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유전 및 육종 : 돼지의 번식형질과 산육형질에 대한 유전모수 추정
조충일 ( Chung Il Cho ),안진국 ( Jin Kuk Ahn ),이준호 ( Joon Ho Lee ),이득환 ( Deuk Hwan Lee ) 한국동물자원과학회 ( 구 한국축산학회 ) 2012 한국축산학회지 Vol.54 No.1
본 연구는 국내 특정 종돈장에서 보유하고 있는 종돈에 대한 번식형질 및 산육형질들에 대한 유전변이를 추정하고자 연구를 실시하였다. 본 분석에 이용된 자료는 2000년부터 2008년까지 개량을 진행한 국내 모종돈장에 있는 돼지(Landrace, Large white, Duroc) 2,447두에서 조사된 9,886복의 번식자료(실산자수, 이유자돈수)와 10,181두의 산육검정자료(등심단면적, 90kg 도달일령, 등지방두께, 정육률)을 이용하여 분석을 실시하였다. 번식형질 및 산육형질에 적합한 모형을 찾기 위해 분산분석을 실시하였으며, 그 결과 번식형질에서 품종효과, 교배웅돈효과, 산차효과, 분만시 년도-계절효과, 산육형질에서 품종효과, 분만시 년도-계절효과, 성의 효과, 모산차 등이 환경요인으로 작용하는 것으로 나타나 이들을 혼합모형방정식에 적합시켜 유전모수를 추정하였다. 그 결과, 번식형질의 실산자수에 대한 유전력은 0.07, 모체 유전효과에 대한 유전력은 0.02로 추정되었고 이유자돈수의 유전력은 0.03, 모체 유전효과에서 0.02로 추정되었으며 이들 두 형질 간의 유전상관은 0.14, 모체 유전효과에 대한 상관은 0.06로 추정되었다. 또한 등심면적의 경우 0.19, 90kg 도달일령은 0.39, 등지방두께 및 정육률은 각각 0.36 및 0.43으로 번식형질에 비해 높은 유전력을 나타내는 것으로 추정되었다. 또한 등심단면적과 등지방두께 간에는 0.04로 유전적 상관관계가 없으며, 등심단면적과 정육률 간에는 0.35로 중도의 유전적 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 반면에 등지방두께와 정육률 간은 -0.42로 중도의 부의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 등지방두께와 90kg 도달일령 간에는 유전상관이 없는 것(0.00)으로 추정되었다. 또한 번식형질과 산육형질 간 유전상관은 등지방두께를 제외한 나머지 산육형질에서 번식형질과의 부의 상관을 보여, 번식형질 또는 산육형질을 독자적으로 개량하고자 할 때, 부의 관계가 있는 형질과의 유전적 관계를 고려한 개량목표 설정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for reproductive and productive traits and to apply their estimates to selection strategies in a swine population. Reproductive and productive traits considered in this study were number of born alive piglet(NBA), number of weaned piglet(NW), loin eye area(LEA), days to 90kg(D90KG), back fat thickness(BF), and lean meat content(LEAN). Data were collected from 9,886 litters on 2,447 sows for reproductive traits and 10,181 gilts and boars for productive traits from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2008 in a swine GGP farm. The statistical model to estimate genetic parameters for considering traits was a multiple traits animal model with including animal and maternal additive effects and litter effects on reproductive traits and animal additive effects on productive traits as random as well as some of fixed effects. For estimating (co)variance components of several random effects, restricted maximum likelihood methodology was used on this assumed model. The estimated heritabilities by animal additive effects and maternal effects were 0.07 and 0.02 for NBA and 0.03 and 0.02 for NW, respectively. Genetic correlation estimate for direct genetic effects between NBA and NW was 0.14. Heritability estimates for direct genetic effects were 0.19, 0.39, 0.36, and 0.43 for LEA, D90KG, BF and LEAN, respectively. The genetic correlation of LEA with LEAN was 0.35. Productive traits were antagonistically correlated with reproductive traits. From these results it is concluded that, if selection is done for strong positive effects of reproductive traits, then this would decline productive performance.
