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이준혁(Joon Hyeok Lee),홍기영(Ki Young Hong),주재학(Jae Hak Joo),김도진(Do Jin Kim),어수택(Soo Taek Uh),김용훈(Yong Hun Kim),박춘식(Choon Sik Park) 대한내과학회 2001 대한내과학회지 Vol.60 No.3
N/A Backgroud : Wheezes are the oscillation of airway walls that occures when there is airflow limitation, as may be produced by bronchospasm, airway edema or collapse or intraluminal obstruction by neplasm or secretions. Wheezes can be observed in about 34% of bronchiectasis, that defined as abnormal and permanent dilatation of bronchi. Bronchiectasis is associated with bronchial asthma in 2.7-42%. We studed the clinical significance of wheeze observed in bronchiectasis and interrelationships between the bronchiectasis with wheeze and bronchial asthma. Methods : We reviewed the 32 patients with bronchiectasis confirmed by HRCT. Exclusion criteria are acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis, neoplasm, bronchial asthma. The controlled group is 29 bronchial asthma patients and their diagnositc criteria is when the %change of FEV1 after inhaled bronchodilators is 12% or more and absolute change value is ≥200 mL. All patients were performed spirometry, bronchodilator test, bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, skin prick test and sputum analysis for cell counts. Results : The Wheeze observed in 43.7% of bronchiectasis patients. Wheeze group revealed the more obstructive pattern in spirometry than non-wheeze group (FEV1% 71.0±8.2% vs 91.7±5.5%, p=0.04; FEV1/FVC 61.1±4.4% vs 78.2±3.7%, p=0.009), more bronchodilator responses (8.4±2.1% vs 4.9±1.7%, p=0.045) and more bonchial hyperresponsiveness (positive results in PC20 : 2 in 6 patients vs no positive in 3 patients). Asthma control group has no significant differences with wheeze group. But compared with non-wheeze group, it has significantly decreased lung function (FEV1/FVC 65.5±2.9% vs 78.2±3.7, p=0.004), more bronchodilator responses (14.8±0.6% vs 4.9±1.7%, p=0.001) and more eosinophilic airway inflammations (sputum eosinphile% 11.4±2.0 vs 0.8±0.4, p=0.05). Conclusions : The wheezes observed in bronchiectasis are associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic airway inflammations.(Korean J Med 60:242-248, 2001)
만성 염증성 장질환 및 감염성 대장염 환자의 대장상피 세포에서의 HLA - DR 항원 발현 양상
정현채(Hyun Chae Jung),이준혁(Joon Hyeok Lee),김우호(Woo Ho Kim),송인성(In Sung Song),최규완(Kyoo Wan Choi),김정룡(Chung Yong Kim),김정목(Jung Mogg Kim) 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.48 No.5
N/A Objective: Since it was reported that expression of HLA-DR antigen by colonic epithelial cells was observed in inflammatory bowel disease, whether this phenomenon is specific for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease has been controversial. Furthermore, studies concerning the expression of HLA-DR antigen in tuberculous colitis, one of the most common diseases which need differential diagnosis with idioapthic inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea, and Behcet's colitis, rare in Western countries, have not been reported as yet. The purposes of this study are to test the hypothesis that the expression of HLA-DR antigen by colonic epithelium is specific for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and to observe the pattern of the colonic expression of HLA-DR antigen in Behcet's colitis and to compare with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Methods: Multiple colonoscopic biopsies were performed on fifty eight patients(twenty seven ulcerative colitis, four Crohn's disease, nine Behcet's colitis, nine infectious colitis, and nine normal control). Immunohistochemical staining using mouse monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody was performed on each biopsy specimens, and was compared according to its histologic activity. Results: 1) In the ulcerative colitis group, 77.2% of specimens with histologically active inflammation expressed HLA-DR antigen, whereas only 15.6% of specimens without active inflammation did, showing significant difference(p<0.005). 2) In the Crohn's disease group and the infectious colitis group, specimens with histologically active inflammation(58.3% and 60.0%) showed higher positive rate than specimens without histologically active inflammation(12.5% and 40.0%), but statistical significance was not observed(p>0.05). 3) Colonic epithelial cells of the Behcet's disease group expressed HLA-DR antigen only in 18.8% of specimens with histologically active inflammation, showing significantly lower rate of positive expression than other inflammatory bowel diseases with active inflammation(67.3%, p<0.005). 4) Overall, 52.2% of specimens with active inflammation expressed epithelial HLA-DR antigen, showing significantly higher rate of positive expression than specimens without active inflammation(19.8%, p<0.005). Conclusion: The epithelial expression of HLA-DR antigen in inflammatory bowel disease seems to be a nonspecific parameter indicating active histologic inflammation, especially in ulcerative colitis, and cannot be used in differential diagnosis of tuberculous colitis and Crohn's disease. However, in Behcet's colitis, the frequency of HLA-DR antigen expression by colonic epithelium is significantly lower than other inflammatory bowel disease, therefore a different immunopathophysiologic mechanism is suggested, which needs further investigation.
