수종토양중(數種土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA 및 TCAB의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(제2보(劑二報)) -$^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ 및 $^{14}C-TCAB$ 의 분해(分解)-

이재구,후르니에,Lee, Jae-Koo,Fournier, J.C. 한국응용생명화학회 1978 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.21 No.2

불란서(佛蘭西)의 수종(數種) 토양중(土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA 및 TCAB의 변화과정을 구명하기 위하여 환표식(環標識)된 $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ 및 $^{14}C-TCAB$를 사용하여 실험을 행(行)한 바 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. (1) $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$가 $^{14}CO_2$로 분해(分解)되는 속도(速度)는 배양초기(培養初期)에는 비교적(比較的) 빠르고 후기(後期)에는 완만하다. 배양 6개월 후(後)에 alkaline soil(pH=7.9)에서 dose 1(1.5 ppm)에서 최고(最高) 6.5%, dose 2(94 ppm)에서 최하(最下) 1.92%의 분해율(分解率)을 보였다. organic acid soil(pH=5.5)의 경우 dose 1에서 4.91%, dose 2에서 4.24%가 분해(分解)되었으며 양자간(兩者間)에는 대차(大差)가 없었다. (2) Dose 1로 3,4-DCA를 6개월동안 배양할 때 organic acid soil에서는 47.70%, Alkaline soil에서는 29.49%가 토양에 결합되었다. 한편 dose 2의 경우 organic acid soil에서는 38.40%, alkaline soil에서는 20.30%가 결합(結合)되었다. (3) 토양중(土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA로부터 생성(生成)되는 TC-AB의 양(量)은 토양(土壤)의 종류(種類)보다는 3,4-DCA의 사용농도(使用濃度)에 의존(依存)하는것 같다. dose 2에서 생성(生成)된 TCAB의 양(量)은 organic acid soil에서는 추출액(抽出液)의 총방사능(總放射能)의 50%, alkaline soil에서는 30%에 해당하며 이것은 토양시료(土壤試料)에 첨가한 최초(最初)의 방사능(放射能)의 1.8%와 1.4%에 각각(各各) 해당된다. 반면 dose 1에서는 추출액(抽出液)의 총방사능(總放射能)에 비(比)하여 두 토양(土壤) 공(共)히 $2{\sim}3%$를 넘지 못하며 최초(最初)의 총방사능(總放射能)의 $0.05{\sim}0.1%$를 초과(超過)하지 못한다. (4) $^{14}C-TCAB$가 $^{14}CO_2$로 분해(分解)되는 속도(速度)는 매우 느리며 배양 6개월후에 4종(四種)의 토양(土壤)에서 모두 $0.05%{\sim}0.20%$의 분해율(分解率)을 보였고 배양 3개월후에 뚜렷한 분해산물(分解産物)을 검출(檢出)할 수 없었으며 대부분(大部分) 미분해(未分解)된 상태로 존재(存在)하였다. (5) Alkaline soil에서 다른 토양에서 보다 훨씬 많은 양(量)의 $^{14}C-TCAB$가 토양중(土壤中)에 흡착(吸着)된 것으로 보아 Alkali토양 조건하에서 $trans-TCAB{\rightarrow}cis-TCAB$의 전환(轉換)이 일어나 이 흡착성이 더 강한 cis 이성체(異性體)가 토양중(土壤中)에 많이 흡착(吸着)된 것으로 생각(生覺)된다. In an attempt to elucidate the fate of 3,4-DCA and TCAB in various French soils, uniformly $^{14}C-ring-labeled$ 3,4-DCA and TCAB mere utilized and the following results obtained. 1) The rate of breakdown of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ into $^{14}CO_2$ was relatively higher in the early stage than that in the later stage. In 6 months of incubation in alkaline soil (pH 7.9), the rate was as high as 6.5% at dose 1 (1.5 ppm) and as low as 1.92% at dose 2(94 ppm), whereas in organic acid soil (pH 5.5) the rate was 4.91% at dose 1 and 4.24% at dose 2, respectively, without making any great difference between the two levels. 2) At dose 1, 47.70% of the initial radioactivity of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ was bound to soil in organic acid soil and 29.49% bound in alkaline soil, whereas at dose 2, 38.40% in organic acid soil and 20.30% in alkaline soil, respectively. 3) The amount of formation of $^{14}C-TCAB$ from $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$ seems to depend largely on the concentration of 3,4-DCA applied rather than on soil types. At dose 2, the amount was 50% of the total radioactivity extracted in organic acid soil and 30% in alkaline soil, corresponding to 1.8% and 1.4% of the initial radioactivity applied to soil, respectively. Cis-TCAB also seemed to be formed at dose 2 in both soils. Meanwhile, at dose 1, even though $^{14}C-TCAB$ was detected in trace on tlc and glc in both soils, the amount does not exceed 2 to 3% of the radioactivity extracted, corresponding to 0.05 to 0.1% of the initial radioactivity. 4) The rate of breakdown of $^{14}C-TCAB$ into $^{14}CO_2$ ranged from 0.05 to 0.20% in all the four soils. Most of the applied $^{14}C-TCAB$ remained intact after 3 months, not producing any detectable metabolites. 5) The fact that much more $^{14}C-TCAB$ was adsorbed to alkaline soil than to the other soils strongly indicates that in alkaline condition trans-isomer was converted tocisisomer which has the higher adsorption affinity than the former.

