청원군 일개 면에서 산발적으로 신고한 세균성이질 집단 발병 역학조사

이용제,황의경,김종숙,김준영,이복권,구자설,강종원,Lee, Yong-Jae,Hwang, Ue-Kyoung,Kim, Jong-Suk,Kim, Jun-Young,Lee, Bok-Kwon,Koo, Ja-Seol,Kang, Jong-Won 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: This study was undertaken to investigate the source of infection and mode of transmission of shigellosis, which occurred sporadically among residents and students in a subcounty of Cheongwon county, Chungbuk province, Korea, from June 4 to July 3 2003. Methods: 692 subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a swab for microbiological examinations,and 7 environmental specimens were examined for bacterial organisms. PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and fingerprinting were performed to find the genetic relationship among the temporally associated sporadic isolates. Results: A total of 29 patients had symptoms consistent with the case definition, with 13 confirmed and 16 suspected cases. The frequency of diarrhea was 6 times or more a day (80.8%), with a duration of 1 to 4 days (88.5%) in most cases. The most common symptoms accompanying the diarrhea were fever (80.9%) followed by abdominal pain (76.9%), headache (65.4%), chill (61.5%), vomiting (46.2%) and tenesmus (15.4%). The epidemic curve was characteristic of a person-to-person transmission. The PFGE and fingerprinting demonstrated identical or similar DNA patterns among the 3 Shigella sonnei isolates (A51, A53 and A61 types) found in this outbreak. Conclusion: A genetically identical strain of S. sonnei was estimated to be the cause of this outbreak, and the mode of transmission was most likely person-to-person.

호르몬 불균형과 상호작용의 통합적 이해 : 호르몬 불균형과 상호작용

이용제(Yong-Jae Lee) 대한기능의학회 2021 Journal of Korean Institute for Functional Medicin Vol.4 No.2

To summarize the maintenance of homeostasis in our body in terms of signal transduction, there are two major axes: the autonomic nervous system and hormones. The autonomic nervous system, one of the peripheral nerves, secretes neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and acetylcholine to affect target organs quickly and efficiently. Hormones can be viewed as signals that trigger larger changes in the DNA level after they are secreted into the blood and reach target cells. The autonomic nervous system plays the role of a fine screw that regulates the body s functions according to internal and external stimuli, while hormones play the role of a coarse screw. The autonomic nervous system plays the role of a fine screw that fine-tunes the body s functions according to internal and external stimuli, while hormones play the role of a coarse screw. Adrenal hormones are involved in the circadian cycle and vitality of life, and most actively cope with stress and external changes. It can also affect other hormones such as thyroid hormones, sex hormones, and insulin, and also interacts with the autonomic nervous system in the pituitary gland. In the past, growth hormone supplementation therapy was the main concern in the field of anti-aging medicine, but recently, research on the interaction between other hormones has become an important issue. Therefore, this review aimed to examine the integrated understanding and academic basis for the interaction between thyroid hormone, insulin, sex hormone, and neurotransmitter, focusing on adrenal hormone.

온혈구검사와 일반화학검사의 기능의학적 재해석

이용제(Yong-Jae Lee) 대한기능의학회 2018 Journal of Korean Institute for Functional Medicin Vol.1 No.1

Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, sarcopenia, and autonomic dysfunction could be predicted by using leukocyte count and clinical chemistry tests in addition to the traditional interpretations. This review focused on the integrative interpretations of complete blood count (CBC) and clinical chemistry from functional medicine perspectives. We conducted a review to assess the epidemiological associations between CBC and clinical chemistry from the database of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane. The CBC tests such as leukocyte count and platelet count and clinical chemistry tests including serum blood glucose, lipid profiles, liver enzymes, uric acid, and bilirubin are widely performed in primary care setting. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease are the three major causes of death in developed countries, wherein the crucial pathophysiology involves oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation. Low-grade inflammation accumulates due to the combination of innate constitution, detoxification, intestinal health, resilience to cope with stress, lifestyle behaviors including smoking, drinking and sleep, which in turn leads to higher inflammatory markers in blood. On the other hand, individuals with weakness also express various symptoms. Frailty is a common complication in patients with multiple discomforts such as sarcopenia, chronic fatigue, headache, dizziness, poor circulation, and multiple pain. Thus, it is important to understand who is in inflammation or in a weak state from a functional medicine perspective. CBC or clinical chemistry may help to identify individuals who are not functionally optimally are often in chronic inflammation or frailty state. 암, 심혈관질환, 동맥경화증, 당뇨병, 대사증후군, 근육감 소증, 자율신경증을 지닌 사람에게 온혈구검사와 일반화학검사 지표의 증가 또는 감소가 특징적인 양상을 보인다는 연구가 있다. 이 연구를 통해 PubMed 등의 검색엔진을 통해 백혈구, 혈소판 등의 온혈구검사와 혈당, 지질, 간기능, 요산, 빌리루빈 등의 임상화학검사를 통해 만성적인 염증이 있는 사람을 찾아내거나 허약한 사람을 찾아낼 수 있는 역학 및 임상연구를 문헌고찰하였다. 심혈관질환, 뇌 혈관질환과 대사증후군은 산화 스트레스와 만성적 저강도의 염증이 주요 병태생리 중 하나이다. 선천적인 기질 (체질), 해독, 장 건강, 스트레스에 대처하는 회복탄력성, 생활 습관(흡연, 음주, 수면) 등이 상호 복합적으로 작용하여 염증이 누적되며, 결과적으로 혈중 염증지표가 증가하여 심뇌혈관, 암, 대사증후군 발생에 기여한다. 이와 반대 로 허약한 사람도 여러 증상을 표현한다. 근육감소증, 만성피로, 두통, 어지럼증, 수족냉증, 다발성 통증 등 뚜렷하지 않은 여러 불편감이 복합적으로 혼재된 환자는 허약한 상태에 있는 경우가 많다. 온혈구검사와 임상화학검사에 대한 전통적 해석 외에도 온혈구검사, 임상화학검사를 이용하여 암, 심혈관 질환, 동맥경화증, 당뇨병, 대사증후군의 위험도를 예측할 수 있다는 증거가 제시되고 있다. 기능적으로 최적의 상태에 있지 않은 사람은 염증이나 허약한 상태에 있는 반건강상태의 사람을 찾아내는데, 온혈구 검사와 일반화학검사가 도움이 될 수 있다.

한센병 병력자들의 C형간염: 유전자형 및 위험요인 연구

최재필 ( Jae Phil Choi ),이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ),이용제 ( Yong Jae Lee ),이충현 ( Choong Hyun Lee ) 대한내과학회 2006 대한내과학회지 Vol.70 No.1

반복하중을 받는 유공 강구조 부재의 국부좌굴 거동

이은택(Lee Eun-Taik),이용제(Lee Yong-Jae),심현주(Shim Hyun-Ju),장경호(Chang Kyong-Ho) 대한건축학회 2003 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.19 No.11

Many researches have been performed to describe the elastic and inelastic behavior of H-shaped beams with web openings, and were generally concentrated on the monotonic loading conditions. In this experimental study, local buckling behaviour of welded light H-shaped beams with web openings under cyclic loading were investigated, and the adequacy of design method of web openings beams proposed by Darwin was examined. The commencement and the effect of local buckling, the strength and stiffness deterioration after local buckling, and the fracture around the web openings under cyclic loading condition were also investigated through the observation of the test results with various openings with or without stiffeners.

Voltage Sag 보상을 위한 Anti-Wind up을 이용한 PI제어 알고리즘

이교성(Lee Kyo-Sung),최현영(Choi Hyun-Young),이용제(Lee Yong-Jae),김양모(Kim Yang-Mo) 대한전기학회 2002 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.4

웨이블릿 변환을 이용한 순간전압강하 검출 연구

이교성(Lee Kyo-Sung),이용제(Lee Yong-Jae),김도훈(Kim Do-Hun),김양모(Kim Yang-Mo) 대한전기학회 2002 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.11

말기 암 환자에서 호중구-림프구 비가 예후인자로서 생존기간에 미치는 영향

조완제,황희진,이용제,손가현,오승민,이혜리,심재용,Cho, Wan-Je,Hwang, Hee-Jin,Lee, Yong-Jae,Son, Ga-Hyun,Oh, Seung-Min,Lee, Hye-Ree,Shim, Jae-Yong 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2008 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.11 No.4

