Collective “We” and the Communal Consciousness of Diaspora Identity in Chang-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea

이지은 ( Ji Eun Lee ) 서울대학교 미국학연구소 2014 미국학 Vol.37 No.2

This paper examines how Change-rae Lee`s On Such a Full Sea imagines a communal consciousness of diaspora identity through the use of a collective narrative voice that creates a narrative sense of split identity in readers` minds. The novel`s use of heroine figure, Fan, as a locus of communal consciousness very much corresponds to the conventional framework of the Bildungsroman narrative, which builds a communal consciousness incorporated into a progressive history through a depiction of the individual hero`s or heroine`s reconciliation with social norms. The narrative consciousness grounded in this individual hero/heroine invites readers to experience the sense of community congruent with the linear development of history. Lee`s novel, however, complicates the narrative consciousness through a collective narrative voice “we,” by shifting the referent from “we” inside the narrative frame to “we” outside the narrative frame and by dislocating the main figure Fan from society. The sense of disjointedness manifested by the narrative sense of split identity and the heroine`s displacement in society conceptualizes diaspora identity. Diaspora identity configured in this way propounds a more liberating version of communal consciousness as it allows deviations from norms and exploration of new possibilities not bound by nation or ethnicity. The communal consciousness of diaspora identity depicted in Lee`s novel challenges the homogeneous sense of community merged with history and gestures toward heterogeneous deviations from history.

2019년 한국의 고위험 해충 9종에 대한 예찰조사 보고

이지은,이효빈,김소라,김효중,이승환,홍기정,정철의,김동순,박종석,이원훈,Lee, Jieun,Lee, Hyobin,Kim, Sora,Kim, Hyojoong,Lee, Seunghwan,Hong, Ki-Jeong,Jung, Chuleui,Kim, Dong-soon,Park, Jong-Seok,Lee, Wonhoon 한국응용곤충학회 2020 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.59 No.3

2019년 4월부터 10월까지 침입우려 고위험 해충 9종(Aceria diospyri, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Solenopsis invicta, Stephanitis takeyai)에 대한 예찰조사를 7개 권역에서 실시하였다. 총 7권역, 87지역, 288지점에서 총 12,285개의 트랩운용/달관조사를 완료하였으며, A. diospyri, B. dorsalis, B. minax, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, L. botrana, Proeulia sp., S. invicta, S. takeyai는 발견되지 않았다. 본 조사 연구는 2018년부터 지속적으로 실시하고 있으며, 고위험 해충의 전국단위의 감시체계를 구축 및 예찰조사 거점 지역을 확보하였다. Monitoring about nine high risk insect pests, Aceria diospyri, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Solenopsis invicta and Stephanitis takeyai, were carried out in seven regions from April to October in 2019. A total of 12,285 traps/visual scouting were investigated in 288 points of 87 local sites of seven regions, resulting the nine species, A. diospyri, B. dorsalis, B. minax, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, L. botrana, Proeulia sp., S. invicta, and S. takeyai, were not detected. This study have been carried out from 2018, and we established the nationwide monitoring system and secured a bridgehead for monitoring invasive insect pests passing the border.

신증후군 환아에서 스테로이드 유발 대사성 골질환에 대한 Alendronate의 치료 효과

이지은,이현옥,백경훈,이숙향,진동규,Lee Ji-Eun,Lee Hyun-Ok,Paik Kyung-Hoon,Lee Suk-Hyang,Jin Dong-Kyu 대한소아신장학회 2004 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.8 No.1

