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Triazole계 농약 Difenoconazole이 Xenopus Laevis의 초기 배 발생에 미치는 독성 영향
이유화 ( You Hwa Lee ),윤춘식 ( Chun Sik Yoon ),이미주 ( Mi Ju Lee ),황용기 ( Yong Gi Hwang ),정선우 ( Seon Woo Cheong ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.10
We investigated the toxic effects of difenoconazole on the development in the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. To test the toxic effects, frog embryo teratogenesis assays using Xenopus were performed. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of difenoconazole (0-30 μM). LC100 for difenoconazole was 30 μM, and the LC50 determined by probit analysis was 27.19 μM. Exposure to difenoconazole concentrations ≥5 μM resulted in 10 different types of severe external malformation. Histological examinations revealed dysplasia of the eye, heart, liver, somatic muscle, and swelling of the pronephric ducts. The tissue-specific toxic effects were investigated with an animal cap assay. Blood cells were normally induced at a high frequency by mSCF and activin A. However, the induction of blood cells was strongly inhibited by the addition of difenoconazole. Electron micrographs of tested embryos showed the degeneration of somatic muscle and the shrinkage of microvilli on pronephric duct. The gene expression of cultivated animal cap explants was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It revealed that the expression of the blood-specific marker(β -globin Ⅱ) and muscle-specific marker (XMA) were more strongly inhibited than the neural-specific marker(XEn2) by the addition of difenoconazole.
정상기능 갑상선 결절 환자에서 갑상선 유두암의 의미 있는 예측인자로서 혈청 갑상선 자극호르몬의 역할
김동선(Dong-Sun Kim),문신제(Shin-Je Moon),이창범(Chang-Bum Lee),홍상모(Sang-Mo Hong),이유화(Yu-Hwa Lee),박정환(Jung-Hwan Park),최웅환(Woong-Hwan Choi),안유헌(You-Hern Ahn),박용수(Yong-Soo Park) 대한두경부종양학회 2011 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.27 No.2
Background and Objectives:Distinguishing benign from malignant lesion in thyroid noddex is important but clinically difficult. FNAB is the first investigation of choice. However, cytologic results are often indeter-minable. In those cases, additional molecular biologic tests are helpful. If serologic tests are available to predict malignancy, it can be useful to fortify accurate diagnosis. We analyzed whether TSH or FreeT4 level could be used as a predictor of malignancy. Materials and Methods:From January 2008 to March 2009, 540 patients received one of thyroidectomy in a single center. We only included 167 patients from 18 to 65 years old without cardiopulmonary or renal disorders. All the patients were in euthyroid state and took no medications, which affect the thyroid function. We reviewed charts retrospectively to find out differences in TSH level and FreeT4 level between the benign and malignant groups. Results:In this study, all the patients with malignancy had the papil-lary cancer. In benign group, average TSH level came out to be 1.48mU/L, whereas the average TSH level of malignant group was 1.98 mU/L. Moreover, the higher the cancer stage was, the higher the TSH level was. Al-though we have adjusted factors that can affect TSH level(age, sex, race, goiter type), we still received the same result. The risk of malignant cancer increased in proportion with TSH level within the normal range. In free T4 level, there was no difference between benign and malignant group. Conclusion:We propose that TSH level can play a role as one of the predictors for thyroid cancer. However, there is limitation because all the patients with malignancy in this study have papillary cancer. Thus, we can apply this result only in papillary cancer, and we need more study for other types of thyroid cancer.