이종균(Jong Kyun Lee),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),이준혁(Joon Hyeok Lee),이규택(Kyu Taek Lee),최성호(Sung Ho choi),노재형(Jae Hyung Noh),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),고광철(Kwang Cheol Koh),백승운(Seung Woon Paik),이종철(Jong Chul Rhee) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis(BRIC) is a very rare cholestatic condition of unknown etiology and its main clinical feature is multiple recurrent episodes of cholestasis with no extrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Familial and nonfamilial forrns of BRIC have been described. We report a case of two sisters with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. They have experienced recurrent jaundice since childhood. Extrahepatic bile duct obstructions were excluded by ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Liver biopsy specimens showed centri]obular hepatocytic cholestasis. Lobular architectures and portal tracts were well preserved without inflammation.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1997; 29:249-253)
기능성 소화불량증 환자에서의 Electronic Barostat을 이용한 위 팽창 반응에 관한 연구
이규택(Kyu Taek Lee),손희정(Hee Jung Son),이종균(Jong Kyun Lee),이준혁(Joon Hyeok Lee),이풍렬(Poong Lyul Rhee),김재준(Jae Jun Kim),고광철(Kwang Cheol Koh),백승운(Seung Woon Paik),이종철(Jong Chull Rhee),노재형(Jae Hyung Noh),최성호(S 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.2
N/A Background/Aims: A decreased perception threshold of gastric distension has been observed recently in selected patients with functional dyspepsia(FD) in the absence of changes in gastric compliance. The sensations induced by changes in intragastric pressure and volumes have been shown to be independent of gastric emptying times. In Korea, there has been no report about the response to gastric distension using electronic barostat in patients with FD. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether decreased perception threshold to the gastric distension could be one of the pathogenic factors in FD. Methods: Thirty patients with dysmotility-like FD(9 men and 21 women; age range, 27-57 years) and 20 healthy individuals without gastrointestinal symptorns(10 men and 10 women; age range, 20-54 years) were included in this study after receiving written informed consent. We measured intragastric minimal distending pressure(MDP), gastric compliance, aMominal discomfort level, and gastric emptying rate of solid meal. We used a dual drive barostat (G&J Electronics, Canada) and biad gamma camera(Trionix). MDP was defined as the first pressure level to inflate an intra gastric bag volume > 30mL. And then, symptoms and volume of the intragastric bag, which was inflated by increasing intragastric bag pressur, was measured in 1 mmHg steps every 3 minutes, We compared gastric compliance at a low pressure zone(0-2 mmHg above MDP) and at a high preassre zone(6-8mmHg above MDP), We calculated the mean values( SD) of the parameters, and statistical comparisons were performed using tbe repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The MDP was significantly decreased in FD(3.9>1.8 mmHg) compared to the controls(5.7+ 1.7 mmHg; p<0.001). The gastric compliance(Cw) at a high pressure zone was significantly higher in FD(46.5+30.6 mL/rnmHg) compared to the control(31.3 + 15.3 mL/mmHg; p<0.05). Whereas there was no difference in compliance(C) at the low pressure zone(41.2+25.6 mL/mmHg in FD vs. 43.9+23.1 mL/mmHg in the control). Patients with FD had gastric hypersensitivity to distension(discomfort threshold at 8.3+3.8 mmHg and 392+109 mL in FD vs. 14.S+3.8 mmHg and 558+135 rnL in controls; p<0.001). There were no differences in MDP, compliance, and discomfort level according to gastric emptying times. Conclusions: We conclude that decreased perception threshold to gastric distension could be a pathogenic factor, and also an increased gastric compliance at high pressure zone may play a pathogenic role in FD. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29: 135 - 144)
이현우 ( Hyun-woo Lee ),신동현 ( Dong Hyun Sinn ),강원석 ( Wonseok Kang ),곽금연 ( Geum-youn Gwak ),백용한 ( Yong-han Paik ),최문석 ( Moon Seok Choi ),이준혁 ( Joon Hyeok Lee ),고광철 ( Kwang Cheol Koh ),백승운 ( Seung Woon Pai 대한간암학회 2016 대한간암학회지 Vol.16 No.2
Background/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a unique condition where the cause of death might not only be due to progressive cancer, but also from liver failure. We evaluated specific causes of death for HCC patients who were initially diagnosed within the Milan criteria. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 147 patients with mortality who were initially diagnosed with HCC within the Milan criteria between January 2008 and December 2012 at a single institution was reviewed. Results: During follow-up, 104 patients (70.7%) experienced one or more cirrhotic complications, such as ascites, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy. Near mortality, cancer progression (exceeding the Milan criteria) was recorded for 102 patients (69.3%), while cirrhosis progression (greater than two-point increase in Child-Pugh score) was noted in 110 (74.8%) patients. Alphafetoprotein, protein-induced by vitamin K antagonist-II levels and treatment modality were associated with cancer progression, while age and Child-Pugh class were associated with cirrhosis progression. There were 61 patients with in-hospital mortality; cancer progression plus liver failure was noted in 34 patients (55.7%), liver failure without cancer progression was seen in 20 patients (32.8%), and only four patients (6.6%) showed mortality from extrahepatic metastasis without liver failure. Conclusions: Among HCC patients who were diagnosed within the Milan criteria, most of them had cirrhosis progression near mortality, and significant proportion died without uncontrolled cancer growth, mainly due to liver failure. These findings show the importance of liver function that should be considered in managing HCC patients. (J Liver Cancer 2016;16:101-107)
로봇 개인화를 위한 승자 피드백과 선호도 기반 보상 학습
김찬우(Chan-Woo Kim),이준혁(Joon-Hyeok Lee),김준호(Jun-Ho Kim),이경재(Kyung-Jae Lee) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6
As people started to interact with robots for their convenient use, personalizing a robot’s behavior is necessary to satisfy the user. Recently, significant progress in personalizing robot behavior has been made by learning a reward function with human feedback. However, earlier works primarily focused on pairwise comparison, which is common in preference-based learning. In this paper, we extended the pairwise comparison into a b-length comparison. We propose an upper confidence bound based algorithm which efficiently balances the exploration-exploitation trade-off by building a query with potentially high reward trajectories. Moreover, we found out that collecting winner feedback, while avoiding cognitive overload, showed better performance in learning a personalized reward function.