Vermicomposting에 의한 돈분의 처리 -음식물 쓰레기와의 혼합처리-

이주삼,김만중,Lee Ju-Sam,Kim Man-Jung 한국축산환경학회 2006 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Vermicomposting에 의한 돈 분의 처리를 위하여 음식물 쓰레기와의 혼합비율을 달리 했을 때, 지렁이의 생육, 분립생산량, 분립의 화학적 조성 및 지렁이 체 조직으로 전환율과 전환효율 및 분립의 화학적 조성을 조사하여, 돈 분과 음식물 쓰레기의 정적 혼합비율을 추정 하였다. 돈 분 40% 이하의 혼합비율(음식물쓰레기 60-100%)에서는 지렁이의 생존율이 인정되지 않았지만, 돈 분 60-100% 혼합비율의 생존율은 72.7-100%의 범위를 나타내어 매우 높았다. 분립생산량과 분립비율은 돈 분 100% 수준이 80% 수준보다 유의하게 높았지만, 60% 수준과는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 지렁이 분립의 유효인산과 양이온 치환용량과 치환성 칼륨과 마그네슘은 모든 혼합비율에서 높았다. 지렁이에 의한 유기물의 무기화 율은 돈 분 100%와 80%의 수준에서 유의하게 높았고, 전환효율(CE)은 돈 분 60% 혼합비율에서 유의하게 높았다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, vermicomposting에 의한 돈 분의 처리를 위해서는 음식물쓰레기와의 혼합비율을 40% 이하(돈 분 60% 이상)로 혼합하는 것이 유리하였다. The effects of the mixture ratios of swine manure and food wastes when vermicomposed on earthworm(Eisenia foefida) growth, the production amounts and the chemical properties of casts for plant growth media were evaluated to optimal mixture ratio. Earthworms were grown in swine manure, substituted with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 50% and 100% food wastes. All of earthworm grown in swine manure substituted with 60%, 80%, and 100% food wastes died, therefore the process of swine manure substituted with 60%, 80%, and 100% food wastes by vermicomposting were impossible in this experiment. Worm cast produced from swine manure substituted with 0%, 20% and 40% food wastes after vermicomposting sufficiently contained required quantities of available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and cation exchange capacity. The survival rates of earthworm in swine manure substituted with 0% and 40% food wastes was significantly higher than those in swine manure substituted with 20%, 40% food wastes. Casts weight and proportion of casts weight in 100% swine manure were significantly higher than those in swine manure substituted with 20% food wastes, but was no significant difference between those in swine manure substituted with 40% food wastes. Therefore 100% swine manure was estimated to be superior than the others treatments. However an adequate mixture ratio of food wastes for processing mixture of swine manure by vermicomposting was estimated to be 40%. Because there was no significant difference in mean flesh weight, increasing rate, casts weight, proportion of casts weight, and reduction rate of volatile solids among 3 treatments and survival rate and conversion efficiency(CE) in swine manure with substituted 40% food wastes were significantly higher than the other treatments.

지렁이 분립을 첨가한 유기상토가 벼의 유식물체 생육에 미치는 영향 -느타리버섯 폐배지로 생산한 분립의 첨가-

이주삼,김인수,Lee, Ju-Sam,Kim, In-Soo 한국유기농업학회 2009 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

저면도포 무처리구에서 유기상토에 느타리버섯 폐배지로 생산한 분립 4-6%의 첨가비율에서 벼의 유식물체의 생육이 가장 좋았다. 저면도포 처리구에서는 대조구(유기상토 100%)에서 벼의 유식물체의 생육이 가장 좋았는데, 이는 신장된 뿌리가 토양표면에 시용된 분립으로부터 생육에 필요한 양분을 흡수하였기 때문으로 추정된다 따라서 장기간 육묘할 경우에는 유기상토에 분립을 혼합하지 않고 토양표면에 분립 100%를 시용하는 저면도포 방법이 효율적이라고 생각된다. 느타리버섯 폐배지로 생산한 분립은 중금속 함량이 낮아서 안전성이 높고. 양분공급능력이 높은 유기상토재로서 이웅 가능성이 높다고 판단된다. 유기상토의 양분공급능력을 높여 유식물체의 생육을 촉진하기 위해서는 분립과 같은 상토재의 첨가를 통하여 질소함량은 높이고, 탄질율은 낮추는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다. In this paper, we assessed the growth of rice seedlings(Chucheong variety) in commercial organic growth medium that was substituted with different ratios of vermicast of oyster mushroom waste grown under potting alone, and potting and floor layering treatment. The commercial organic growth medium was substituted with vermicast at ratios of control, 2%, 4% and 6%, respectively. The control consisted of commercial organic growth medium alone without vermicast. Incorporation of $4%{\sim}6%$ vermicast of oyster mushroom waste into a commercial organic growth medium enhanced the growth of rice seedlings significantly as compared to commercial organic growth medium alone(control), and 2% amended with vermicast in potting treatment. This results demonstrate that substitution with low ratios of vermicast($4%{\sim}6%$) will promote growth of rice seedlings. The growth of rice seedlings in commercial organic growth medium alone without vermicast was enhanced significantly as compared to the substituted with vermicast in floor layering treatment, it may due to nutrient uptake by elongated root from the vermicast when applied to on the floor layering. Floor layering treatment is an effective method for potting processing of vermicast. The vermicast of oyster mushroom waste should have a high safety and great potential as materials of growth media for increasing plant growth, either as soil conditioner, or as substitution or amendments to commercial organic growth medium. For the enhanced growth of rice seedlings, demand to increase with total nitrogen, and decrease with the carbon and nitrogen ratio(C/N) of commercial organic growth medium supplied by such as vermicast.