토영사상균(土壤絲狀菌) Chaetomium globosum에 의(依)한 3,4-Dichloroaniline의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제1보(第一報) -특(特)히 Acetylation을 중심(中心)으로-

이재구,김기철,Lee, Jae-Koo,Kim, Ki-Cheol 한국응용생명화학회 1978 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.21 No.3

3,4-DCA의 미생물(徵生物)에 의(依)한 분해기구(分解機構)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 토양사상균(土壤絲狀菌) C. globasum과 배양(培養)하여 다음의 結果를 얻었다. 1. 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide가 주(主)된 대사산물(代謝産物)로 밝혀졌으며 이는 Acetylation이 주된 대사경로(代謝經路)임을 시사(示唆)해 준다. 2. 소량(少量) 생성(生成)된 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, TCAB, 3,4-dichlorophenylhydroxylamine, 그리고 3.4-DCA의 존재(存在)는 부차적(副次的)인 경로(經路)로 방향족(芳香族) A-mine의 산화(酸化)를 암시(暗示)해 준다. 3. m/e 112, 114 및 279인 대사산물(代謝産物)이 분리(分離)되었으나 이들의 구조(構造)는 계속 연구중(究硏中)이다. 4. 배양중(培養中) 발생(發生)하는 탈염소(脫鹽素) 반응(反應)은 수산화(水酸化) 및 기타(其他) 대사산물(代謝産物)의 형성(形成) 가능성(可能性)을 시사(示唆)해 준다. In order to investigate mechanisms related to the microbial degradation of 3,4-dichloroaniline, it was incubated with a soil fungus, Chaetomium globosum and the following results were obtained. (1) 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide turned out to be the major metabolite, indicating that acetylation is the major scheme. (2) The presence of trace amounts of 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachloroazo-benzene, 3,4-dichloroaniline is suggestive of the aromatic amine oxidation as the minor pathway. (3) Other metabolites with m/e 112, 114, and 279 were also isolated, but their identities are under investigation. (4) Dechlorination occurring during incubation indicates the possibility of forming hydroxylated and other metabolites.

