한재 이목(寒齋 李穆)의 다부연구(茶賦硏究) : 다부의 내용 및 특성분석

이병인(Pyong-In Yi) 한국차학회 2010 한국차학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Dabu/Chabu (Rhapsody to Tea: 茶賦) written by Han-Jae, Yi Mok (寒齋 李穆: 1471-1498) is one of the most representative tea classics in Korea. The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents and characteristics of Dabu. The results are as follows. 1. The oldest Dabu in existence is Yipyeongsajip 2nd ed.(李評事集 重刊本), published in 1631, the 9th year of Injo of Joseon, which was transmitted as the family book of the Hanjae family. In 1981, Yipyeongsajip was translated into Korean by the Hanjae family commission and published as the Collection of Hanjae (寒齋文集). The Collection of Hanjae has been studied by many scholars in Korea since. 2. Dabu was translated by many scholars in the past such as Ryuseogyeong (1981), Ven. Yongun (1986), Yoonkyeonghyouk (1999), Kimmyeongbae (1999), Kimgilja (2001), Choiyeongseong (2003), Yipyongin and Yiyoungkyoung (2005), and Ryugeonjib (2009). The scholars translated Dabu based on their unique perspectives and added explanations and annotations to the book. 3. Dabu is composed of a title and main contents. The title is Dabu, followed by the subtitle (幷序). The main contents are composed of 1,328 words divided into the introduction (166 words), main subject (1,056 words), and conclusion (106 words). 4. The characteristics of tea analyzed in Dabu are1) the intrinsic value of tea, 2) the three grades of tea (茶三品), 3) the seven effects of tea (茶七效能), 4) the five merits of tea (茶五功), 5) the six virtues of tea (茶六德), and 6) the tea of my heart (吾心之茶). 5. The direct references in Dabu are: Lu Yu's The Classic of Tea (茶經), Xi Kang's "Song of Guqin (琴賦)" and "Yangsheng lun (Theory of Nurturing Health: 養生論)". The indirect references are: the poems of Li Po, Song of liquor, Tao Yuanming's Song of chrysanthemum, Lu Tong's Seven Bowl Tea Song, and Analects. 6. The personnel described in Dabu numbr 34, including saints (Confucius, Laotzu, Mencius), poets, and scholars (Li Bai, Tao Yuanming Han Yu). Among these, Boui was mentioned three times and Confucius, Lu Yu, Xi Kang were each described two times. 7. The kinds of tea explained in Dabu number 36, which are divided into 31 caked teas and 5 loose teas. 8. It has been concluded more study is required on Dabu, Hanjae, and Yi Mok. Therefore, it was suggested that more comprehensive research is needed in the future in order to understand the value of Dabu.

寒齋 李穆에 대한 硏究 現況과 課題

이병인(Pyong-In Yi) 한국차학회 2008 한국차학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study reviews the historic life cycle of Hanjae Yi Mok(寒齋 李穆: 1471-1498) and proposes the future research topics on Hanjae through pointing out the errors in the past studies. Hanjae Yi Mok is the representative tea professional of Chosun Dynasty in Korea. Although he died very young at 28 years old, he wrote Dabu(茶賦)-the oldest tea book in Korea- and established the foundation for Korean tea study area. The important findings of this study are as follows: First, the historic life cycle of Hanjae should be divided into seven periods- four before death and three after death. Second, the basic foundation of the tea way of Hanjae is Confucian philosophy and the main theme is "Tea of My Mind(吾心之茶)" created by sublimation of tea life into the mental world. Third, the real study on Hanjae started after Korean publication of "Book of Hanjae(寒齋文集)" in 1981. Until 1981, Hanjae had been held in high esteem only in the boundary of Hanjae family and Confucian scholars for 480 years. Currently 30 studies on Hanjae have been performed including articles and books. Fourth, the important errors in past studies are found in spelling of name(Hanjae, Yi Mok), the time when Hanjae started tea life, and the time of writing Dabu. Fifth, the future study should focus on the academic and tea philosophy of Hanjae, including Confucian aspect of Hanjae tea life and comprehensive review of Dabu.

