Moire 영상을 이용한 근골격계 질환의 한의학적 진단에 관한 연구

이은경,유승현,이수경,강성호,한종민,정명수,천은주,송용선,이기남,Lee Eun-Kyoung,Yu Seung-Hyun,Lee Su-Kyung,Kang Sung-Ho,Han Jong-Min,Chong Myong-Soo,Chun Eun-Joo,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2000 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

This research has conducted studies on an Oriental medicine-based method of diagnosing of occupational musculoskeletal system diseases. This researcher has searched through existing relevant medical literature. Also, this researcher has worked on a moire topography using moire topography. In this course, this researcher has reached the following conclusion in relation to the possibility of using a moire topography as a diagnosing device of musculoskeletal system diseases under Oriental medicine . 1 The Western medicine outlines its criteria of screening occupational musculoskeletal system diseases as follows A. The occupational musculoskeletal diseases must clearly include one or more of the subjective symptoms characterized by pain, hypoesthesia dysaesthesia, anaesthesia. etc . B, There should be clinically admitted objective observations and diagnosis outlining that the disease concerned shows symptoms such as tenderness, induration. and edema that can appear with occupational musculoskeletal system diseases. dyscinesia should be admitted with the disease concerned, or there should be observations and diagnosis outlining that abnormality exists in electric muscular or nervous diagnosis and examination . C. It should be admitted that prior to the occurrence of symptoms or observations and diagnosis on musculoskeletal system-related diseases, a patient has been engaged in works with conditions requiring improper work posture or work movement. That is, this is an approach whereby they see abnormality in the musculoskeletal system come from material and structural defect, and adjust and control abnormality in the musculoskeletal system and secreta . 2. The Oriental medicines sees that a patient develops the pain of occupational musculoskeletal diseases as he cannot properly activate the flow of his life force and blood thus not only causing formation of lumps in the body and blocking the flow of life force and blood in some parts of the body. Hence, The Oriental medicine focuses on resolving the cause of weakening the flow of life force and blood, instead of taking material approach of correcting structural abnormality Furthermore , Oriental medicine sees that when muscle tension builds up, this presses blood vessels and nerves passing by, triggering circulation dyscrasia and neurological reaction and thus leading to lesion. Thus, instead of taking skeletal or neurophysiological approach. it seeks to fundamentally resolve the cause of the flow of the life force and blood in muscles not being activated. As a result Oriental medicine attributes the main cause of musculoskeletal system diseases to muscle tension and its build-up that stem from an individual's long formed chronicle habit and work environment. This approach considers not only the social structure aspect including companies owners and work environment that the existing methods have looked at, but also individual workers' responsibility and their environmental factors. Hence, this is a step forward method. 3 The diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases under Oriental medicine is characterized by the fact that an Oriental medicine doctor uses not only photos taken by himself, but also various detection devices to gather information and pass comprehensive judgment on it. Thus, it is the core of diagnosis under Oriental medicine to develop diagnosing devices matching the characteristics of information to be induced and to interpret information so induced from the views of Oriental medicine. Diagnosis using diagnosing devices values the whole state of a patient and formal abnormality alike, and the whole balance and muscular state of a patient serves as the basis of diagnosis. Hence, this method, instead of depending on the information gathered from devices under Western medicine, requires devices that provide information on the whole state of a patient in addition to the local abnormality information that X-ray. CT, etc., can offer. This method sees muscle as the central par

