple descriptive statistics were used for respondent characteristics, and mean of satisfaction score in each item. Regression analysis was performed on each item of the questionnaire. Results: 654 subjects responded during or after their PT services. 297 (45.5%) of them were male and the most common site of pain was the spine. The mean of each item score (1-5) ranged from 2.14 for "my therapist did not listen to my concerns" to 4.12 for "my therapist treated me respectfully". Receptionist's attitude, registration process, service time of the hospital, and answer to the patient's questions greatly affected the general satisfaction of the respondents. Conclusion: The results showed high levels of satisfaction to the general process for obtaining treatment as well as the therapist's attitudes toward their patients. They may provide valuable patients' feedback regarding PT service for musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, it may be used by physical therapists to improve future patient experiences with a view to improving the patient's attendance and compliance with the PT service protocols for patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain.

방사선 조사된 잣으로부터 조사 여부를 확인하기 위한 Hydrocarbon류와 2 - Alkylcyclobutanone류의 분석

이해정(Hae-Jung Lee),김경수(Kyong-Su Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2001 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

잣을 0.5~10 kGy 선량으로 방사선 조사시켜 생성된 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류를 분리, 확인하였다. 지방은 n-hexane을 사용하여 추출한 뒤 불활성화된 florisil로 충진한 column chromatography로 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류를 분리하였으며, GC/MS로 확인하였다. 잣에서 방사선 조사에 의해 생성된 각각의 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류 함량은 조사선량에 따라 증가하였다. Hydrocarbon류는 oleic acid와 linoleic acid 로부터 유도된 C_(16:2), C_(16:3), C_(17:1), C_(17:2)가 많이 생성되었으며, 2-alkylcyclobutanone류 또한 oleic acid로부터 유도된 TECB가 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 이들 화합물이 잣의 방사선조사 여부 및 흡수선량 추정을 위한 marker로서 이용할 수 있을 것이다. 조사선량에 따라 생성된 hydrocarbon류와 2-alkylcyclobutanone류는 0.5 kGy 이상 조사된 모든 시료에서 검출할 수 있었으며, 비조사 시료에서는 확인되지 않았다. Pinenut was irradiated with the dose of 0.5~10 kGy. Radiation-induced hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones were extracted from pinenut, separated by florisil column chromatography and identified with GC/MS method. Concentrations of hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones were increased with the increase of irradiation dose and the composition of fatty acids in pinenut affected on products detected. The major hydrocarbons in irradiated pinenut were 8-heptadecene and 1,7-hexadecadiene originated from oleic acid and 6,9-heptadecadiene and 1,7,10-hexadecatriene originated from linoleic acid. 2-(5'-Tetradecenyl)cyclobutanone originated from oleic acid was highest in the irradiated pinenut. Radiation-induced hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones in pinenut were detected at 0.5 kGy and over, but not detected in the unirradiated samples.

간호사의 이직의도 판별예측인자

이해정(Hae Jung Lee),황선경(Sun Kyung Hwang) 한국간호행정학회 2002 간호행정학회지 Vol.8 No.3

북한의 사유화 진전 현황 연구 -중국·베트남과의 비교를 중심으로

이해정 ( Hae Jung Lee ),조동호 ( Dong Ho Jo ) 북한연구학회 2012 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.16 No.1

사유화 진행 정도는 도입기→ 진전기 → 성숙기 → 완성기로 나눌 수 있다. 중국과 베트남은 성숙기를 지나고 있으나, 북한은 사유화 초기 단계인 도입기에 머무르고 있다. 농업 부문에서 중국과 베트남은 책임 생산제와 농산물 가격 자유화를 통해 인센티브를 제공하여 실질적 생산량 증대를 달성할 수 있었다. 한편, 북한은 시험적으로 포전관리제가 도입되어 책임생산제 도입의 초기 단계라 할 수 있다. 국유기업 부문에서 중국과 베트남은 중소형 기업의 주식회사화를 모색하는 한편 대형국유기업의 개혁은 점진적으로 추진하고 있다. 북한은 초보적 수준에서 기업 분권화가 진행되고 있다. 사적 경제활동 부문에서 중국에서는 사영기업이 출현하였으며, 개인농체제가 발달하였다. 베트남도 사실상 개인영농화가 이루어졌으며, 사기업이 합법화되었다, 북한은 시장의 활성화와 함께 8.3 인민소비품생산의 장려로 가내작업반이 활기를 띄면서 소규모 개인 기업의 발전가능성이 보이고 있다, 부업밭 경작도 개인영농화의 가능성을 열어주고 있다. The progress of privatization can be divided into four phases: the introductory phase, the progression phase, the maturation phase, and the completion phase. China and Vietnam are concluding their maturation phase, whereas North Korea is still in the early stages of its introductory phase. In the field of agricultural reform, China and Vietnam have adopted a production responsibility system with managerial oversight and aderegulation of agricultural product prices in order to provide incentives. Subsequently, both countries achieved an increase in production. North Korea is in the early stages of adopting a similar production responsibility system. In the field of state-owned enterprise reform, China and Vietnam promoted equitization from small and medium-sized enterprises, and the reform of large state-owned enterprises has been implemented in a gradual manner. In contrast, decentralization is only in its early stages in North Korea. In the field of private economic activity, individual agricultural systems were developed in China following the emergence of private enterprises. De facto private farming also took place in Vietnam, and private enterprise was legalized. In North Korea, home working groups came into existence by encouraging the development of the 8.3 People`s Consumer Goods. As a result, the development of small private enterprises began to show potential. The cultivation of side-job farming also opened up the feasibility of private farming.

노인전문간호사 교과과정 분석

이해정(Lee Hae Jung),김영경(Kim Yeong Kyeong) 한국성인간호학회 2007 성인간호학회지 Vol.19 No.4

한글 경추 통증 및 기능장애 측정 도구의 개발과 타당도 및 신뢰도 검사

이해정 ( Hae Jung Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2007 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.24 No.2

Objectives: It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires-the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI)-into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods: Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistency, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC (2,1)) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach`s alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson`s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC (2,1) = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach`s alpha ranged from α=0.88 for the FRI to α=0.96 for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). The VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions: It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research applications.