목 적 : 소아 신증후군에서 스테로이드 장기투여에 따른 대사성 골질환은 흔한 합병증 중의 하나이다. 저자들은 성인에서의 스테로이드 유발성 골다공증 치료에 유효한 bisphosphonate(alendronate)를 투여하여 소아 신증후군에서 스테로이드 유발 대사성 골질환에 대한 치료효과에 대해 전향적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 신증후군 이환 기간이 2년된 5-8세의 환자 58명에게 DEXA로 골밀도를 측정하여 요추 골밀도가 Z-score -1 이하인 환아 30명(51.7%)을 대상으로 선정한 후 이들을 alendronate 주 1회 투여군, calcitriol 투여군, 약제 비투여군등의 세 군으로 분류하여 1년간 연구하였다. 치료 6개월, 1년에 요추 L1-L4 골밀도를 측정하였고 치료 전과 치료 1년 후 생화학적 검사를 측정하였다. 각 군간 평균 연령, 기저 요추 골밀도, 스테로이드 축적량, 골밀도% 변화율, 요추 골밀도 Z-score를 측정 분석하였다. 결 과 : 총 30명 환자에서 기본 요추 골밀도 측정시 환아의 나이는 $7.4{\pm}1.7$세였고 신증후군 이환기간은 $2.2{\pm}1.2$년이었다. Z-score로 진단된 골밀도 감소증은 23명(76.7%), 골다공증은 7명(23.3%)이었다. 각 생화학적 변수들은 치료 전후로 차이가 없었으며, 군 간에도 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 빈번 재발형 신증후군과 스테로이드 의존형 신증후군은 22명(73.3%)으로 드문 재발형 신증후군 8명(26.6%)에 비해 대사성 골질환의 빈도가 높았다. 골밀도 변화율은 alendronate 군에서 치료 1년에 8.56%였고, calcitriol군은 5.79% 증가를 보였으며, 비투여군은 1.9%증가를 보였다. Z-socre 변화는 alendronate 군과 calcitriol 군에서만 호전되었고, 비투여군에서는 감소하였다. 골밀도 증가율은 각 군간 유의한 차이를 보였지만(P=0.0002), alendronate 군과 비투여군, calcitriol 군과 비투여군 간에 있었고(P<0.05), alendronate 군과 calcitriol 군간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Alendronate 투여시 약복용을 중단할 만큼의 심각한 부작용은 발현되지 않았다. 결 론 : 소아 신증후군 환자에서 고용량의 스테로이드를 투여해야 하는 경우 대사성 골질환의 발생 위험이 높기 때문에 정기적인 골밀도 측정이 필요하며, 그 평가 도구로는 요추 골밀도 Z-score가 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 신증후군 환아의 스테로이드 유발 대사성 골질환에서 alendronate 주 1회 경구투여는 요추 골밀도를 증가시키는 효과적인 치료법이었다. Purpose : Children with nephrotic syndrome(NS) are under high risk for metabolic bone disease(MBD) as a complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We prospectively evaluated the effect of oral bisphosphonate(alendronate) therapy in children with NS, which has proven efficacy in adult patients with glucocorticoid induced MBD. Methods : Among 58 children with NS, aged 5 to 8 years and haying a disease duration of more than 2 years, 30(51.7%) were enrolled to meet the selection criteria, less than -1.0 Z-scores of lumbar spine bone mineral density(BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). These 30 children were divided into three groups and each were assigned to receive alendronate, calcitriol, and no-medication, respectively for one year. Lumbar spine BMD was followed up every 6 months and the biochemical indexes were measured before and 1 year after the treatment. There were no significant difference among groups with respect to the average age, the initial BMD, and the cumulative steroid doses. Analysis of the treatment efficacy was done by the % change of BMD and by the changes in Z-scores of lumbar spine BMD. Results : Mean age and disease duration of patients at the initial lumbar spine BMD evaluation was $7.4{\pm}1.7$ years and $2.2{\pm}1.2$ years, respectively. Twenty-three of 30 children(76%) had osteopenia, and seven(23%) had osteoporosis. There was no difference in the biochemical values among the groups, before and 1 year after the treatment(P<0.05). Twenty two children(73.3%) with frequent relapsing or steroid dependant NS had more frequent MBD, compared to the 8 children(26.6%) with infrequent relapsing NS. The one year % changes of BMD were 8.56 in alendronate group, 5.79 in calcitriol group, and 1.9 in no-medication group. The changes in Z-score of lumbar spine BMD increased in the alendronate group and the calcitriol group, but not in the no-medication group. One year % changes of BMD were different among groups(P=0.0002). Significant differences were found between the alendronate and the no-medication group, and between the calcitriol and the no-medication group(P<0.05). There was no difference between the alendronate and the calcitriol group. No serious adverse effect was observed in the alendronate group. Conclusion : Children with NS receiving high dose steroids are under the high risk of BMD and should undergo regular BMD evaluation. Z-score of lumbar spine BMD was a useful parameter in diagnosing low bone mass in children. Alendronate weekly oral therapy was effective and relatively safe in increasing the lumbar spine BMD in children with NS having steroid induced MBD.