형식도야이론의 재해석 : 교육목적으로서의 ‘일반능력’의 타당성

이은경(Eun-Kyung Lee) 한국도덕교육학회 2018 道德敎育硏究 Vol.30 No.2

핵심역량기반 교육이론과 형식도야이론은 근본적으로 동일한 이론적 문제를 제기한다. 그 문제는 바로 삶의 전반에 걸쳐 동일하게 발휘되는 ‘일반능력’이라는 것이 존재하는가, 그리고 그것이 존재한다면 그것은 어떤 매체에 의하여 함양되는가 하는 것이다. 두 이론은 모두 일반능력-즉, ‘핵심역량’(key competency)과 ‘정신능력’(mental faculty)-이 존재한다는 데에는 의견의 일치를 보이지만 그 매체에 대해서는 상이한 대답-활동과 지식-을 내어놓고 있다. 듀이에 의하면, 형식도야이론은 정신능력과 그것의 매체로서의 지식의 관계를 사실상 분리된 것-즉, ‘이원론’-으로 파악한다는 점에서 한계를 가진다. 듀이의 견해를 따르면 일반능력을 교육목적으로 삼을 수 있는가의 여부는 일반능력과 매체와의 관계를 어떻게 파악하는가에 따라서 결정될 수 있다. 그 관계를 파악하는 데에는 두 가지 방식이 있을 수 있는데, 하나는 일반능력은 교육실천 이전에 ‘사전에’ 결정될 수 있고 그것을 실현하는 데 효과적인 것이면 어느 것이나 매체가 될 수 있다는 관점이며, 다른 하나는 일반 능력은 교육실천, 즉 지식을 가르치고 배운 ‘결과로’ 획득되는 것이며 일반능력이 무엇인지는 교육실천에 의하여 비로소 확립된다는 관점이다. 이 두 경우에 ‘일반성’의 의미와 ‘전이’는 완전히 판이하게 이해될 가능성이 있다. 본 논문은 이홍우의 형식도야이론에 대한 고찰을 중심으로 ‘일반능력’을 교육목적으로 삼을 수 있는가를 탐색하고자 한다. 그 세부적 논의는 그의 ‘순환론의 오류’와 ‘추상의 오류’에 관한 논의를 거점으로 하여 형식도야이론에 대한 종래의 비판-즉, 듀이의 이원론-이 타당한가를 검토하는 방식으로 이루어진다. 형식도야이론과 핵심역량기반 교육이론은 모두 ‘일반능력’의 중요성에 주목한다는 점에서, 형식도야이론의 재활가능성은 그 자체로 그것의 현대판 이론인 핵심역량기반 교육이론의 정당성을 검토하는 시금석이 될 것이다. 이것을 논의하는 과정에서 교육과정이론이 해명해야 할 근본적이고 항구적인 문제가 무엇인가가 드러날 가능성이 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the conception of ‘general competency’ and to identify its validity as an educational aim. The main issues of key competence-based theory(CBT) and formal discipline theory(FDT) are whether or not ‘general competency’ is and how it is to be cultivated. They both conclude that there is general competency to be applicable in a wide variety of contexts in social lives, but they disagree how to cultivate general competency. The difference of method is necessarily implied the difference of the conception of general competency. The relation of general competency and its method can be understood by the two viewpoints, i.e., means-ends viewpoint and metapractical viewpoint. I think that CBT takes the former, but FDT takes the latter. In metapractical view point, the meaning of ‘general’ should be understood, in its proper sense, ‘universal’ to be equally realized in all things and to be the standard of all things. From the viewpoint of metapraxis, general competency is not an end which is determined before practice and regarded as leading it, but ‘the ideal form’ which is realized imperfectly in our life and must be established through our practice. J. Dewey says that the conception of General competency of FDT is to be based upon the error of dualism, but the dualism can be reinterpret to be based upon the two unmistakable errors of formal logic, i.e., the error of abstraction and the error of circularity by Hong-woo Lee. The two errors, which are genuine and should be avoided in formal logic, are inescapable in any education aiming at the cultivation of the Mind-Nature. In other words, the two formal logical errors are overcome or nullified in the practice of education.

연인두 폐쇄부전 아동의 보상조음과 정조음에서의 비음치 비교

이은경,손영익,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Son, Young-Ik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2007 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Background and Objectives: Nasometry is an easy, noninvasive method to obtain objective data regarding the function of velopharynx. However, because articulation errors may affect the results of nasometry, the examiner should interpret the nasalance score based on appropriate speech stimuli. The purpose of this study is to examine the difference of nasalance score between glottal and oral articulations in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Materials and Method: Nineteen children between 3.4 and 12.1 years of age (mean age 5.7 years) with a confirmed VPl showing hypernasality and articulation errors (glottal stops) were included. Nasalance scores were obtained for two speech patterns of glottal and oral stops. In addition, the velopharyngeal functions were analyzed in four subjects using video nasopharyngoscopy. Results: The $mean{\pm}S.D$ nasalance scores of the glottal stops and oral stops were $42.54{\pm}16.26%$ and $25.47{\pm}16.51%$ respectively (p=.000). Six of 19 patients achieved normal nasalance scores when glottal stops changed to oral stops by the trial speech therapy. Video nasopharyngoscope confirmed that large velopharyngeal gaps can be decreased into tiny gaps or complete closure when compensatory articulations were corrected for some cases. Conclusion: Compensatory articulation errors must be corrected for the reliable interpretation of the nasalance scores that are obtained in children with velopharyngeal insufficiency, which would facilitate to make a better decision for further management of these patients.

롤투롤 인쇄공정 적용을 위한 차세대 나노입자 소결 기술

이은경,은경태,안영석,김용택,천민우,좌성훈,Lee, Eun Kyung,Eun, Kyoungtae,Ahn, Young Seok,Kim, Yong Taek,Chon, Min-Woo,Choa, Sung-Hoon 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2014 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Recently, a variety of printing technologies, including ink jet, gravure, and roll-to-roll (R2R) printing, has generated intensive interest in the application of flexible and wearable electronic devices. However, the actual use of printing technique is much limited because the sintering process of the printed nanoparticle inks remains as a huge practical drawback. In the fabrication of the conductive metal film, a post-sintering process is required to achieve high conductivity of the printed film. The conventional thermal sintering takes considerable sintering times, and requires high temperatures. For application to flexible devices, the sintering temperature should be as low as possible to minimize the damage of polymer substrate. Several alternative sintering methods were suggested, such as laser, halogen lamp, infrared, plasma, ohmic, microwave, and etc. Eventually, the new sintering technique should be applicable to large area, R2R, and polymer substrate as well as low cost. This article reviews progress in recent technologies for several sintering methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology will be reviewed. Several issues for the application in R2R process are discussed.

