고막(鼓膜)의 탄성도(彈性度)와 파열장력(破裂張力)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

이영식(Lee, Young-Shik) 대한생리학회 1968 대한생리학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Recently, in this department, pressure-displacement curve and breaking tension of dog and human tympanic membrane were studied using intact, fresh or dried tympanic membrane attached to external auditory meatus. However, physical property, proper elasticity-Young Modulus, of the tympanic membrane has not been clarified yet. Present study is attempted to further clarify proper Young Modulus of tympanic membrane, and to distinguish possible difference between layer of stratum radiatum and layer of stratum circulare of tympanic membrane in breaking tension and in Young Modulus. Tympanic membrane was excised from sacrificed dog, and preparation was made into the size of approximately 1 mm in width and 3 mm in length. In fresh or dried tympanic membrane, which was dried at 80℃ for 24 hrs., some preparations were made along the long axis parallel to the fibers of radial direction, and others were made along the long axis perpendicular to the radial fibers-circular direction. Breaking tension and displacement according to loading, were measured and Young Modulus was calculated in tympanic membrane preparations under the different experimental conditions. Results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Young Modulus of fresh tympanic membrane in radial direction was 6.57 X 10⁸ dyne/cm², and that of fresh preparation in circular direction was 1.68 X 10⁸ dyne/cm². The Young Modulus of fresh tympanic membrane in radial direction resembles to that of silk and whale moustache. In dried tympanic membrane, Young Modulus of preparation of radial direction was 30.2 X 10⁸ and that of preparation in circular direction was 25.0 X 10⁸. 2. Breaking tension of fresh tympanic membrane was 44.9 gm/mm in radial preparation, and 7.9 gm/mm in circular preparation. In dried tympanic membrane, breaking tension was 46.7 gm/mm in preparation of radial direction, and 17.2 gm/mm in preparation of circular direction. 3. Much smaller breaking tension of the circular preparation-one fifth to the radial preparation-seemed to be responsible for the higher incidence of circular fiber breaking in tympanic membrane performation caused by trauma or sudden change in atmospheric pressure. 4. The correlation seemed to be very close between breaking tension and Young Modulus in tympanic membrane.

다변량 일반화가능도 이론에 의한 말하기 시험의 타당도와 신뢰도에 관한 연구

이영식(Lee Young Shik),신상근(Shin Sang Keun) 한국외국어교육학회 2004 Foreign languages education Vol.11 No.2

Even though performance-based language tests are often multivariate by design, previous validation studies have analyzed the dependability of ratings of such tests within univariate analytic frameworks. In an attempt to address this limitation, the present study investigated the dependability of judgements made based on ratings of a German speaking test using a multivariate generalizabilitiy theory (MGT) analysis. Data obtained from 88 students were analyzed in G- and D-studies of a two-facet crossed design. A D-study with two raters and two tasks supported the high dependability of the ratings and the placement decisions made at the pre-determined cut scores. An optimization analysis of the measurement procedure suggested that the desired level of dependability of ratings has already been achieved by the use of two raters and two tasks. The MGT analysis also generated other useful information about the convergent/ discriminant validity of the five subscales. Specifically, the universe score variance-covariance matrix obtained from the D-study showed that the underlying subscales were interrelated but distinct. Furthermore, the analysis of effective weights of the scales revealed that the Grammar subscale played the dominant role in the composite universe score variance.

전자금융이 통화정책에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이영식(Young-shik Lee) 한국통상정보학회 2004 통상정보연구 Vol.6 No.3

In recent years, electronic finance, especially online banking and brokerage services has reshaped the financial landscape around the world. For example, e-finance makes it possible to offer banking services around the world 24 hours a day. The aim of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic effects of e-finance and e-money, or with existing leading studies, is to survey how development of e-finance effects on monetary polices, and is to think out political devices to raise the efficiency of monetary polices.