목적: 말기 암 환자에게 있어서 정확한 여명 예측은 환자의 효율적인 치료 계획을 세우고 환자의 삶의 질을 높이는데 있어서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 말기 암 환자에서 호중구-림프구 비가 생존기간 예측을 위한 예후 인자로서 유용한가를 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2007년 6월까지 말기 암 환자로 완화 치료를 목적으로 영동세브란스병원 가정의학과에 입원 혹은 전입되어 치료를 받는 중 사망한 67명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 호중구-림프구 비에 따라서 3개의 군으로 나누어 과거 병력, 신체 계측, 임상 증상, 혈액검사 소견, 생존기간을 분석하였다. 결과: 호중구-림프구 비가 가장 높은 군(${\geq}12.5$)에서 환자의 생존기간이 단변량 분석에서 통계적으로 유의하게 짧았으며(hazard ratio (HR)=3.270, P=0.001)), 저하된 활동도, 호흡 곤란 증상을 보정한 다변량 분석에서도 통계적 유의성을 보였다(HR=2.907, P=0.007). 완화 치료를 위해 입원 혹은 전입된 시점에 비하여 사망이 임박한 시점에서 호중구-림프구 비는 의미 있는 증가를 보였다(P=0.001). 결론: 호중구-림프구 비는 말기 암환자에서 생존기간 예측을 위한 독립적인 예후 인자로 확인 되었다. Purpose: In order to establish efficient palliative treatment plans. It is important to estimate the survival time of a terminally ill cancer patient as accurate as possible. Proper estimation of life expectancy aids not only in improving the quality of life of the patient, it also promotes productive communication between the medical staff and the patient. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of survival time in terminally ill cancer patients. Methods: Between January 2004 and June 2007, 67 terminally ill cancer patients who were admitted or transferred for palliative care, were included. Patients were categorized into three groups by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics and blood samples were analyzed. Results: In univariate analysis, survival time of the highest Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio group (${\geq}12.5$) was significantly shorter than that of the others (hazard ratio (HR)=3.270, P=0.001). After adjustment for low performance status (ECOG score 4) and dyspnea, high Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (${\geq}12.5$) was significantly and independently associated with short survival time (HR=2.907, P=0.007). Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio was also significantly increased before death (P=0.001). Conclusion: Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio can be useful in predicting life expectancy in terminally ill cancer patients.

스트레스 해소 방법과 대사증후군의 관련성

정민옥(Min-Ok Jung),이용제(Yong-Jae Lee) 대한기능의학회 2020 Journal of Korean Institute for Functional Medicin Vol.3 No.2

연구 배경: 본 연구의 목적은 만 20세-65세 한국 성인에서 스트레스 해소 방법과 대사증후군의 관련성에 대해 알아보고자 함이다. 방법: 본 연구는 2010-2012년 제3기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 20세-65세 성인 참가자 3,523명(남자 1,537명, 여자 1,986명)을 대상으로 스트레스 해소 방법으로 ‘아무것도 하지 않음(586명)’, ‘흡연(380명)’, ‘음주(735명),’ ‘운동(720명)’, ‘대화(455명)’, ‘인터넷, 게임 같은 오락(90명)’, ‘음악, 영화, 독서 등의 문화생활(189명)’, ‘종교(121명)’, ‘집안 일 등 직업과 다른 일(83명)’, ‘수면(161명)’, ‘먹는 것(43명)’으로 대답한 총 11개 그룹으로 구분하였다. ‘아무것도 하지 않음’ 군을 기준으로, 스트레스 해소 방법에 따른 대사증후군의 위험도(odds ratios)와 95% 신뢰구간(95% confidence intervals)을 구하기 위해 복합표본 다중로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 결과: 혼란변수인 연령, 성별, 체질량지수, 소득수준, 교육수준, 결혼상태를 보정한 하였을 때, ‘아무것도 하지 않음’ 군에 비해 ‘흡연’ 1.916 (1.188-3.090), ‘음주’ 2.142(1.395-3.288), ‘수면’ 4.112 (1.805-9.369)으로 스트레스를 해소한다고 응답한 사람에게서 대사증후군의 유병 위험도가 유의하게 높았다. 결론: 흡연, 음주, 수면으로 스트레스를 해소하는 만 20세-65세 사이의 성인에서 대사증후군 유병률의 위험도가 높았다. Background: The objective of this study was investigate the relationship between stress relief methods and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 3,523 individuals who participated in the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2012. The participants were divided into 11 groups by stress relief method as follows: ‘do not anything (n=586)’, ‘cigarette smoking (n=380)’, ‘alcohol drinking (n=735)’, ‘exercise (n=720)’, ‘conversation (n=455)’, ‘entertainment (n=90)’, ‘cultural life (n=189)’, ‘religious activity (n=121)’, ‘do something (n=83)’, ‘sleeping (161)’ and ‘eating habits (43)’. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for metabolic syndrome were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors according to stress relief methods. Results: Compared with the group ‘do not anything’, the ORs (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome were 1.916 (1.188-3.090) for ‘cigarette smoking’, 2.142 (1.395-3.288) for ‘alcohol drinking’, and 4.112 (1.805-9.369) ‘sleeping’ according to stress relief method after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, household income, education, and marriage status. Conclusion: Among stress relief methods, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and sleeping were independently associated with metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

타이포그래픽 아이덴티티를 위한 글자꼴 ‘아리따’

안상수(Ahn Sang-Soo),이용제(Lee Yong-Je),한재준(Han Jae-joon) 한국디자인학회 2006 디자인학연구 Vol.19 No.6