주파수 영역에서의 움직임 예측 및 보상을 위한 재귀 방정식을 이용한 웨이브프런트 어레이 프로세서

이주흥,류철,Lee, Joo-Heung,Ryu, Chul 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.10C

본 논문은 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 기반의 움직임 예측 및 보상을 위한 새로운 연산 아키텍처를 제안한다. 기존 방식들의 경우 연산 시간의 단축을 위하여 2차원 DCT 계수의 희소성을 충분히 활용하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 DCT 영역에서의 효율적인 움직임 예측을 위한 재귀 방정식을 유도하고, 이를 바탕으로 PE로 구성된 WAP를 개발한다. 또한, 재귀 방정식을 이용하여, 움직임 예측된 영상이 저주파 성분부터 고주파 성분까지 다양한 주파수 대역을 갖는 것이 가능함을 보인다. WAP는 아키텍처의 수정 없이 로그형 탐색이나 3단계 탐색과 같은 다양한 움직임 예측 알고리즘들을 수행할 수 있으며, 이러한 특성들은 비디오 부호화와 복호화에 필요한 전력 소모를 줄이기 위하여 이용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 WAP 아키텍처는 계산의 복잡도와 연산 시간을 효과적으로 감소시키며, SAD기준을 이용한 DCT 영역에서의 움직임 예측 및 보상 방식은 SAD 또는 SSD 기준을 이용한 공간 영역에서의 움직임 예측 및 보상 방식보다 높은 PSNR과 압축률을 제공함을 보여준다. This paper proposes a new architecture for DCT-based motion estimation and compensation. Previous methods do riot take sufficient advantage of the sparseness of 2-D DCT coefficients to reduce execution time. We first derive a recursion equation to perform DCT domain motion estimation more efficiently; we then use it to develop a wavefront array processor (WAP) consisting of processing elements. In addition, we show that the recursion equation enables motion predicted images with different frequency bands, for example, from the images with low frequency components to the images with low and high frequency components. The wavefront way Processor can reconfigure to different motion estimation algorithms, such as logarithmic search and three step search, without architectural modifications. These properties can be effectively used to reduce the energy required for video encoding and decoding. The proposed WAP architecture achieves a significant reduction in computational complexity and processing time. It is also shown that the motion estimation algorithm in the transform domain using SAD (Sum of Absolute Differences) matching criterion maximizes PSNR and the compression ratio for the practical video coding applications when compared to tile motion estimation algorithm in the spatial domain using either SAD or SSD.

MLSO 4 : Safety in practice: role of MLSO

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Laser technology has been introduced since 1980s in the medical as well as surgical fields and now is a critical element of modern medicine. However, safety management of medical laser is still in its early stage in Korea. Medical Laser Safety Officer (MLSO) is a key player in the safe use of medical lasers especially in big hospitals. Although national certification for MLSO is not available in Korea, having such functionality especially in big hospitals is recommended by the KFDA. According to OSHA technical manual (section III, chapter 6), the LSO has the authority to monitor and enforce the control of laser hazards and effect the knowledgeable evaluation and control of laser hazards. The LSO administers the overall laser safety program where the duties include, but are not limited to, items such as confirming the classification of lasers, doing the NHZ evaluation, assuring that the proper control measures are in place and approving substitute controls, approving standard operating procedures (SOP``s), recommending and/or approving eye wear and other protective equipment, specifying appropriate signs and labels, approving overall facility controls, providing the proper laser safety training as needed, conducting medical surveillance, and designating the laser and incidental personnel categories. Because most of laser-related accidents results in eye injuries, practical measures are focused on the protection of eyes of both patients and staffs. However, this does not just involve application of eye protection gear for the patients and staffs. Protective measures start with access control such as authorization of access for the relevant personnel, posting appropriate signs and establishing entry way control measure for the NHZ. Protective eye wear is to be chosen based on wavelength of laser and maximum permissible dose of that particular wavelength. SOPs should be developed and approved so that every step is orderly and logically sequenced for the protection of eyes and skin of patients and staffs.

