태아시기의 방사선 노출에 의한 마우스 뇌 발달에 미치는 영향에 관한 형태학적 연구

이종환,오헌,김세라,이해준,김태환,이윤실,김성호,Lee, Jong-hwan,Oh, Heon,Kim, Se-ra,Lee, Hae-june,Kim, Tae-hwan,Lee, Yun-sil,Kim, Sung-ho 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.3

The present study analyze the morphological aspects of the cerebrum of mice with prenatal exposure to high and low dose (0.5, 1, 2 Gy) of $\gamma$-radiation on gestation day 12 or 16. The animal were allowed to give birth and the offspring were sacrificed at postnatal days 28 for gross and microscopic examination of cerebrum. Their body weight, brain weight, brain length, brain width, cortical thickness and area of cingulum bundle were examined. The histological and planimetric analysis were performed observing coronal sections. The gross malfomation (microcephaly) and abnormality of cortical architecture were prominent after exposure to 2 Gy on day 12 of gestation. significant dose-related reductions in body weight, brain weight, brain size were found in all irradiated groups. A significant change was found in thickness of the cerebral cortex and area of the cingulum bundle in the groups exposed to 0.5 Gy or more. There was no difference a lamina patter of six layers in cerebral cortex between the control and irradiated groups, but cell packing density increased significantly in the group exposed to 1 Gy or more. These results suggested that dose as low as 0.5 Gy could cause a morphologically reduce change in developing mouse cerebrum and exposure on day 12 of gestation to $\gamma$-irradiation is a particularly sensitive phase in causing malformation and abnormality of central nerve system.

전력비 변화에 따른 Au Multilayer 위에 증착한 GZOB 박막의 특성

이종환,유현규,이규일,이태용,강현일,김응권,송준태,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Yu, Hyun-Kyu,Lee, Kyu-Il,Lee, Tae-Yong,Kang, Hyun-Il,Kim, Eung-Kwon,Song, Joon-Tae 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.21 No.11

We investigated the effects of power ratio on the electrical and optical properties of Au based Ga-, B- codoped ZnO(GZOB) thin films. GZOB thin films were deposited on Au based poly carbonate(PC) substrate with various power in the range from 60 to 120 W by DC magnetron sputtering. In the result, GZOB films at 100 W exhibited a low resistivity value of $1.12\times10^{-3}\Omega-cm$, and a visible transmission of 80 % with a thickness of 300 nm. This result indicated that the addition of Ga and B in ZnO films leads to the improvement of conductivity and transparent. From the result, we can confirm the possibility of the application as transparent conductive electrodes.

Special Issues - NDIS 기반의 Mobile 배전설계시스템 개발 및 활용

이종환,Lee, Jong-Hwan 대한전기협회 2010 전기저널 Vol.- No.407

Differential Expression of Chemokine MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2 in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Neonatal and Adult Rat Brain

이종환,Lee, Jong-Hwan Korean Society of Life Science 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