Tall Fescue 품종의 환경적응성 IV. 상대경수 출현율당 개체중에 의한 월동성의 평가

이주삼,한성윤,조익환,Lee, Ju-Sam,Han, Sung-Yoon,Jo, Ik-Hwan 한국초지조사료학회 1993 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This experiments was carried out to evaluate the potential winter hardiness of tall fescue varieties based on the data of dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) in mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area. The results obtained were as follows; I . The varieties were classified into 2 groups by dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates (DWIRTAR). Thus, Forager and Fuego belong to the group with more than 2.0 in DW/RTAR but Barcel. Barvetia. Demeter, Enforcer, Johnstone. Safe and Stef belong to the group with less than 2.0 in DW/RTAR respectively. 2. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DM/RTAR) and dry weight of plant(DW) of 1st cutting were significantly positive corrclated with number of heading tillers and dry weight of heading tillers. 3. The dry weight of plant per relative tiller appearance rates(DW/RTAR) was significantly positive correlated with dry weight of plant(DW) of final cutting and of 1st cutting. 4. The varieties with high DW/RTAR showed a high dry weight of plant(DW) of 1st cutting. Accordingly, it was concluded that DW/RTAR is a valuable character for evaluating potential winter hardiness of tall fescue on mountainous pastures of Taekwalyon area.

지렁이의 생육과 분립생산을 위한 적정 인과 칼슘 수준의 추정

이주삼,이필원,Lee, Ju-Sam,Lee, Pil-Won 유기성자원학회 2002 유기물자원화 Vol.10 No.4

본 연구는 vermicomposting에 의하여 한우분을 처리할 경우, 지렁이의 생육과 분립생산에 알맞는 적정한 인과 칼슘의 첨가수준을 추정하였다. 인 2%수준에서 실험 종료시 생체중, 증체속도가 높았지만, 칼슘 첨가수준간에서는 유의한 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 분립의 유효 인 함량과 칼슘함량의 비율은 인 2% 수준에서 1.04-1.20:1의 범위였고, 인 4%수준에서는1.28-1.37:1의 범위를 나타내었다. 유기물의 체 조직으로의 전환율은 인 2%수준에서 0.35%-0.41%의 범위, 4%수준에서는 0.25%-0.40%의 범위를 나타내었다. The purpose of this study was estimate the optimal phosphorus and calcium levels of Korean native cow manure on the growth and cast production of earthworm(Eisenia foetida). Phosphorus and calcium levels supplemented to cow manure were 0%(without earthworm), 2% and 4%, and 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% of the cow manure by weight, respectively. The maximum fresh weight and increasing rate of earthworm were obtained with 2% phosphorus level, but there was not significant differences between calcium levels. The ratios of available phosphorus to calcium contents of cast were 1.04-1.20:1 with 2%, and 1.28-1.37:1 with 4% phosphorus levels. Conversion rate of organic matter to earthworm tissue were 0.35-0.41% with 2%, and 0.25-0.40% with 4% phosphorus levels.