아토피 피부염의 중증도와 혈청 IgE 및 IEN - γ 에 관한 연구

이주흥(Joo Heung Lee) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.10

N/A Background: Since the management of atopic dermatitis often needs prolonged administration of medication in children, laboratory index reflecting disease severity is necessary for optimal treatment of this disease. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and gamma interferon (IFN-y ) are some of the most important factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Objective This study was performed to find out if serum IFN- y together with IgE can be used as severity indices or disease markers of atopic dermatitis in Korean children. Methods: A total of 14 patients and 6 normal controls were collected. The patients were evaluated for the symptoms and signs of the atopic dermatitis according to the criteria previously reported and classified into the mild and severe group. Blood samples were obtained and measured for serum IgE and IFN- γ. Results Serum IFN-γ levels of the patients with atopic dermatitis were decreased compared with those of normal control. However, patients in the severe atopic dermatitis group showed no significant difference from those in the mild group in terms of IFN- γ levels. Serum IgE levels of the patients with atopic dermatitis were significantly increased compared with those of normal control. Moreover, patients from the severe atopic dermatitis group revealed higher IgE levels than those in the mild group. Conclusion: It was concluded that serum IgE can reflect severity of atopic dermatitis whereas serum IFN- y, which does not show significant difference between the mild and severe group, can only be used as a disease marker supplementing clinical features. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39(10): 1067-1071)

Paradigm changes of psoriasis management

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Psoriasis treatment paradigm has changed gradually but obviously over the past decades. Core concept of the new paradigm can be summarized as ‘higher potency’ ‘rapid escalation’ and ‘continuity’ of treatment. The advent of the new paradigm was prompted partly because of dramatic impact that biologics have made in the treatment of psoriasis. But main drive of the change came from the strong voices of the patients themselves. In contrast to several decades ago, fast-acting, potent and relatively safe oral medication such as cyclosporine or methotrexate is now widely used, although long-term treatment with them is not recommended because of major organ toxicities. Innovation in the field of phototherapy for more effective, targeted and even safer devices has also contributed to the emergence of new paradigm. Furthermore, traditional concept of mild to moderate psoriasis has changed. Some even suggests mild psoriasis should be defined as psoriasis involving less than 2% of the total body surface area, much smaller area for mild psoriasis than was suggested a few decades ago. These trends jeopardized the positioning and value of topical treatments that used to be the mainstay for the mild to moderate psoriasis. However, the new trend has not only affected topical treatments. It also undermined the area of conventional systemic agents. While the conventional systemic agents can only offer on-and-off treatment, biologics can allegedly provide long-term or even life-long treatment like other long-term medications in chronic disorders such as diabetes. Patients` voices are the major driver for more potent, rapid escalating and long-lasting treatment. Recent surveys carried out in Europe and US showed that treatment satisfaction level of psoriasis patients is surprisingly low in contrast to the expectation of dermatologists. Major reasons for the dissatisfaction are time consuming nature and lack of efficacy that are mostly attributed to topical treatments. Many psoriasis patients do not want to waste time and effort in doing apparently ineffective topical treatments. Patients` voices that used to be a ‘storm in a teacup’ is now spilling over and steering a new paradigm. Their perspective is now being reflected in the treatment guidelines in the form of QoL-based severity measures. S3 European guideline is a great example by incorporating DLQI in the treatment guideline. In conclusion, we, dermatologists, are being invited to the new world of psoriasis treatment and if we really want to keep our leading role in the management of psoriasis, we should not only be well prepared but also be proactive for the new paradigm.

Sponsored Lecture2 : Importance of adherence and introduction of new solution for psoriasis treatment

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Sponsored Lecture 4 : Topical treatment with two formula compounds in Korean psoriasis patients: efficacy, compliance and importance of vehicle

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Psoriasis is a chronic cutaneous disorder in which immune dysregulation leads to systemic chronic inflammation which again causes abnormalities in skin, joints and metabolic systems. Topical agents, phototherapy, oral agents and biologics can be selected based on the severity of disease. However, as many as 2/3 to 3/4 of the total patients falls into mild psoriasis and this sub-population receives topical therapeutics as a first line therapy. Every dermatologist is familiar with topical agents but it does not mean that the topical therapy that they use is always successful. The reasons of failure of topical treatment are lack of efficacy of the product, failure to identify ideal patients for the therapeutics, and/or adherence of patients. Frequent failure with topical therapy in psoriasis can make the patients question ability and reliability of dermatology as therapeutic resource and it may sometimes prompts dermatologists to go for more aggressive, riskier and also more expensive treatment options. Issues about efficacy of topical agents, whether they are powerful enough or not, have been raised not infrequently in clinics as well as in academia, which motivated recently conducted clinical trial by the Korean Society for Psoriasis. The study obviously demonstrated betamethasone/calcioptriol gel, one of the most recently developed topical therapeutic for body and scalp psoriasis, cleared or almost cleared body psoriasis in almost 60% of the subjects after use of 8 weeks. Moreover, comparing various maintenance methods (continuous application, application as necessary (prn) and weekend application), investigators found out that PRN application is the most optimal way for the maintenance in that efficacy was comparable to continuous application but the amount used was much less than continuous application. The surprisingly high level of success may have been attributed to high level of compliance. Although compliance is an integral part in clinical trials, the implication of the trial should be translated into everyday clinical practices to make your psoriasis management more successful. The other aspect of topical therapy is to find the right choice. Because of the strong and fast action, corticosteroids have been used as a choice topical agent for psoriasis and vitamin D analogues have been adopted because of the long-term safety. Initial attempt to use both agents in parallel gave wayto a newly developed two-ingredient compound for better compliance. However, introduction of two-ingredient compound took a long time because development of special vehicle that can accommodate two ingredients with opposing nature was extremely difficult. So in this case the key player is the vehicle not the active ingredients which had already demonstrated their efficacies. Designing topical agent is not just adding and mixing as we do in our kitchen. It sometimes needs state-of-the-art technology for the optimal environment for the ingredients and for the interactions between ingredients and the skin. For this reason, any future development of topical agent especially compound product including ingredients with opposing nature such as betamethasone/calcioptriol gel needs rigorous scientific validation not only in terms of in vitro characteristics but also in terms of its clinical efficacy and safety issues.