Chung Il Cho(조충일),Joon Ho Lee(이준호),Deuk Hwan Lee(이득환) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.3
본 연구는 한우 유전체 전장에 존재하는 고밀도 단일염기다형을 DNA chip을 이용하여 각각의 유전자형을 구명하고, 동일염색체 내에 존재하는 각 표지인자쌍의 연관불평형을 성 염색체를 제외한 모든 상염색체에서 추정하여 물리적 거리별 연관불평형의 정도를 확인하고 이러한 결과를 이용하여 한우 집단의 유효집단 크기를 추정하기 위하여 실시하였다. 한우개량사업소에서 2005년부터 2008년까지 후대검정에 공시된 후보종모우 및 후대 검정우 288두에 대해 혈액을 채취하고 Bovine SNP 50 DNA Chip을 이용하여 유전자형을 분석하였으며, 총 51,582 표지인자 중 결측률이 10% 이상인 표지인자 1개 및 다형성이 없는 표지인자 10,730개에 대해 사전제거를 실시하고 남은 40,851개의 SNP표지인자를 본 분석에 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 성 염색체를 제외한 상 염색체의 총 SNP표지인자의 길이는 2,541.6 Mb였으며, 염색체별 평균 SNP표지인자간 거리는 0.55에서 0.74로 분포하였으며, EM알고리즘을 이용하여 염색체별 연관불평형을 추정해 보았을 때, 기존의 보고된 연구와 유사하게 표지인자간 거리가 짧을수록 높게 나타나는 지수형태의 그래프를 나타냈으며, SNP표지인자간 거리에 따른 r2를 보면, 0 Mb에서 0.1 Mb일 때 0.136, 0.1-0.2 Mb에서 0.06로 나타났다. Luo (1998)의 연구결과를 한우에 적용시켰을 때, 전체분산의 5%이상 설명하는 양적형질좌위 발굴을 위해서 약 2,000두의 표현형 자료가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 한우의 세대별 유효집단 크기에 대해 추정해 본 결과, 현재 한우의 유효집단크기는 84두로 추정되었고, 지금으로부터 약 50세대 이전의 유효집단 크기는 1,150두로 추정되었다. 가축에서 인공수정이 도입(1960년대)된 이 후 개량의 가속화로 인해 한우의 유효집단 크기가 급격히 감소한 것으로 사료되었다. This study was conducted to estimate the extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size using whole genomic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyped by DNA chip in Hanwoo. Using the blood samples of 35 young bulls born from 2005 to 2008 and their progenies (N=253) in a Hanwoo nucleus population collected from Hanwoo Improvement Center, 51,582 SNPs were genotyped using Bovine SNP50 chips. A total of 40,851 SNPs were used in this study after elimination of SNPs with a missing genotyping rate of over 10 percent and monomorphic SNPs (10,730 SNPs). The total autosomal genome length, measured as the sum of the longest syntenic pairs of SNPs by chromosome, was 2,541.6 Mb (Mega base pairs). The average distances of all adjacent pairs by each BTA ranged from 0.55 to 0.74 cM. Decay of LD showed an exponential trend with physical distance. The means of LD (r2) among syntenic SNP pairs were 0.136 at a range of 0-0.1 Mb in physical distance and 0.06 at a range of 0.1-0.2 Mb. When these results were used for Luo’s formula, about 2,000 phenotypic records were found to be required to achieve power > 0.9 to detect 5% QTL in the population of Hanwoo. As a result of estimating effective population size by generation in Hanwoo, the estimated effective population size for the current status was 84 heads and the estimate of effective population size for 50 generations of ancestors was 1,150 heads. The average decreasing rates of effective population size by generation were 9.0% at about five generations and 17.3% at the current generation. The main cause of the rapid decrease in effective population size was considered to be the intensive use of a few prominent sires since the application of artificial insemination technology in Korea. To increase and/or sustain the effective population size, the selection of various proven bulls and mating systems that consider genetic diversity are needed.
이충일 ( Chung Il Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Transport of bed load and suspended particle in coastal waters is main factor causing change in shoreline, and effective measurement method and appropriate equipment is required. To measure bed load and suspended particle transport an equipment was designed and manufactured, and it was applied in the field. The equipment consists of four main elements, body supporter, bed load and suspended particle sampler, sampler support and lock. Eight samplers were installed along the circumference of each supporter, and each sample is a 45-degree intervals. The field experiment was done once along Gyeongpo beach in August 2013. This note described the design and function of the equipment and results of field experiments.
이충일 ( Chung Il Lee ),장이현 ( Lee Hyun Jang ),박성은 ( Sung Eun Park ) 한국수산학회 2009 한국수산과학회지 Vol.42 No.3
The water temperature from 1980 to 2000 and the anchovy catch from 1990 to 2000 in the southeastern portion of the South Sea of Korea were used to illustrate the influence of water temperature on the catch of the anchovy, Engraulis japonica. 1993 and 1998 were selected as poor and good fishing years therefore, the horizontal and vertical distribution of water temperature and catch per unit effort in these years was compared. When the anchovy catch was lower, the water temperature at 10 m was also about 0-2℃ lower than during a normal year, which resulted in the formation of a weak thermocline. Conversely, when the anchovy catch was higher, the water temperature at 10 m was 0-2℃ greater than during a normal year, which resulted in the formation of a strong thermocline at around 20m.