Vermicomposting 에 의한 산업폐기물의 처리 -Ⅰ. 제지 sludge 와 우분의 혼합비율이 붉은 지렁이 ( Lumbricus rubellus ) 의 생육과 분립의 화학적 조성에 미치는 영향 -

이주삼,정재춘,조익환 ( Ju Sam Lee,Jae Chun Chung,Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 1992 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.9 No.1

지렁이 개체군의 최적 사육밀도 추정

이주삼,노진환,박상수,이희충,Lee, Ju-Sam,Noh, Jin-Hwan,Park, Sang-Soo,Lee, Hee-Choong 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

사육밀도를 달리 했을 때 지렁이 개체군의 생체량 증가를 위한 최적 사육밀도를 추정하려고 하였다. 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 사육밀도 S-2과 S-3에서 상대증체량, 생체중 증가율과 유기물 전환효율이 높은 값을 나타내어, 지렁이 개체군의 최대 생체량을 얻기 위한 최적 사육밀도로 추정되었다. 이를 지렁이 생체중과 먹이량의 비율로 나타내면 1:32-1:48의 범위였다. 2. 사육밀도 S-1(1:16)에서 모든 조사시기의 분립생산량이 유의하게 많았고 분립비율도 유의하게 높았다($$P{\leq_-}0.05$$). 3. 사육밀도 S-3(1:48)에서 지렁이 생체중당 난포수와 분립생산량이 가장 많았다($$P{\leq_-}0.05$$). 4. 사육밀도가 높아지고 사육기간이 길어짐에 따라 분립의 전 질소함량, 유효인산함량, 양이온치환능력(CEC) 및 양이온 함량이 증가되는 경향이었다. 5. 유기농업에서 지렁이 분립은 상토 재와 토양개량제 및 작물보호를 위한 농자재로서 잠재적 유용성은 매우 높다고 판단된다. This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimal stocking rate of earthworm populations grown under different stocking rates. The stocking rate in terms of ratio of biomass of earthworms to biomass of feeds(organic resources) is an important factors for biomass productivity of earthworms and vermicast production. The different stocking rates were 1:16(S-1), 1:32(S-2), 1:48(S-3) and 1:64(S-4), as the ratios of biomass of earthworm to biomass of organic dairy cow manure, respectively. The stocking rate of 1:32(S-2) and 1:46(S-3) were obtained a higher values on increasing rates and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm biomass than other stocking rates. Thus, a stocking rates of 1:32 and 1:46 estimated an optimal stocking rates for maximum biomass productivity of earthworms. A stocking rate of 1:16(S-1) showed a significantly highest values of vermicast production and ratios of vermicasts during the rearing periods.($$P{\leq_-}0.05$$) A stocking rate of 1:48(S-3) showed a highest values of the number of cocoons and vermicasts production per earthworm biomass among the treatment ($$P{\leq_-}0.05$$) The contents of nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with stocking rate and rearing progressed. Vermicasts have a great deal of potential for crop production and protection in sustainable organic cropping systems.

Vermicompositing에 의한 우분의 처리 -먹이의 탄질율과 사육밀도가 지렁이의 생육과 분립의 생산에 미치는 영향-

이주삼,Lee, Ju-Sam 한국축산환경학회 1995 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This experiment was carried out to the effects of population density and C/N ratios of feed on the growth, reproductive effciency and cast producation of the earthworm(Eisenia foetida). The population densities of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 individuals of the earthworm fed with different C/N ratios of 25, 35, 45 and 55 cow manures were studied in rearing box($6,400cm^3$), and at the fertility stage during a period of 60 days. The results were summarized as follows; The survial rate(SR), increasing rate(IR), reproductive efficiency(RE) and cast production of the earthworms showed highest values in C/N ratio of 25. These results may indicate that C/N ratio of 25 is a very favourable feed for the growth of the earthworms. The survial rate(SR) indicated significant positive correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different C/N ratios of feeds. The survial rate(SR) showed highest values in population densities of $50{\sim}100$ worms/$6,400cm^3(64.0{\sim}128.0cm^3/worm$). On the contrary, increasing rate(IR) tended to decreased with the increased population densities. The survival rate(SR) indicated significant negative correlation with reproductive efficiency(RE) in different population densities of the earthworms. The cast production estimated were $31.6mg{\sim}67.4mg/day/worm$ grown in optimum population densities($50{\sim}100\;worms/6,400cm^3$). The earthworm casting are an excellent soil conditioning material or organic fertilizer sources with a high chemical composition and their physical properties.

에티오피아 Tigray주(州) Hawzen군(郡) 소재 밀레니엄 마을(MV)과 비밀레니엄 마을 (Non-MV)의 곡물생산 현황 및 식량자급능력 비교

이주삼(Lee, Ju-Sam),백인립(Paek, In-Rib),이태정(Lee, Tae Jeong),김판석(Kim, Pan-Suk),박현수(Park, Hyunsoo) 한국아프리카학회 2013 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.40 No.-