외부 병원체의 침입에 의한 병원독소로 발병된 뇌염증에서 미성숙뇌는 성숙뇌에서 보다 많은 백혈구의 침윤을 일으킨다. 케모카인은 뇌염증부위로 염증세포의 침윤을 매개하는 물질이다. 본 연구는 미성숙뇌의 뇌염증에서 백혈구침윤의 기전을 연구하기 위하여 내독소로 유발된 뇌염증에서 케모카인의 일종인 MCP-1, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, MIP-2의 발현을 연구하였다. 신생쥐와 성숙쥐의 미상핵 국소에 LPS $(0.5\;{\mu}g/{\mu}l)$를 정위주사 한 후 시간대별로 RT-PCR과 면역조직화학검사을 통하여 각각 mRNA상과 단백질상에서의 발현을 비교분석하였다. 광학현미경상 LPS 주입 후 6 시간 후부터 주사부위의 염증세포의 침윤이 시작되었으며 24 시간 후에 가장 뚜렷한 현상을 보였다. RT-PCR 결과, MCP-1, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, MIP-2 mRNA 발현은 24 시간 때에 최고치를 나타냈었다. 미성숙뇌의 각 케모카인의 mRNA발현은 성숙뇌에 비해 MCP-1은 약 2.6배, $MIP-1{\alpha}$는 약 1.4배, MIP-2는 약 1.2배 발현양이 더 많다. 면역조직화학검사는 광학현미경결과와 RT-PCR결과와 상응하여 각 케모카인들이 24 시간 때에 가장 양성반응이 뚜렷이 나타났다. 이러한 현상은 뇌염증에서 백혈구의 침윤은 케모카인을 생성하는 소교세포, 성상세포, 내피세포 등의 영향을 받는 기전에 의하여 조절되었다는 것을 나타내며 이들 케모카인 형성환경의 역할을 명확히 밝히고 질병의 진행에서 케모카인의 활성을 조정하는 방법을 연구하면 향후 뇌염증을 포함한 여러 가지질환에서 신경세포의 손상을 막는 치료법의 개발이 가능하게 될 것이다. Severe brain injuries induced by toxin pose one of the most important problems on our health care because of their high morbidity and mortality, are implicated to leucocyte infiltration more premature or immature brain than mature brain. Chemokines are the induction meditators for infiltration of inflammatory cells to the inflammation sites. In order to study the mechanism of leucocyte infiltration, the expression of several chemokines, MCP-1, $MIP-1{\alpha}$ and MIP-2 was studied in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated neonatal and adult brain. One week old Sprague-Dawley rats or adult male rats weighing 300-350 g were used for the experiment. After anesthetization, $1\;{\mu}l$ LPS (0.5 mg/ml) subsequently was injected in the right caudate nucleus of the brain with stereotaxic frame. Animals were sacrificed at 6 hours, 24 hours, and 72 hours after injection. The present study was carried out using RT-PCR for the mRNA and immunohistochemistry for the expression of the proteins. In the neonatal rat brain, prominent interstitial edema with significant accumulation of leukocytes was detected at 24 and 72 hours after LPS injection. A semiquantitative analysis of RT-PCR revealed that the MCP-1, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, and MIP-2 mRNA expression peaked at 24 hours in neonatal and adult rat brain. Neonatal rats showed about 2.6, 1.4, and 1.2 times more expression of the MCP-1, $MIP-1{\alpha}$, and MIP-2 than that of the adult rats in the brain tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that MCP-1 immunoreactivity was paralleled with the RT-PCR results. MCP-1 protein was significantly detected at 24 and 72 hours in the brain parenchyma. $MIP-1{\alpha}$protein was highly expressed at 24 hours. The results of leukocyte infiltration in H&E stain was parallelled with that of the immunohistochemistry. Chemokine proteins were markedly detected at 24 hours after injection of LPS and neutrophil influx into intraparenchymal was prominent at 24 hours. These results suggest that the leukocyte infiltration in the intracranial infection may be controlled by mechanisms influenced by chemokine producing cells in the central nervous system such as microglia, astrocyte and endothelial cell.

경비업법 제7조 제1항 "관리권 범위"에 대한 법적 해석

이종환,이민형,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Lee, Min-Hyung 한국경호경비학회 2011 시큐리티연구 Vol.- No.26

Security Business Act of Korea is leaning toward the aspect of regulation, while it provides few provisions about vesting the authority, which causes problems such as legal loopholes to be raised in regard to the rules about authorizing the private security personnel to perform security affairs properly and defining the limit of power. So, it should be done to interpret the law in order to draw the legal basis of empowering as well as to set limits of the authority of security main agent, and Article 7, Section 1, of Security Business Act is the very provision that involves the legal basis. In the scope of 'Management Power', the statutory authority in the first clause of Article 7 of Security Business Act, the security personnel can use force for self-defense, defense of others and property, and prevention of crimes. In addition, the powers of interrogation, access control, and eviction notice are involved in its scope. The private security personnel as the occupation assistant can take precautions and if the infringement on the benefit and protection of the law is imminent or done, he or she can use force within the limits of the passive resistance and the means of defiance on the basis of 'Management Power'. The private security personnel, however, can exercise the force only if the necessary conditions of legal defense, emergency evacuation, and legitimate act of criminal law are fulfilled. 경비업법의 주요 내용을 살펴보면, 경비업에 대한 규제적 측면에 치우쳐 있으며, 구체적인 권한 부여에 관한 규정이 명확히 제시되어 있지 않다. 이것은 경비업무을 실질적으로 수행하고 있는 경비원의 권한에 대한 근거 규정의 미비와 그러한 권한의 한계를 명확히 설정하지 못하는 문제를 야기하게 된다. 이에 따라 경비업법상 경비업 주체의 업무 수행의 한계를 부여함과 동시에 경비업무의 원활한 수행을 담보할 수 있는 권한 근거 규정을 도출할 수 있는 해석이 이루어져야 하며, 그러한 단서를 제공하는 것이 경비업법 제7조 제1항의 "관리권"이라 할 수 있다. 경비업법에 규정된 관리권의 범위에는 점유권에 기한 자력구제권을 근거로 하여 자력방위 및 자력탈환권이 포함되며, 사실적 지배행위로서 정지 및 질문권, 출입통제 및 퇴거요구권, 물품 검색 반입 보류 및 금지권 등이 인정된다고 할 것이다. 점유보조자의 지위에서 경비원은 관리권으로부터 도출될 수 있는 사전예방 활동을 할 수 있으며, 이러한 예방활동에도 불구하고 법익 침해가 예상되거나 이루어진 경우 관리권에 근거하여, 소극적 저항행위와 저항수단으로서의 유형력 범위 안에서 실력으로 침해를 저지 할 수 있다. 그리고 그러한 물리적 유형력을 행사하기 위해서는 형법상 위법성조각사유인 정당방위 긴급피난 정당행위의 요건을 구비하여야 한다.