구개열로 인한 연인두 폐쇄 부전 환자의 보상조음

이은경,박미경,손영익,Lee Eun-Kyung,Park Mi-Kyong,Son Young-Ik 대한후두음성언어의학회 2005 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

Background and Objectives The compensatory articulation not only influences general speech intelligibility, but also prevents precise assessment of the velopharyngeal function. This study was performed to investigate frequently affected phonemes, prevalence and the characteristics of compensatory articulation in the patients with cleft palate having velopharyngeal insufficiency. Material and Method An archival review was taken on 103 cleft palate subjects. Their age ranged from 2.6 to 63 years (mean age of 9.8 years). They were grouped into two : preschool group (n=71) and older patient group (n=32). The prevalence and patterns of compensatory articulation were examined on oral high pressure consonants such as plosives, fricatives and affricates. Results : Compensatory errors were observed in $49.5\%$ of the subjects and were mostly glottal stops with the exception of 4cases who had pharyngeal fricatives in addition to glottal stops. The most frequently substituted phonemes were velar plosives and tense sound. There was no significant difference of prevalence in both groups. However, errors for bilabial and alveolar plosives were more frequently observed in preschool group. Conclusion High prevalence of compensatory articulation observed in both preschool and older age group indicates that their articulation errors tend to remain unless appropriate speech therapy is provided. To improve speech intelligibility of the patients with cleft palate having velopharyngeal insufficiency, it is advisable to address and correct the compensatory articulation errors in their earlier ages.

브라운다리 근사를 통한 확산모형의 우도 근사법

이은경,심송용,이윤동,Lee, Eun-kyung,Sim, Songyong,Lee, Yoon Dong 한국통계학회 2015 응용통계연구 Vol.28 No.5

확산모형은 입자의 운동현상과 금융자산의 미시적 가격변동을 설명하기 위하여 사용되는 수리적 모형이다. 확산모형의 추정방법에 관한 논의는 다양한 분야에서 이루어져 왔다. 통계학적 관점에서 우도적 방법에 기반한 확산모형의 추정방법을 개발하려는 시도가 계속되어 왔다. 이산시간 간격으로 관측된 자료를 이용하여 확산모형을 추정할 때 최대우도 추정법을 적용하기 위해서는 확산모형에 대한 전이확률 밀도함수를 구해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 확산모형의 전이확률밀도를 근사하기 위하여, 정규분포를 따르는 확률변수를 이용하여 브라운다리 확률과정에 대한 경로적분을 대체하는 방법을 제안하고, 그 수치적 성질을 다른 방법들과 비교한다. Diffusion is a mathematical tool to explain the fluctuation of financial assets and the movement of particles in a micro time scale. There are ongoing statistical trials to develop an estimation method for diffusion models based on likelihood. When we estimate diffusion models by applying the maximum likelihood estimation method on data observed at discrete time points, we need to know the transition density of the diffusion. In order to approximate the transition densities of diffusion models, we suggests the method to approximate the path integral of the random process with normal random variables, and compare the numerical properties of the method with other approximation methods.

실시간 손 인식 기법을 인용한 건반 연주 시스템

이은경,하정희,서은성,박소영,김성훈,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Ha, Jung-Hee,Seo, Eun-Sung,Park, So-Young,Kim, Seong-Hoon 한국정보통신학회 2009 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.13 No.11

As parents are interested in music education for infants in these days, they require systems to help these infants to actively play music. In this paper, we propose a keyboard solo system using a real time hand recognition method. In order to enable the infants to use the system easily, the proposed system plays some sounds whenever the infants move their fingers on a paper piano. For the purpose of minimizing cost to play music, the proposed system utilizes a general PC with only a paper piano, a web camera, and a speaker. With the aim of precisely and efficiently recognizing both a hand and each key on keyboard, the proposed system divides a recognition step into a hand recognition step and a keyboard recognition step. Also, the hand recognition step considers only skin color, and the keyboard recognition step considers only black and white without other colors. 요즘 부모들이 유아들의 음악 교육에 대해서 관심이 많아지면서, 유아들이 능동적으로 음악을 즐길 수 있도록 지원하는 시스템이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 실시간 손 인식 기법을 이용한 건반 연주 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 유아들이 쉽게 사용할 수 있도록, 종이 건반위에서 손가락을 움직이기만 하면 음원이 재생되어 연주하는 환경을 제공한다. 그리고, 제안하는 시스템은 연주에 필요한 비용을 최소화하기 위해서, 보급형 컴퓨터와 종이건반, 웹 카메라, 스피커만을 이용한다. 또한, 효율적이고 정확하게 건반과 손가락을 인식하기 위해서, 건반 인식 단계와 손가락 인식 단계를 구분한다. 건반 인식 단계에서는 건반을 구성하는 검정색과 흰색만 고려하여 건반을 인식하고, 손가락 인식단계에서 는 피부색만 고려하여 손가락을 인식한다.