Exercise Physiology : Swimming - induced Influences on Bone Density of Postmenopausal Women

이재구,안의수 ( Jae Koo Lee,Eue Soo Ann ) 한국체육학회 1993 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1993 No.-

자연과학 - Disciplinary Sport Physiology - : MRI 분석에 의한 신체 분절 및 전신의 조성비 평가

이재구,최무섭,김태영,명성호 ( Jae Koo Lee,Moo Sub Choi,Tae Young Kim,Sung Ho Myung ) 한국체육학회 1995 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1995 No.-

Degradation of the Herbicide Alachlor by Soil Microorganisms II. Synthesis and Phytotoxicity of Major Degradation Products

이재구,Lee, Jae-Koo The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 1984 한국환경농학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Alachlor의 토양중 분해산물인 2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide(분해산물 1)와 2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethrl) acetanilide (분해산물 2)를 합성하였다. 분해산물 1은 실온에서 아연분말 존재하에 alachlor를 3N-염산과 반응시켜서 얻었고 분해산물 2는 alachlor를 중탄산소다의 포화용액과 $90^{\circ}C$에서 78시간 반응시켜 합성하였다. 분해산물 2는 $5{\times}10^{-4}M$와 $1{\times}10^{-3}M$의 농도에서 특히 어린벼에 alachlor와 거의 같은 독성을 보인 반면 분해산물 1은 그 약효를 상실하였다. 따라서 alachlor 구조중의 염소원자를 수산기로 치환해도 alachlor의 식물독성은 별 영향을 받지 않으나 수소원자로 치환할 경우는 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. Two of the degradation products of alachlor in soil. product 1, 2,6-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide and product 2,2-hydroxy-2',6'-diethyl-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide were synthesized from alachlor reacting with 3N-hydrochloric acid in the presence of zinc powder at room temperature and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution at $90^{\circ}C$ for 78 hr, respectively. At the concentrations of both $5{\times}10^{-4}M\;and\;1{\times}10^{-3}M$, product 2 exhibited almost the same phytotoxicity to rice seedlings, in particular, as alachlor, whereas product 1 lost its phytotoxic effectiveness. It seems that substitution of chlorine atom by hydroxyl group did not affect the phytotoxicity of alachlor, whereas substitution by hydrogen atom did.

Disciplinary Session 8 / Sport Physiology / Physiological Effects of Physical Training : 유도 및 태권도 여자 선수들의 골밀도

이재구,조현철,김경수,박종현,정동근 ( Jae Koo Lee,Hyun Churl Cho,Kyung Soo Kim,Chong Hyun Park,Dong Kun Jung ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.2

Impact of the T102C Polymorphism in the Serotonin 2A Receptor Geneon Body Composition, Blood Lipid Profile, and Fitness Factorsafter Combined Exercise in the Middle Aged Women for 12 Weeks

이재구(Jae Koo Lee),김성민(Sung Min Kim),강병용(Byung Yong Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.43

본 연구는 12주간 중년여성의 복합운동이 5-HTR2A(5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A)유전자 다형성 특성에 따라 신체조성, 혈중지질 및 체력요인에 미친 영향을 구명하는데 있다. 본 연구의 대상자들은 중년여성 37명이었으며, 5HTR2A유전자 T102C 다형성 분석은 PCR-RFLP 방법으로 수행하였다. 중년여성들의 5HTR2A 다형성분포는 TT 37.8%, TC 32.4%, CC 29.7%로 나타났다.12주간 복합운동 후, 신체조성과 근력요인들에서는 유의한 변화가 인식되었으나, 혈중지질성분들에서는 그렇지 않았다. 또한 5-HTR2A 유전자 다형성 특성에 따른 집단 간에서도 모든 측정변인들에서 유의한 차이는 인식되지 않았다. 다만 집단별 특성으로 CC집단에서 체지방이 유의하게 1% 감소하여, TT 및 CT집단에 비해 유의한 상대적으로 유의한 감소양상을 나타내었으며, 혈중 LDL-cholesterol 농도도 유의하게 15.4% 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 반면에 체력요인에서는 TT집단이 복합운동 후, 다른 집단보다 근지구력이 30.0% 향상되었고, 민첩성은 22.2%가 더 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 12주간 복합운동 전, 후에 몇몇 측정변인들에서 일부 긍정적인 변화가 나타났음에도 불구하고, 중년여성들의 5-HTR2A 유전자 다형성 특성에 따른 운동의 유의한 효과 차이가 나타나지 않은 것은, 아마도 12주간에 걸친 복합운동에 의한 효과에 있어서 나타난 개인적인 차이가 충동성 식이섭취 행동과 관련이 있는 5-HTR2A 유전자 변이에 의해서 크게 영향을 받지 않은 것으로 인식된다.