본 연구는 에티오피아 Tigray주(州)의 Hawzen 지역에서 MVP가 진행되고 있는 마을 중 Koraro와 Selam에서 20개 농가 그리고 non-MV 중의 하나인 Shelewa에서 20개 농가를 표본으로 하여 MV와 non-MV의 토양표본을 분석하고, 농업현황에 따른 칼로리와 단백질의 자급률을 추정하여 식량자급능력을 비교 평가하였다. 또한 농업생산량에 기초하여 가축사육의 지속 가능성을 비교 평가하였다. 분석결과 2011년 현재 주요 곡물의 단위면적당 평균 생산량은 MV의 생산성이 non-MV의 생산성을 약 8% 상회하고 있다. 생산성 차이에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인 중 화학비료, 살충제, 제초제 등 생산요소의 투입량은 거의 차이가 없는 반면, 토양은 MV가 non-MV에 비해 약간 우월한 특성을 갖고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 그러므로 생산량 격차의 작은 일부는 토양비옥도의 차이로 설명할 수 있겠으나 MVP 사업의 효과라고 보기 어려운 면이 있다. 한편, 칼로리와 단백질 자급률은 MV가 non-MV 보다 약간 높지만, 칼로리와 단백질 부족 농가의 비중은 큰 차이가 없었다. MV와 non-MV 모두 농가의 영양부족을 해소하기 위해서는 단위면적당 식량작물의 생산량 증대가 요구된다. 또한, 가축사육을 위한 조사료 자급률의 측면에 있어 2011년을 기준으로 보았을 때 MV와 non-MV 사이에 큰 차이가 없으며 열악하다. 따라서 MVP와 non-MV 모두 가축사육을 위한 조사료의 생산능력의 확대가 이루어지지 않을 경우 지속가능성이 없는 것으로 판단된다. In this research we compare the current state of agriculture of the two MVs, Koraro and Selam with that of a non-MV, Shelewa. We also evaluate the self-sufficiency of food of those three villages. For that purpose, we interviewed 20 households in MVs and another 20 households in a non-MV, and took soil samples to analyze soil physico-chemical properties of each village. By comparing the minimum requirement for calories and proteins with what each household can produce at the household level, we evaluate the extent of self-sufficiency of food. Also by comparing the amount of potential crop residues with the forage requirement for livestock, we assess the prospects of sustainable cattle raising in these villages. We found that in 2011 the agricultural productivity in MVs is higher than that of a non-MV by 8%. A part of gap in the productivity may be explained by the difference in soil characteristics. However, there seems to be no significant difference in the amount of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. This finding indicates that the productivity gap between the MVs and a non-MV may not be attributed to MVP activities. We also found that the production of grains in both MVs and a non-MV falls short of what is required for the minimum calories and proteins. However, self-sufficiency rate of food is a little higher in MVs than in a non-MV. In this sense we may say that the poverty in a non-MV is more severe. Because the forage requirements for livestock are much larger than the amount of potential crop residues, the cattle raising in these villages may not be sustained if the current situation is left unfixed.

유기농산물 생산을 위한 퇴비시용이 무의 품질과 토양의 이화학성에 미치는 영향

이주삼(Ju-sam Lee),장기운(Ki-woon Chang),조성현(Sung-hyun Cho),오진걸(Jin-gul Oh) 한국토양비료학회 1996 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Chitosan 혼합토양에 대한 목초의 생육반응

이주삼 ( Ju Sam Lee ),조익환 ( Ik Hwan Jo ),전하준 ( Ha Joon Jun ) 한국유기농업학회 1997 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

In order to investigate the growth response of grasses to chitosan solution amended soil were studied from the standpoint of estimating the growth stimulating adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil in each grass. Three species in this experiment used were orchardgrass, tall fescue and reed canarygrass. Six different concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil were 0%(control), 01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%, respectively. The resulte obtained were as follows ; 1. Leaf area(LA), dry weight of leaf(LW), dry weight of shoot(SHW), biological yield(BY), C/F ratio and T/R ratio were significantly different between species. 2. Growth stimulating effect by chitosan solution amended soil were found in plant length(PL) and T/R ratios of grasses. 3. Adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil were different between species. The highest values of yield components and dry weight of plant parts were obtained at 0.01% in orchardgrass, 0,05% in reed canarygrass and 1.0% in tall fescue, respectively. 4. The growth response of grasses to chitosan solution amended soil were different between species. Thus, an increase in leaf area(LA) and dry weight of leaf(LW) by chitosan solution amended soil was mainly contributed to increase in dry weight of shoot(SHW) and biological yield(BY) in orchardgrass. Chitosan solution amended soil also stimulated growth of shoot and increased in biological yield(BY) in tall fescue. In reed canarygrass contributed to increase in C/F ratios. 5. Adequate concentrations of chitosan solution amended soil for an economical benefit of cultivation and dry matter production of grasses were ranged from 01% to 0.05% levels.