산업재해에 의한 안외상에 대한 역학적 고찰

이지은,김수영,이승욱,이상준,Ji Eun Lee,MD,Soo Young Kim,MD,Seung Uk Lee,MD,Sang Joon Lee,MD 대한안과학회 2013 대한안과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Purpose: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of industrial ocular trauma for treatment application and prevention. Methods: A retrospective survey of 207 eyes from 206 patients who visited Gosin University Gospel Hospital from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2007 was performed. The age, sex, diagnosis, causes, injury site, primary ocular surgery, duration of hospitalization and treatment, and initial and final visual acuities were reviewed using the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) form based on the Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT). Results: The trauma incidence was higher in males (95.65%) in their forties (50.24%). The mean patient age was 41.5 years. Separately counted lesions were presented as a proportion to total injured eyes. The most common diagnosis of industrial ocular traumas was global injuries (124.1%), orbital wall fractures (6.3%), adnexal trauma (5.3%) and optic nerve injuries (3.4%). The most common cause of ocular injuries was flying iron piece (28.67%), and the cornea was the most frequent injured site (69.1%). In 43% of the patients, surgical treatments were performed and the most common surgery was primary closure of the cornea or sclera (82.02%), followed by vitrectomy (30.33%). The average of initial and final visual acuity (log MAR) was 1.2 and 0.93, respectively. In 69.7% of all patients, the final visual acuity was improved or stabilized compared to the initial status. Conclusions: Flying objects are still the most frequent cause of industrial ocular trauma and in approximately 70% of all patients, the final visual outcome improved or stabilized compared to the initial status. These types of ocular traumas can be significantly reduced by wearing protector shields along with educational safety programs.

각막궤양에서 양막이식술 후 발생한 각막혼탁 감소를 위한 각막문신

이지은,이승욱,김지홍,전종배,엄부섭,이종수,Ji Eun Lee,Seung Uk Lee,Ji Hong Kim,Jong Bae Jun,Boo Sup Oum,Jong Soo Lee 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.9

Purpose: To report on the cosmetic efficacy of corneal tattooing using India ink in cases where amniotic membrane grafting was performed to promote corneal wound healing in corneal ulcers. Methods: Amniotic membrane grafting of corneal ulcers was carried out in three patients with no expectation of visual recovery. After corneal reepithelization, a 30 G needle filled with India ink was placed into the amniotic membrane space between the regenerated corneal epithelium and the stromal bed, and the ink was then carefully injected. Results: The staining of corneas to the appropriate opacity with India ink was successful in all cases. There were no significant complications during the mean follow up period of 17 months. All the patients were well satisfied with the corneal staining. Conclusions: When corneal opacity occurs subsequent to an amniotic membrane graft for a corneal ulcer, this corneal tattooing with an intrastromal injection of India ink into the amniotic membrane space might be a very useful method to achieve a good cosmetic result.