언어평가에 대한 컴퓨터 기술의 활용방안

이영식(Lee Young Shik) 한국영어학회 2003 영어학 Vol.3 No.4

교실 영어시험의 컴퓨터 채점 프로그램 제작을 위한 조사 연구

이영식 ( Young Shik Lee ),백지원 ( Ji Won Paek ) 글로벌영어교육학회 2007 Studies in English education Vol.12 No.1

한국영어평가의 역사 고찰 및 향후 연구과제

이영식(Lee, Young Shik) 한국응용언어학회 2008 응용 언어학 Vol.24 No.3

The main purpose of this paper is to review the history of English language testing over the last half century in Korea. Using Spolsky"s classification for the language testing history, Korean history of English language testing is classified into four periods: 1) the pre-scientific period, 2) the psychometric and structuralist period; 3) the psychometric and semi-communicative period, and 4) the communicative period. The trends of English language testing for each period are discussed and their testing samples are investigated. Finally some suggestion are made for the future research agenda of the communicative testing of English in Korea.

국제통화질서에 관한 이론적 고찰

이영식(Young-Shik Lee) 한국무역학회 2015 貿易學會誌 Vol.40 No.5

의사소통 과제의 개발 및 적용을 통한 형성적 수행평가의 효과에 관한 연구

이영식(Lee, Young Shik),김경아(Kim, Kyung-Ah) 한국초등영어교육학회 2010 초등영어교육 Vol.16 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects which the formative performance assessment based on the communicative tasks has on the learning of English at the elementary school. The subjects were sixth graders at an elementary school in Daejeon. For this study, performance tasks with communicative activities were designed and used for the formative assessment in class. To collect the data for analysis, the student's self assessment, the teacher's observation, the video recording and questionnaires were used. The results of data analysis showed that the formative performance assessment could provide the elementary school students with the various feedbacks to help their learning during the task performance. The formative performance assessment had positive effects on improving the learning competence for all the students of three levels: high, middle and low. In terms of affective factors, it also had some positive effects. So the formative performance assessment proved to be useful in bringing about the effective English learning outcomes for elementary school students.

다국면 Rasch 측정의 Facets 프로그램을 활용한 영어 작문 평가의 원어민 채점 검증

이영식(Lee, Young Shik) 한국영어어문교육학회 2014 영어어문교육 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reliability of English writing test scoring using the computer program of Facets. Based on the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) model, the Facets program has recently been updated and this research uses it in an attempt to analyze the scoring reliability of native raters for an EFL writing test. For the research data the EFL compositions written by 114 English major students were collected and rated by three native raters using a three-category rating scale (Content, Rhetorical Category and Language). At first a brief theoretical basis for the Facets is introduced based on the MFRM model. Then the scores of EFL compositions are analyzed using the Facets and its analysis results are interpreted. Many-facet Rasch analysis revealed that the three native raters are at the same level in terms of rating severity. Although a few cases of unreliable scoring of native raters are found in terms of rater measurement report, it appears that the ratings of EFL compositions by the native raters are generally sound. Finally it is suggested that the Facets program of MFRM can offer many potential advantages for investigating scoring reliability and ensuring construct validation of EFL writing assessment.

한국어 작문 평가 채점의 타당도 검증

이영식(Lee, Young Shik) 한국외국어교육학회 2014 Foreign languages education Vol.21 No.3

This paper aims to analyze the scores assigned to compositions of Korean as a foreign language (KFL) in terms of the many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM) model. The MFRM computer program Facets has recently been updated and this research uses it in order to investigate the scoring reliability of KFL writing test. For the research data the Korean compositions written by 270 KFL learners were collected and rated by eleven Korean raters. At first a brief theoretical basis for the Facets is introduced based on the MFRM model. Then focusing on the raters’ characteristics such as rating consistency and fitness in terms of the rating scheme of content/organization and language, the collected scores of KFL compositions are analyzed and the analysis results are interpreted. As a result, a few cases of unreliable scoring of Korean raters are identified, but it appears that the ratings of Korean raters for a standardized KFL writing test are generally reliable. Finally it is suggested that the Facets program of MFRM offer many potential advantages for validating the scoring reliability of Korean writing assessment.