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이상돈 ( Lee Sang-don ) 한국서양사학회 2018 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.138
중세 이래로 이어져온 코뮌은 1960년대 중반 이후 다시 폭발적으로 성장하며 1970년대 중반까지 미국, 유럽뿐만 아니라 아시아, 남미까지 확산되었다. 이 가운데 덴마크는 국민 1인당 가장 많은 수의 코뮌을 만들어 내며 유럽 코뮌 운동의 중심 역할을 했다. 덴마크 사례를 통해 코뮌 성장의 동기, 1960년대 사회운동과의 관계, 구체적 활동, 위기와 대응을 살펴보고자 한다. 핵가족에 대한 대안적인 공동체 실험 또는 문화 운동의 작은 부분으로 해석해온 기존 문헌의 주장 대신, 코뮌 참가자들이 지배적인 사회질서, 가부장제와 자본주의에 맞서 총체적 사회변혁을 위한 다양하고 새로운 실천을 한 점에 주목하고자 한다. 그들은 카리스마 있는 지도자보다는 개별 코뮌의 상황에 맞게 자치와 연대를 지지했다. 하나의 독립된 완성체로서 각 코뮌은 자신들의 지역사회에서 여러 정치적, 문화적 운동을 벌였다. 다른 사회운동 그룹과 소통하며 여성해방과 환경운동을 위한 공동 활동의 노력도 기울였다. 이를 통해 지역 기반 코뮌 운동은 1960년대와 1970년대를 연결하는 좌파정치의 필수적인 부문으로 성장했다. The communal revival that began in the mid-1960s developed into a new mode of activism, ‘communal activism’ or the ‘commune movement,’ and flourished until the mid-1970s in many parts of the globe. Danes played a key role as a center for the European commune movement producing more communes than anywhere else around the globe per capita. Based on the Danish cases, this paper examines motivations for communal revival, links with 1960s radicalism, communes’ praxis and outward-facing activities, and the crisis within the commune movement and responses to it. Challenging existing interpretations that have understood the communal revival as an alternative living experiment to the nuclear family, or as a smaller part of the counter-culture, this paper argues that commune participants created varied and new experiments for a total revolution against the prevailing social order and its dominant values and institutions, including the patriarchal family and capitalism. Communards embraced autonomy and solidarity based on individual communes’ situations and rejected charismatic leadership. Functioning as an independent entity, each commune engaged with their local communities designing various political and cultural projects. They interacted with other social movement groups through collective work for women’s liberation and environmentalist movement. As a genuine grassroot social movement communal activism became an essential part of leftwing politics bridging the 1960s and 1970s.
李相敦(Lee, Sang-Don) 중앙대학교 법학연구원 2008 法學論文集 Vol.32 No.1
Attorney's fee is one of the most delicate issues in the area of the legal ethics. It is now recognized that attorney's fee is basically ruled by the invisible hands by the free market. However, no country let the attorney's fee run by only 'the invisible hands'. Some countries like Germany set the attorney's fee by the national legislation, but most countries let the bar association rule by themselves. However, when a controversy on the attorney's fee is arisen, the court should provide ultimate solution. There are basically three kinds of attorney' fee ; fixed charge, hourly charge and contingent fee schedule. There are also several variation too. Most controversial is the contingent fee schedule. Contingent fee has significant role as poor people can have access to attorney's service. Also, under the contingent fee schedule, lawyers have strong incentive to work hard. However, it has also negative aspects. Frivolous lawsuits are brought by the lawyers who are playing some kind of lottery in multiple suits. Therefore, some states of the United States limits the scope of the contingent fee schedule. Basic rule is that attorney's fee should be 'reasonable'. There are several court decisions which could provide some answer for the question of how much is enough reasonable. The article also deals with various other issues of attorney's fee.
거친 표면의 마찰온도 해석 및 온도측정 실험에 관한 연구
이상돈,조용주,Lee, Sang-Don,Cho, Yong-Joo 한국트라이볼로지학회 2007 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.23 No.2
The main object of this study is to compare the results that have been concluded by the experiment and to estimate the temperature rise that can cause the contacting surface to be damaged. The former studies are based on the Blok and Jaeger formula. By these formulas we assume that two of the contacted objects are a kind of semi-infinite solid and with this assumption we can make a temperature analysis. But this method doesn't consider lubrication conditions and the calculation time requires a lot of time in that we have to face many difficulties in measuring the actual temperature rise. In this study we combines the semi-infinite solid method and the finite volume method to analyze the temperature of the contacting surface. And we measure temperature rise of the contact surface by dynamic thermocouple.
이상돈(Sang Don Lee) 중앙법학회 2009 中央法學 Vol.11 No.1
The National Trust is thought a viable way to preserve cultural heritage and natural resources. It is especially meaningful as the legal regulation on the land property raises constitutional problems of private property protection. The National Trust movement is commonly thought to have originated from the late nineteenth century England. However, it is only a half-truth, as such movement already existed in the mid and late nineteenth century U.S. However, it is true that U.K. is the first where nation-wide National Trust was first organized. This article documents the origin and development of the National Trust movement in the U.K, the U.S., Australia and Japan. It also analyzes the statutes about the National Trust movement. There is no question about that the National Trust of the U.K. is most successful in terms of property ownership, membership and budget scale. However, in the U.S., many organizations are working like the National Trust of U.K. It should be fair to say that, if the nature preservation movement is included, the U.S. is most active in the National Trust movement. It is also noteworthy that the U.S. organizations invented new mechanism of the land trust and the conservation easement. The article also analyzes the National Trust movement in Australia and Japan. Then it analyzes the Korea`s experience of the National Trust movement. It analyzes the origin and background of the National Trust Act of Korea which took effect in 2007. It concludes that the Act is poorly and wrongly conceived, and therefore should be repealed or at least drastically amended.