낙동강 하류 물금과 을숙도 수환경의 진핵 플랑크톤 종조성에 대한 분자모니터링

이지은,이상래,윤석현,정상옥,이진애,정익교,Lee, Jee Eun,Lee, Sang-Rae,Youn, Seok-Hyun,Chung, Sang Ok,Lee, Jin Ae,Chung, Ik Kyo 한국해양학회 2012 바다 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구는 메타게놈 분석법을 기초로 낙동강 하류 담수 환경의 물금과 기수 환경의 을숙도대교 정점에서 채수된 환경 시료내의 진핵 플랑크톤 종다양성 및 군집 구조를 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 수환경 시료에서 추출된 DNA에 대한 environmental Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)을 수행하여 18S rDNA 클론라이브러리를 구축하였고, colony PCR, PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP), 염기서열 결정 및 유사도 분석을 통하여 종다양성을 분석하였다. 물금 및 을숙도대교 정점에서 338개의 클론들을 분석하였고(170 clones, 물금; 168 clones, 을숙도대교), 그 결과 총 74개의 phylotype을 발굴하였다(49개, 물금; 25개, 을숙도대교). 발굴된 phylotype에 대한 계통 분석 결과, Stramenopiles, Cryptophyta, Viridiplantae, Alveolata, Rhizaria, Metazoa 및 Fungi 등의 분류군에 속하는 다양한 생물종이 발굴되었으며, 국내 미기록종 및 신종 후보 가능 생물종과 속(genus)이상의 새로운 분류학적 처리가 필요한 생물종의 존재를 확인하였다. 특히 Stramenopiles의 Pirsonia 및 Alveolata의 Perkinsea에 속하는 phylotypes 등 국내 미기록 생물종을 포함한 숨은 종다양성(cryptic species diversity)의 발굴은 분자모니터링 기법이 낙동강 하구역 수생태계 변화 모니터링을 위한 새로운 유용한 생물학적 정보를 제공할 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. We have studied the eukaryotic plankton species diversity to compare the community structure of fresh and brackish waters in the lower reaches of the Nakdong River using metagenomic methods. We constructed 18S rDNA clone libraries of total DNAs extracted from environmental water samples collected at Mulgeum (MG100929, fresh) and Eulsukdo bridge (ES, brackish). Through the steps of colony PCR, PCR-RFLP, sequencing and similarity analysis, we discovered the diverse species composition of eukaryotic plankton. Total 338 clones (170 at MG100929 and 168 at ES) were analyzed, and then we found 74 phylotypes (49 for MG100929 and 25 for ES). From the phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed various eukaryotic plankton of broad range of taxonomic groups, including Stramenopiles, Cryptophyta, Viridiplantae, Alveolata, Rhizaria, Metazoa, and Fungi. We also found several unreported species in Korea and candidates of new taxonomic entities at levels higher than genus. Especially, the cryptic species diversity including unreported phylotypes of Pirsonia (Stramenopiles) and Perkinsea (Alveolata) suggests that the molecular monitoring method can produce new informative biological data in monitoring the changes in the Nakdong River Mouth ecosystem.

덱사메타존과 디클로페낙이 각막실질세포에 미치는 영향

이지은,이승욱,김종환,이종수,Ji-Eun Lee,M,D,Seung-Uk Lee,M,D,Jong Hwan Kim,M,D,Jong Soo Lee,M,D 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Purpose: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone and diclofenac on the proliferation of cultured human keratocytes, and to investigate the apoptotic response and the cellular morphologic changes associated with dexamethasone and diclofenac in vitro. Methods: Human corneal keratocytes were exposed to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM concentration of dexamethasone and diclofenac for 4, 24, and 48 hours. MTT based calorimetric assay, flow cytometric analysis, fluorescent micrograph, inverted phase-contrast micrograph, and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the results. Results: The inhibitory effect of human keratocyte proliferation increased at higher concentrations and longer exposure times of dexamethasone and diclofenac (p<0.05). In flow cytometry, the maximal apoptotic response developed at 0.4 mM concentration of dexamethasone and 1.6 mM concentration of diclofenac after 4 hours. Apoptotic cells were demonstrated in fluorescent micrograph. Dexamethasone-treated cases showed a more damaged appearance, more swollen rather than spindle shaped, with greater detachment from the bottom of the dish and the chromatin of the nuclear remnant condensed along the nuclear periphery with cytoplasmic vesication and cytoplasmic blebs formation, and partial disruption of the nuclear membrane compared with diclofenac. Conclusions: The apoptotic response of dexamethasone and diclofenac is associated with the inhibitory effect of human corneal keratocyte proliferation. For inhibition of cellular proliferation of human corneal keratocytes, dexamethasone may be more effective at lower concentration and shorter exposure time than diclofenac.

2018년 고위험해충 9종에 대한 예찰조사 보고

이지은,이효빈,기웅,김동순,김수빈,김효중,박종석,오재석,유영혁,이승환,이재하,정철의,조건호,홍기정,이원훈,Lee, Jieun,Lee, Hyobin,Ki, Woong,Kim, Dong-Soon,Kim, Subin,Kim, Hyojoong,Park, Jong-Seok,Oh, Jaeseok,Yu, Yeonghyeok,Lee, Seunghwan,Lee, Jaeha 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.58 No.3