한국 청소년 운동선수 및 일반학생들의 ACTN3 유전자에 존재하는 Q523R 및 R577X 다형성 분포

이재구(Jae Koo Lee),강병용(Byung Yong Kang),장민희(Min Hee Jang),이강오(Kang Oh Lee),김민정(Min Jeong Kim) 한국발육발달학회 2006 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to athletic performance. In the light of the polygenic nature of this trait, it is likely that multiple genetic loci will be responsible. Among them, α-actinin 3 (ACTN3) gene are one of those that may be implicated in athletic performance. The goal of our study was to clarity the relationship between two genetic polymorphisms (Q523R and R577X polymorphisms) of ACTN3 gene and athletic performance in the korean adolescents and young athletes. The subjects were made up of elite athletes (n=174) and control group (n=50). Total genomic DNA were isolated from peripheral blood of subjects, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) carried out to identify the genotype distribution of two genetic polymorphisms in the ACTN3 gene. By our study, there were no significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies of Q523R polymorphisms between controls and elite athletic groups, but R577X polymorphisms was significantly associated with elite athletic status (P<0.05). Although this association was denied when our subjects were dassified by endurance group and sprinter/power group, our data suggest that the R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 gene may influence athletic performance in the korean adolescents and young athletes.

성인남자 인체계측에 의한 대퇴근면적 추정산출 모델

이재구(Lee Jae-Koo) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The aim of this study was to provide estimation model for the prediction of skeletal muscle volume in thigh. Methods: For this purpose, men (20) were participated volunteerly in this study. They were measured 22 independent variables by CT and anthropometric measurement methods. Image analysis were performed with INFINITT, Rapidia 2.8, Korea. For using CT-measured value as the reference value, it was also tested further comparing one fresh cadaver data. they were statistically no difference between two data. Therefore, author applied to compare CT data as reference value to anthropometric data. So, author performed to compare, correlate, testify CT-measured values and anthropometric-measured values in order to make a model for estimating thigh's muscle area by anthropometry. Results : the results in this study are as following. 1. To testify the differences between CT-measured muscle circumferences and predicted circumferences(CM) by anthropometry, CMs were calculated by the following equation: CM = CA - π d. There are not significantly difference (P<.05) between two methods, CT and anthropometry. 2. To testify the differences between CT-measured bone area and predicted bone area (FB) by anthropometry, FB was calculated by the following equation : FB = 35.5211 * (X₁) + 2.6225 * (X₂). There are not significantly difference (P<.05) between two methods, CT and anthropometry. 3. To testify the differences between CT-measured muscle volume and predicted muscle volume (MTot) by anthropometry, MTot was calculated by the following equation: The model is :Y(MTot)= -6549.8156l+46.96838 * (X₁) + 126.25624 * (X₂). For this model, R sq is 0.9643. it's very high. Conclusion: The determination of skeletal muscle volume in thigh can be highly validated with R-sq over 0.9643. therefore they also be apply to predicting muscle volume in thigh.

광분해(光分解) 촉진(促進)에 의한 작물(作物) 및 토양중(土壤中) 농약잔유물(農藥殘留物)의 경감(輕減)에 관한 연구(硏究)

이재구 ( Jae Koo Lee ),정인상 ( In Sang Jung ),권정욱 ( Jeong Wook Kwon ),안기창 ( Ki Chang Ahn ) 한국환경농학회 1998 한국환경농학회지 Vol.17 No.2