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靑年基 頭部 體感症(Cenesthopathies)의 臨床的 考察
李時炯 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.4
1983년 7월부터 3년간 고려병원 신경정신과에서 체감증으로 진단된 환자는 모든 17예였다. 이중 30세 이전에 발병한 환자이면서 증상호소 부위가 두부에 국한된 6예에 대한 임상고찰을 요약하면: 1) 6예 모두 남자였고 발병 연령은 18세에서 29로 평균 22.5세였다. 2) 특이할만한 가족력은 없었으며 장남이 4명이었다. 3) 병전성격은 강박적·소심·열등감등이 인지되었으며 자신에 대한 부전감이 많은 편이었다. 4) 체감은 기이하고 기묘하였으며 내용은 띠 그물, 액체, 골, 힘줄 등이었고 공간이 생긴 예도 있었다. 5) 부위는 두부이며 경계가 선명하며 항상 일정한 부위에 지속적으로 호소한다. 6) 일정한 부위를 이동하며 이에 따라 긴장 및 이완상태가 번갈아 온다. 7) 통증보다는 괴로운 내용이며 긴장상태가 되면 사고장애감 및 이인감이 오며 이완상태에서 다시 정신이 올바로 된다. 8) 발병상황은 높은 목표를 향해 과중한 정신적 부담감을 안고 있거나 혹은 실패했을 경우이다. 9) 심기증이나 정신분열과 확실히 감별된다. 10) 치료는 대체로 만족스럽지 못한 편이다. pimozide 투여에 다소 반응이 있는 것 같았으며 역동적 정신치료가 다소 도움이 되었다. 11) 증상은 악화; 호전의 만성경과였으며 이병기간이 평균 6년 이상이었으나 사회생산은 장애가 다소 있긴 하지만 그런대로 유지되고 있는 편이다. 12) 진단적 위치는 논란이 많으나 저자의 관찰 경험으로서는 독립된 증후군, 또는 단일 질환으로 봐야하는게 타당할 것으로 생각된다. The term, cenesthopathies, was first introduced by Dupre E. and Camus P. in 1907 as one of the distinctive syndrome, that consist of; 1) strange body sensation, cenesthasie, 2) undefined, foreign body like sensation, 3) troubled with suffering rather than actual pain, 4) fixed location with clear demarcation and persistency, 5) differs from hyochondriasis, 6) may be constitutional factor as an etiology. The author has experienced 17 cases of cenesthopathies in the past three years at Seoul Koryo General Hospital. Clinical findings of six cases, whose onset was before the agd of 30's and the symptom site is limited to the head, will be discussed. summary: 1) All six cases were male with average age of onset 22.5(18 to 29) and four of them were the first borns. 2) No significant family history is noted. 3) As of the premorbid personality traits of being obsessive, timed and insecure are noted. 4) The way they descrive the body sensation is very strange and odd indeed. Their description is something like net, liquid, ligament, brain, band and also like a vaccum or empty space in two cases. Despite of their efforts to describe as accurately as possible, they are unable to define clearly. 5) The location is always fixed and well demarcated, no matter how long they suffer from it. 6) As the sensation moves along the fixed passage, there is a state of tension and relaxation alternating. This brings the mental changes as follows; tension, by "covered by net" or "filled with liquid", leads to mental block, then the felling of depersonalization follows. Subsequently, relaxation period ensues with clearing off the covered net or emptying the filled liquid, then the mental work become possible. 7) They are more troubled by suffering and bewidderment rather than actual pain. 8) the precipitating event is identified in all of the cases. All of them were under the heavy strain to achieve higher goal, eg, college entrance examination. 9) It differs from hypochondriasis and schizophrenia and the patients show no other no other signs of mental illness. 10) Therapeutic results are rather unsatisfactory; open trial of pimozide seems mildly effective in lessening the intensity of symptomatic complains, and dynamic psychotherapy is also definitely recommended. 11) Though the symptom waxes and wanes and the course is chronic in nature, their social productivity has been fairly well preserved, despite of agony and difficulty they encounter. 12) As to diagnosis, no agreement has yet been reached, however, author's impression is that it is discrete syndromes, if not an independent disease entity.
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소결과정에서 Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2계로부터 Calcium-Ferrite 생성거동에 미치는 염기도의 영향
黃熙鎭,車榮宰,兪炳敦,韓晶煥,李始衡,許完旭 대한금속재료학회 2002 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.40 No.5
The effect of the basicity on the formation behaviour of calcium ferrites was investigated in the sintering process of Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 system. In the system of Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3, the mineral structure consists of iron oxide particles and matrix phase, which is likely to be CF(calcium ferrite). When SiO_2 is added into Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3 system, the area fraction of CF decreases sharply. When the basicity(CaO/SiO_2) decreases below the unity, CF does not form, and the mineral structure is composed of iron oxide particles and the silicate slag. The iron oxide particles are mainly magnetite in the temperature range higher than 1300℃, while they consist of both magnetite and hematite at the temperatures below 1250℃. When SiO_2 is added into Fe_2O_3-CaO-Al_2O_3 system, the formation of hematite is promoted in the lower temperature range. The increase of SiO_2 content tends to change the composition of CF from hemi-CF to mono-CF. The solubility of solutes such as CaO, Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 in CF increase with the increase of SiO_2 content in the system.
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