고위험해충의 국내 유입 및 발생 여부를 조사하기 위한 예찰협력 네트워크 구성을 위해 7개 대학(경상대학교, 군산대학교, 서울대학교, 순천대학교, 안동대학교, 제주대학교, 충북대학교)이 참여하여 고위험해충 9종(Aceria diospyri, 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis), 일본과실파리(Bactrocera minax), Bactrocera tsuneonis, 코드린나방(Cydia pomonella), 포도애기잎말이나방(Lobesia botrana), Proeulia sp., 붉은불개미(Solenopsis invicta), Stephanitis takeyai)에 대한 예찰조사를 2018년 6월부터 10월까지 실시하였다. 전국을 7개 권역으로 구분한 뒤, 105개 지역 내 315개 지점에서 총 7,560개의 트랩운용/달관조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과 A. diospyri, 오리엔탈과실파리, 일본과실파리, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, 포도애기잎말이나방, Proeulia sp., 붉은불개미, S. takeyai는 발견되지 않았다. 본 조사 연구를 통하여 고위험해충을 조기 탐지할 수 있는 전국단위의 감시체계를 구축하였으며, 국경 이후 외래침입해충들의 예찰조사를 위한 거점 지역을 확보하였다. To establish the cooperative monitoring network which can investigate introductions or outbreaks of high risk insect pests into Korea, seven universities, Gyeongsang National University, Kunsan National University, Seoul National University, Sunchon National University, Andong National University, Jeju National University, and Chungbuk National University, carried out seven regions' monitoring about nine high risk insect pests, Aceria diospyri, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis, Cydia pomonella, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Solenopsis invicta, Stephanitis takeyai, from June to October in 2018. A total of 7,560 traps/visual scouting were investigated in 315 points of 105 local sites of seven regions, resulting the nine species, A. diospyri, B. dorsalis, B. minax, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, L. botrana, Proeulia sp., S. invicta, and S. takeyai, were not detected. From this study, we established the nationwide monitoring system which can early detect high risk insect pests and secured a bridgehead for monitoring invasive insect pests passing the border.

COVID-19 전후 단일 한방병원 한방내과 내원환자들에 대한 비교 분석 - 2018년 7월부터 2021년 6월까지 원광대학교 전주한방병원을 중심으로 -

이지은,신용진,신선호,Lee, Ji-eun,Shin, Yong-jeen,Shin, Sun-ho 대한한방내과학회 2021 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.42 No.6

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the healthcare utilization behavior of patients visiting the department of Korean internal medicine in the Korean medicine hospital of Wonkwang University in Jeon-ju from July 2018 to June 2021. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 26,108 patients and sorted the data by period, month, visiting types, new or returning types, sex, and age group. IBM SPSS 26.0 and the R 4.05 'changepoint' package were used with various statistical methods, such as Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, Simple regression analysis. The P-value was set at 0.05. Results and Conclusions: Females outnumbered males regardless of period, and the ratio of females fell after COVID-19. Regardless of visiting types, patients in their 50s, 60s, and 70s outrated any other age group. The average number of females among the returning patients decreased significantly after COVID-19, but did not in males. Outpatients under 10 and in their 10s decreased significantly after COVID-19, as did inpatients in their 40s and 60s. The average duration of hospitalization was extended significantly after COVID-19. The number of outpatients and inpatients decreased as time passed after COVID-19. We expect that the results of this study will be used as reference materials in analyzing the effects of COVID-19 on healthcare utilization.

청간해주탕(淸肝解酒湯)이 CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cell에서 알코올유발 세포독성에 미치는 영향

이지은,김영철,우홍정,이장훈,Lee, Ji-Eun,Kim, Young-Chul,Woo, Hong-Jung,Lee, Jang-Hoon 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : Induction of CYP2E1 by ethanol is believed to be one of the major mechanism by which ethanol generate a state of oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that treatment with Chungganhaeju-tang prevents hepatic inflammation and apoptosis in alcoholic liver disease. The purpose of our study is to determine if Chungganhaeju-tang can also protect against alcohol-induced cytotoxicity in CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cells. Materials and Methods : CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cells and control vector-transfected HepG2 cells were exposed for isx hours to Chungganhaeju-tang, and then 50 mM of ethanol was added and left for two days. Results : Ethanol significantly decreased cell viability in CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cells and increased apoptosis. These alterations were attenuated by Chungganhaeju-tang. This was accompanied by an improvement of NF-${\kappa}B$ and Akt activation. Conclusion : These results suggest that Chungganhaeju-tang exerts inhibitory effect against the cytotoxicity induced by alcohol in CYP2E1-transfected HepG2 cells, and that this is a protective action due, at least in part, to an activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ that plays a key role in the protection mechanism, and in reducing hepatotoxic cytokine gene expression.