영아내사시에서 술 후 장기관찰상 양호한 양안시를 기대하려면?

이종환,백혜정.Jong Hwan Lee. MD. Hae Jung Paik. MD. PhD 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.2

Purpose: To analyze pre- and post-operative factors associated with favorable long-term sensory outcome after surgical correction for infantile esotropia. Methods: This study retrospectively examined 40 patients with infantile esotropia who underwent surgery from January 2000 to December 2010. Clinical characteristics analyzed included age at onset, age at surgery, mean preoperative deviation, amblyopia on initial visit, other associated strabismus (Inferior oblique overaction (IOOA), dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), latent nystagmus), initial and subsequent postoperative motor alignment at 1-week and 2-year follow-up, recurrence rate, and stereopsis. Long-term sensory outcome was categorized as favorable (≤400 arcsec) or unfavorable (>400 arcsec). Results: The mean follow-up period was 92.53 ± 46.46 months. There were 19 patients (47.5%) in the favorable group and 21 (52.5%) in the unfavorable group. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to age at onset or surgery, presence of amblyopia, and prevalence of IOOA and DVD, latent nystagmus, or initial postoperative alignment at 1-week. There was a tendency towards worse binocularity with larger preoperative angles of esodeviation, but it was not significant. Binocularity was significantly higher among those who had surgery at age ≤24 months than at age >24 months. Orthotropic alignment within ±10 PD at 2-year follow-up was 68.4% in the favorable group and 38.1% in the unfavorable group. Reoperation was performed on 8 patients (38.1%) in the unfavorable group and no patients (0.0%) in the favorable group. Conclusions: Surgical correction of infantile esotropia within the first 2 years of life and maintenance of orthotropic alignment within ±10 PD without additional surgery with a minimum follow-up of 2 years may be associated with favorable long-term sensory outcome in infantile esotropia. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(2):271-277

한국재래산양의 태아 및 신생아의 제4위 발달에 관하여

이종환,허찬권,김종섭,곽수동,Lee, Jong-hwan,Huh, Chan-kwen,Kim, Chong-sup,Kwak, Soo-dong 대한수의학회 1994 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

The development of abomasum in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The abomasum wall appeared to be differentiated into the epithelium, lamina propria, muscle layer, and serosa at 60 days of gestation. The epithelium was stratified columnar and these nuclei were located near the apical two thirds portion of the cell at 60 days of gestation, and then transformed into simple columnar epithelium with the flat basal nuclei. 2. The inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle layers were observed at 90 days of gestation and the blood vessels had become quite well developed as various arterioles, venules and capillaries of different size during this age. 3. Gastric pits were seen at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase depth during gestation. 4. The mucous, parietal and chief cells appeared in epithelium at 90 days of gestation and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. In 120 days fetuses and neonates, muscle layer had become very thickeness. 5. Scanning electron microscopically, the inner surface of the abomasum already consisted of wavy spiral folds which had many fine wrinkles at 60 days of gestation. In 90 day old fetuses, each spiral fold was enlarged and its surface was tended to be split into many straight longitudinal ridges and among these ridge were found shallow grooves, At 120 days, the subdivided swellings of ridges were progressively complicated in shape. In the neonates, the inner surface was flat and holed with many gastric pits. 6. Transmission electron microscopically, the epithelium was straified columnar and these nuclei were irregular shape at 60 days fetus. The parietal, chief and mucous cells were observed in 90 day old fetuses and continued gradually to increase in number during gestation. 7. The development of the abomasum was relatively slow at early stages, it was accelerated greatly in the last of gestation.