집단 약동학 모형에 대한 통계학적 고찰

이은경,Lee, Eun-Kyung 한국통계학회 2010 응용통계연구 Vol.23 No.3

약동학 모형은 약동학 모수들의 복잡한 비선형형태의 함수로 복잡한 미분방정식의 형태로 나타나기도 한다. 집단 약동학은 약동학 모형에서 약동학 모수들의 개인 간 차이를 나타내기 위해 이를 랜덤효과로 가정하므로 비선형 혼합 효과 모형이 된다. 본 논문에서는 임상약리학에서 약동학적 특징을 설명하기 위해 사용하는 집단 약동학 모형에 대한 통계학적 고찰을 해 본다. 또한 실제 임상자료를 이용하여 집단 약동학 모형을 적용하여 분석해 봄으로써 통계적 의미를 살펴본다. The Pharmacokinetic model is a complex nonlinear model with pharmacokinetic parameters that is some-times represented by a complex form of differential equations. A population pharmacokinetic model adds individual variability using the random effects to the pharmacokinetic model. It amounts to the nonlinear mixed effect model. This paper, reviews the population pharmacokinetic model from a statistical viewpoint; in addition, a population pharmacokinetic model is also applied to the real clinical data along with a review of the statistical meaning of this model.

얼랑분포의 축차확률비검정과 관련된 적분 방정식의 해

이은경,나명환,이윤동,Lee Eun-Kyung,Na Myung Hwan,Lee Yoon-Dong 한국통계학회 2005 응용통계연구 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구에서는 얼랑(Erlang)분포의 규모모수에 대 한 축차확률비검정(SPRT)과 관련된 적분방정식의 정학한 해를 구하는 법을 살펴보기로 한다. 축차확률비검정에서 그 평균 표본 개수, 그리고 1종 오류 확률과 2종 오류 확률은 프레돔 형태의 적분 방정식으로 나타나게 된다. 이러한 적분 방정식은 보통 가우시안 쿼드러쳐(qudrature)를 이용하여 근사적으로 그 해를 구하는 것이 일반적이다. 얼랑분포의 경우 이러한 적분방정식의 해가 정확하게 구할 수 있음이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 얼랑분포에서 그 해를 구하는 구체적 방법을 살펴보기로 한다. In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the solutions of the renewal equations related to SPRT for Erlang distribution. In SPRT, the Average Sample Number(ASN) and type I or type II error probabilities are shown in Fredholm type integral equations. The integral equations are generally solved by the approximation method using Gaussian quadrature. For Erlang distribution, it has been known that the exact solutions of the equations exist. We propose the algorithm to solve the equations.

단일항 안장점근사법에 의한 확산모형의 추정

이은경,이윤동,최영수,Lee, Eun-Kyung,Lee, Yoon-Dong,Choi, Young-Soo 한국통계학회 2010 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.17 No.3

최근 확산모형의 추정을 위한 매우 다양한 방법론들이 제시되고 연구 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 제안된 확산모형의 추정 방법 중에서, 안장점근사법을 이용한 확산모형의 모수 추정방법에 대하여 살펴보게 되고, 가장 단순한 형태의 안장점근사법인 단일항 안장점근사법의 사용을 제안하게 된다. 단일항 안장점근사법은 오일러근사법과 마찬가지로 계산속도가 빠르고, 다양한 모형에 적용이 가능하면서도 최대우도추정량과 마찬가지로 성능이 우수한 특성을 갖고 있음을 살펴보게 된다. OU 확산모형을 대상으로 한 시뮬레이션 연구를 통하여 단일항 안장점근사를 이용한 추정량과 다른 추정량들과의 성질을 비교한다. Recently various methods were suggested and reviewed for estimating diffusion processes. Out of suggested estimation method, we mainly concerns on the estimation method using saddlepoint approximation method, and we suggest a term saddlepoint approximation(ASP) method which is the simplest saddlepoint approximation method. We will show that ASP method provides fast estimator as much as Euler approximation method(EAM) in computing, and the estimator also has good statistical properties comparable to the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE). By simulation study we compare the properties of ASP estimator with MLE and EAM, for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck diffusion processes.