MLSO 4 : Safety in practice: role of MLSO

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.2

Focus 1-2 (FS 1-2) : New therapeutics in psoriasis: new paradigm and new concerns

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Psoriasis treatment paradigm has changed gradually but clearly over the past decades. Core concept of the new paradigm is ‘high potency’ ‘rapid escalation’ and ‘continuity’ of treatment. The advent of the new paradigm was ushered in by biologics and small peptide molecules. Biologics not only proved their enhanced efficacies but they also demonstrated safety on a long-term treatment. Despite eye-catching advances, psoriasis management is far from being complete. Psoriasis, a systemic inflammatory disorder involving multi-systems as well as skin needs all-faceted approaches. The most pressing question is whether biologics can be alleviating or aggravating CV risk. Only TNF-αinhibitors showed their potential in addressing this issue. Although longer-term safety data of biologics look good, these are not truly long-term in light of chronic nature of psoriasis. Truly long-term administration of biologics can substantially increase risks of malignancies and serious infections. From a socioeconomic perspective, biologics is a very expensive treatment for which not only insurers but the whole members of a society should agree to pay. We do not know whether it could remain as a sustainable solution in the long-term. The key is how many of psoriasis patients on biologics can return to their productive lives which in turn contribute to productivity of a society as a whole.

Safety in practice: role of MLSO

이주흥 ( Joo Heung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Laser technology has been introduced since 1980s in the medical as well as surgical fields and now is a critical element of modern medicine. However, safety management of medical laser is still in its early stage in Korea. Medical Laser Safety Officer (MLSO) is a key player in the safe use of medical lasers especially in big hospitals. Although national certification for MLSO is not available in Korea, having such functionality especially in big hospitals is recommended by the KFDA. According to OSHA technical manual (section III, chapter 6), the LSO has the authority to monitor and enforce the control of laser hazards and effect the knowledgeable evaluation and control of laser hazards. The LSO administers the overall laser safety program where the duties include, but are not limited to, items such as confirming the classification of lasers, doing the NHZ evaluation, assuring that the proper control measures are in place and approving substitute controls, approving standard operating procedures (SOP`s), recommending and/or approving eye wear and other protective equipment, specifying appropriate signs and labels, approving overall facility controls, providing the proper laser safety training as needed, conducting medical surveillance, and designating the laser and incidental personnel categories. Because most of laser-related accidents results in eye injuries, practical measures are focused on the protection of eyes of both patients and staffs. However, this does not just involve application of eye protection gear for the patients and staffs. Protective measures start with access control such as authorization of access for the relevant personnel, posting appropriate signs and establishing entry way control measure for the NHZ. Protective eye wear is to be chosen based on wavelength of laser and maximum permissible dose of that particular wavelength. SOPs should be developed and approved so that every step is orderly and logically sequenced for the protection of eyes and skin of patients and staffs.

피부점막 초자질증 4예

이주흥(Joo Heung Ree),박경찬(Kyung Chan Park),이유신(Yoo Shin Lee) 대한피부과학회 1989 대한피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.6

We report four cases of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae. They developed hosrseness in their infancy and all had past history of frequent skin infections with accompanying varioliform scars. On physical examination, all the patients had beaded papules along their eyelid margins, hoarseness, varioliform scars and various skin and mucous membrane infiltrations. Pathologic examinations performed on skin infiltrations and eyelid papules revealed diastase resistant periodic acid Schiff positive materials deposited mainly in upper dermis. We have given three of four patients 1g/day of dimethyl sulphoxide from 6 to 12 months with no significant side effects nor remarkable clinical improvement.