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이성복,이승규,Lee, Sung-Bok,Lee, Seung-Gyu 대한심미치과학회 2001 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.10 No.1
In recent years, clinicians' and dentists' esthetic demands in dentistry have increased rapidly. The ultimate goal in modern restorative dentistry is to achieve "white" and "pink" esthetics in the esthetically important zones. Therefore, modern esthetic dentistry involves not only the restoration of lost teeth and their associated hard tissues, but increasingly the management and reconstruction of the encasing gingiva with adequate surgical techniques. Interdental space are filled by interdental papilla in the healthy gingiva, preventing plaque deposition and protecting periodontal tissue from infection. This also inhibits impaction of food remnants and whistling through the teeth during speech. These functional aspects are obviously important, but esthetic aspects are important as well. Complete and predictable restoration of lost interdental papillae remains one of the biggest challenges in periodontal reconstructive surgery. One of the most challenging and least predictable problems is the reconstruction of the lost interdental papilla. The interdental papilla, as a structure with minor blood supply, was left more or less untouched by clinicians. Most of the reconstructive techniques to rebuild lost interdental papillae focus on the maxillary anterior region, where esthetic defects appear interproximally as "black triangle". Causes for interdental tissue loss are, for example, commom periodontal diseases, tooth extraction, excessive surgical periodontal treatment, and localized progressive gingiva and periodontal diseases. If an interdental papilla is absent because of a diastema, orthodontic closure is the treatment of choice. "Creeping" papilla formation has been described by closing the interdental space and creating a contact area. In certain cases this formation can also be achieved with appropriate restorative techniques and alteration of the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth. The presence of an interdental papilla depends on the distance between the crest of bone and the interproximal contact point, allowing it to fill interdental spaces with soft tissue by altering the mesial contours of the adjacent teeth and positioning the contact point more apically. The interdental tissue can also be conditioned with the use of provisional crowns prior to the definitive restoration. If all other procedures are contraindicated or fail, prosthetic solutions have to be considered as the last possibility to rebuild lost interdental papillae. Interdental spaces can be filled using pink-colored resin or porcelain, and the use of a removable gingival mask might be the last opportunity to hide severe tissue defects.
콘크리트의 탄산화 관점에서 CO<sub>2</sub> 배출량-흡수량 평가에 관한 연구
이상현,이성복,이한승,Lee, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Sung-Bok,Lee, Han-Seung 한국콘크리트학회 2009 콘크리트학회논문집 Vol.21 No.1
콘크리트는 생산과정에서 다량의 이산화탄소를 배출하는 시멘트를 사용하기 때문에 반친환경적 재료로 인식되고 있다. 하지만 콘크리트는 사용기간 중 탄산화 과정을 통하여 대기중의 이산화탄소를 흡수한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존문헌 고찰을 통하여 1) 콘크리트 내 탄산화 가능한 물질의 농도, 2) 탄산화된 콘크리트의 체적, 3) 이산화탄소 분자량을 이용, 탄산화를 통한 콘크리트의 이산화탄소 흡수량의 정량적 산출 방법을 제시하였다. 또한 콘크리트 생산에 사용되는 재료들의 이산화탄소 배출량 자료를 이용하여 단위 콘크리트 생산에 따른 이산화탄소 배출량을 정량적으로 산출하였다. 이러한 콘크리트의 이산화탄소 흡수량 및 배출량의 정량적 산출방법을 이용하여 실제 사용중인 아파트 건축물 1동을 대상으로 하여 콘크리트의 생산에 따른 배출량과 사용기간에 따른 이산화탄소 흡수량을 정량적으로 산출하여 이산화탄소의 배출량-흡수량 평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 건축물을 40, 60, 80년 사용시, 사용된 콘크리트의 이산화탄소 배출량 대 흡수량의 비율이 3.65, 4.47, 5.18%로 나타났다. 