이충일(Lee, chung il) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2012 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.11
The main concern of this study is to identify the correlation between Kim Dong-Ri and 『Adongmoonhak』and the discourse produced by 『Adongmoonhak』 and its nature. To begin with, the characteristics of Kim Dong-Ri-centered 『Adongmoonhak』 can be summarized as follows. First, 『Adongmoonhak』became the foundation of a major power from the actions of Kim Dong-Ri in the 1960s. The emergence of Kim Dong-Ri was closely related to aspects of the power struggle which was at a new turing point with the inauguration of the Korean Literary Men’s Association at that time. Second, the media strategies that 『Adongmoonhak』had used to produce and monopolize discourses effectively were very similar to the methods that had been shown in the literary magazines written by Kim Dong-Ri. Third, among pure literary discourses, Kim Dong-Ri played a leading role in defining the children’s literature criticism. He wrote a small amount of criticism compared to Choi Tae-Ho and Park Mok-Wol but the influence of his discourse was far beyond them. However, it is too much that the pure children’s literary theory was presented by Kim Dong-Ri. While it is true that the idealism and the romanticism which were presented in the first issue of 『Adongmoonhak』were considered the specific essence of children’s literature, the idealism and the romanticism that he said are nothing but the concepts which were agreed on by the opposite of realism. It seems obvious that though Kang So-Cheon or Cho Ji-Hoon instead of Kim Dong-Ri would be in charge of presenting it, it would not be extrinsic to the point. After all, the nature of dominant discourse can be summarized as Donsim ideology and didacticism. Of course, these notions were established through the exclusive-mindedness against realism. Didacticism considers children a target of enlightenment and Donsim ideology considers them noble and praises them. Although both were a contradictory notion, they were established as a concept that could be combined by designating the common other, realism. It is the same context as the heterogeneous discourse that meant “people = purity = anti-communism” could be established through the common other, the left. That is why they produced a almost identical discourse although they consisted of a variety of human composition such as adult’s book authors, children’s book authors and educational bureaucrats. However, literary field is a complex place where basically adversarial and conflicting discourses engage in a heated competition. Because there was no exceptions to 『Adongmoonhak』, as pure literature strongly widens its area, resistance discourse also started to ignite with it. There were Lee Won-Soo and Lee Ju-Hong in the center, especially Lee Won-Soo has significantly contributed to the formation of the children’s book authors-centered literary discourse since he was in charge of children’s literary chairman in the Korea Literary Men´s Association.
장애인올림픽 ( Paralympics ) 의 국내 현황과 발전방향
이충일(Chung Il Lee),황부근(Boo Geun Hwang),이상덕(Sang Duk Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2002 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.17 No.-
The purpose of this study is to exam the conditions and the problems, which were revealed by taking part in Sidney paralympics in 2000, of the area of finance, facilities, welfare and the press report about the national paralympics, and to grope for effective improvement and development as follows ; First, the government must expand finance for the people with disabilities physical culture. The government has to amplify the budget by national funds, and for the national sports-promotion-funds in order to extend and become active of national sports of the handicapped and paralympics. In addition, political organizations should prepare the ways to draw a donation and support. Second, it is necessary to establish a training ground for only people with disabilities and to expand the facilities that can held many international or national meetings for them. Furthermore, there is necessity to construct new facilities for the people with disabilities or repair the existed facilities which they cannot use so far and to opened for them. Third, it is needed to held contests for a pension and to realize an equality of a pension comparing with the normal. It is urgent to grope for well-being acceleration of employment for people with disability athletes such as establishing a business team, training the people with disabilities as a leader, and introducing them proper jobs. Fourth, the press including broadcasting have to pay attention to inform about sports of people with disabilities in order to attract people`s concern and to cause the transition of conscious for the people with disabilities.
연구노트 : 2012년 6월 경포해변 해안선의 이상 변화
이충일 ( Chung Il Lee ),정해근 ( Hae Kun Jung ),한문희 ( Moon Hee Han ),이준형 ( Jun Hyung Lee ),김경렬 ( Kyung Ryul Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.10
Abnormal change in Gyeongpo beach shoreline in June of 2012 was illustrated using DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System, resolution < 0.6m) observation and drift experiment. Abrupt change in the shoreline was occurred in the latter part of June, 2012, this change was compared with that in June from 2009 to 2011. In the northern part of the beach, sand accumulated and it made beach extension and movement of the shoreline towards sea compared with that in June from 2009 to 2011. While on the other, in the southern part, the beach was eroded and it formed a steep slope around the southernmost of the beach. The shoreline in the southern part of the beach was shifted more towards land than that in the past. Change in the position of shoreline was higher in the northernmost and southernmost of the beach compared with those in the other parts. Drift in the southern part of the beach moved faster along the beach than that in the northern part of it.