고병원성 조류인플루엔자(HPAI) 현장 방역

이종환,Lee, Jong-Hwan 대한수의사회 2008 대한수의사회지 Vol.44 No.11

이번 고병원성조류인플루엔자(이하 HPAI로 기술)는 2008년 4월 1일 우리 전라북도 김제시 용지면 산란계 밀집 사육지역에서 시작하여 5월 12일 경북 경산시 토종닭 농장을 끝으로 11개 시 도 19개 시 군 구에서 총 33건이 발생되어 2,6410억원의 경제적 피해가 발생하였다. 우리 전라북도는 최초 발생농가를 포함 4개 시 군(익산, 정읍, 김제, 순창)에서 17건(닭13, 오리 4)이 발생하여 전국에서 HPAI발생이 가장 많았던 도로 남는 불명예를 안게 되었다. 이에 막대한 경제적 피해가 다시 발생하지 않도록 HPAI의 현장 방역에 대해 나름대로 경험한 것과 느꼈던 것들을 사례별로 기술하고자 한다.

변증록(辨證錄) 권지십일(卷之十一)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

이종환,김주태,김상운,엄동명,이시형,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Kim, Joo-Tae,Kim, Sang-Un,Eom, Dong-Myung,Lee, Si-Hyeong 대한한의정보학회 2011 大韓韓醫情報學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

The topic of this study is the translation of "Byun Jeung Rok Vol.XI(辨證錄十一卷)". Byun Jeung Rok is a complete book of medicine which was written by Jin Sa tak(陣士鐸) in the early years of the Ching dynasty. Of this, the eleventh volume is composed of 6 disease-patterns(病證) and 41 subtopics. The organized characteristics of "Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄) Vol.XI" is as follows. Chapter 1 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Hysterorrhea(帶下病). It explains five color Hysterorrhea; white, red, black, yellow and blue. Chapter 2 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Oligemic Menoschesis(血枯). It explains two cases of Menoschesis. Chapter 3 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Metrorrhagia(血崩). It explains eight cases of Metrorrhagia. Chapter 4 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Dysmenorrhea(月經不調). It explains fourteen cases of Dysmenorrhea. Chapter 5 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Infertilitas(不姙). It explains ten cases of Infertilitas. Chapter 6 refers to the symtom, agent and prescription of Hyperemesis(惡阻). It explains two cases of Hyperemesis. Obviously the Byun Jeung Rok(辨證錄) is one of the very important texts in the oriental medicine. But there is no exact Korean translation, so I study this six chapters and translate them into Korean. Finally, I hope this thesis can be an aid of development in the knowledge informatization of Korean medicine.

결합 선로를 이용한 평판 구조의 Marchand 발룬의 합성

이종환,염경환,Lee Jong-Hwan,Yeom Kyung-Whan 한국전자파학회 2005 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.16 No.2

평판형 결합 선로를 이용한 Marchand 발룬의 합성 기법을 제시하였다. 이러한 형태의 발룬이 갖추어야할 설계 조건에 대해서 살펴보고, 설계 조건에 부합하는 발룬의 합성을 전송선 등가회로를 통해 간편하게 모델링 할 수 있음을 보였다. 합성된 발룬은 equi-ripple 대역 통과 특성을 나타내고, 일반적 인 평판 구조에서 구현하기 어려운 평형 선로 없이도 크기가 같고 위상이 반대인 평형 신호를 얻을 수 있다. 결합 선로를 이용한 Marchand 발룬의 구현에 많이 사용되는 다중 결합 선로의 물리적 구조와 발룬의 합성에 필요한 요소값들 사이의 관계를 해석하는 방법도 소개하였다. 이상의 방법들을 이용하면 평판 구조의 다중 결합 선로를 갖는 Marchand 발룬의 체계적인 설계가 가능하다. The synthesis procedure of Marchand balun using planar coupled-line is presented. The design limitations of this type of balun have been described before its synthesis procedure. The balun has equi-ripple passband responses and balanced output without fourth balanced transmission line which is difficult to implement with conventional planar topology. As an example, 2:1 Marchand balun is designed and its momentum simulation result show good verification fur this methodology.