본 연구는 콘크리트 생산 및 사용에 따른 이산화탄소 배출량-흡수량의 정량적 산정방법에 연구의 목적을 두었으며 이산화탄소 배출량-흡수량 평가 결과 구조물을 80년 사용할 시 약 5.18%로 그 값이 미비하였으나 시멘트의 혼화재 치환율 증가를 통한 배출량 저감과 탄산화 체적 증가를 통한 이산화탄소 흡수량 증가를 통해 배출량-흡수량을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 향후 콘크리트의 이산화탄소 배출량-흡수량 평가에 본 연구의 방법이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. A concrete is considered unfriendly-environmental material because it uses cement which emits much $CO_2$ during producing process. However, a concrete absorbs $CO_2$ through carbonation process during service life. In this paper how much concrete absorbs $CO_2$ through carbonation was calculated using 1) concentration of carbonatable substances in concrete, 2) carbonated volume of concrete, 3) molecular weight of $CO_2$ based on references and the method was proposed. $CO_2$ emission from producing $1m^3$ concrete was calculated based on $CO_2$ emission datum of materials used in concrete. From using these methods that calculate $CO_2$ emission and absorption of concrete, assessment of $CO_2$ emission-absorption against a real apartment was conducted by subtracting absorption $CO_2$ according to service life from $CO_2$ emission in the process of making concrete. As a result, a ratio of absorption over emission of $CO_2$ through concrete carbonation according to service life 40, 60, 80 years was assessed about 3.65, 4.47, 5.18%. An objective of this study is to propose how to calculate emission - absorption of $CO_2$ from producing and using concrete. Although the result value, emission - absorption of $CO_2$, is 5.18% very low when the service life of an apartment is 80years, the value can be improved by reducing emission from using blended cement such as blast furnace slag or increasing replacement ratio of cement and increasing carbonated volume of concrete from expanding service life of a building. This study may be useful when $CO_2$ emission - absorption of concrete is evaluated in the further study.
악기능장애 환자의 교합재구성에 있어서 중심위와 새로운 치료과두위의 중요성
이승규,이성복,최대균,Lee, Seung-Gyu,Lee, Seong-Bok,Choe, Dae-Gyun 대한턱관절교합학회 2001 구강회복응용과학지 Vol.19 No.2
교합조정이나 대부분의 보철치료는 비가역적이어서 명확한 치료 계획이 없이는 섣불리 치료를 시작하지 말아야 한다. 명확한 치료 계획을 위해서는 증상의 원인 인자를 파악해야 하나, 때때로 그 원인이 불분명하여 환자에게 무어라 설명해야 할지 난감한 경우가 많은 것이 바로 이 분야이다. 교합 재구성을 함에 있어서 생체 역학과 근육의 활동량을 고려해야 하는 것은 이미 주지하고 있는 바이다. 즉, 악관절이나 치아에 대한 하중을 조절함으로써 근조직의 안정을 도모하여 적정한 하악위와 원활한 하악운동을 획득하는 것이 교합 재구성의 큰 목적 중 하나이다.
상아질 접착 지각과민 처치제에 대한 치수반응에 관한 연구
유희승,이성복,우이형,박남수,최부병,You, Hee-Seung,Lee, Sung-Bok,Woo, Yi-Hyung,Park, Nam-Soo,Choi, Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.3
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the human pulpal response to Dentin Bonding Desensitizer. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of the first premolars and Dentin Bonding Desensitizer(ALL-BOND Desensitizer, Bisco, Inc. U.S.A.) was applicated in ten experimental teeth, or ZOE(PROPAC, GC Co. TOKYO, JAPAN) cement in eight control teeth and cavities were filled with light curing glass ionomer(Fuji II LC, GC Co., TOKYO, JAPAN). At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval. pulpal response was observed and evaluated histologically with light microscope. The results were as follows. ; 1. At 3-day postoperative interval, the control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. 2. At 25-day postoperative interval, all control teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and in three control teeth grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one teeth showed grade 2 connective tissue response. 3. At 3-day postoperative interval, the experimental teeth were grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response. Below the cavity, a few inflammatory cell(PMNs) in odontoblastic layer, increased blood vessels and pulpal cells were seen and this pulpal response was similar to control teeth. 4. At 25-day postoperative interval, in four experimental teeth grade 1 inflammatory cell response and grade 1 connective tissue response were observed, and one experimental teeth showed mild inflammatory response. 5. At 3-day and 25-day postoperative interval, no reparative dentin deposition was seen. 6. Both experimental and control group, pulpal response showed difference between 3 and 25-day of postoperative interval. In control teeth, increased predentin and pulpal cells were seen and in experimental teeth, congestion of blood vessels and increased pulpal cells were seen. In conclusion, the pulpal irritation due to this Dentin Bonding Desensitizer was not severe, and it was considered that the agent was not harmful to the human pulp.