전통 사찰의 이용 및 보존 가치에 대한 경제적 평가 - 설악산 신흥사와 가야산 해인사를 중심으로 -

이영경,이병인,한상열,Yi, Young-Kyoung,Yi, Pyong-In,Han, Sang-Yoel 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

The traditional temples located in national parks have various functions, such as religious practice, tourist destination, and conservation for cultural and natural resources. One functions have implicit monetary values in terms of public benefits. The purpose of this study was to estimate both use and non-use conservation values for two traditional temples, Sinheungsa and Haeinsa, using the contingent valuation method. In the study, both single-bounded and double-bounded dichotomous choice methods were used in an application of Turnbull distribution-free model. A total of 659 visitors were interviewed, 350 in Sinheungsa and 309 in Haeinsa. The mean WTP (willingness to pay) for Sinheungsa using single-bounded method was 4,040 Won for the use value, 6,157 Won for the cultural conservation value, and 5,624 Won for the natural conservation value. The mean WTP for Haeinsa using single-bounded method was 6,463 Won for the use value, 8,769 Won for the cultural conservation value, and 8,013 Won for the natural conservation value. The total economic value of each temple accounted for 50% (Sinheungsa) and 80% (Haeinsa) of the total economic value of the associated national park. It was also found that the single-bounded method was more conservative than the double-bounded method in terms of value estimation. The WTP was highest for the cultural conservation value and lowest for the use values in both temples, with natural conservation values falling in the middle, which showed that people perceived traditional temples as the cultural heritage. Based on these results, it was suggested that traditional temples should be designated as an 'multiple heritage area' so that conservation can be used as the main criteria for various use programs.

오대산국립공원 공원문화유산지구 식생비오톱 특성 분석

김지석,이영경,이병인,Kim, Ji-Suk,Yi, Young-Kyoung,Yi, Pyong-In 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.2

국립공원 공원문화유산지구의 식생비오톱 특성을 알아보기 위하여 오대산국립공원을 대상으로 52개의 방형구를 토지이용유형별로 설치하여 식생구조를 조사하였다. 군락분류결과, 6개 군락으로 분류되었으며, 2개 군락의 식별종은 서양민들레, 개망초, 왕포아풀로 도시화지역, 본 조사에서는 사찰지 내에 분포하는 식물이었다. 1개 군락의 식별종은 양지꽃으로 숲 가장자리에 주로 분포하는 종이었으며, 3개 군락의 식별종은 조릿대와 신갈나무로 산림지역 분포식물이었다. TWINSPAN에 의한 군락분류와 DCA 기법을 활용한 서열분석을 통하여 공원문화유산지구는 사찰비오톱, 사면벌채지비오톱, 산림비오톱으로 구분할 수 있었으며 유형별 종수, 귀화식물, 상대우점치, 유사성에서 차이를 확인하였다. 사찰비오톱 우점종은 왕포아풀과 쑥이었으며, 사면벌채지비오톱은 미역줄나무, 산림비오톱은 신갈나무, 전나무, 느릅나무였다. 사면벌채지비오톱은 다른 비오톱에 비하여 출현 종수가 많았으며, 사찰비오톱은 귀화식물 출현 종수가 많았다. We investigated the vegetation structure in Cultural Heritage Site of Odaesan National Park using 52 quadrats for each type of land use to figure out some characteristics of plant biotope. As we classified vegetation communities, they are six groups of communities. distinguished species in two of them are Taraxacum officinal, Erigeron annuus and Poa pratensis which are common in urban areas. Distinguished species in one of them are Potentilla fragarioides var. major which is common in outskirt of forest. And Distinguished species in another 3 communities are Sasa borealis and Quercus mongolica which are common in forest. Using TWINSPAN and DCA, we are able to classify the six communities into 3 types biotope (temple-biotope, slope-biotope, forest-biotope) in Cultural Heritage Site. The dominant species of urban-biotope are Poa pratensis, Artemisia prinseps and that of slope-biotope is Tripterygium regelii. Also the dominant species of forest-biotope are Quercus mongolica, Abies holophylla and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. We could see more species in slope-biotope than another biotope types. Moreover, in urban-biotope types, we could find many of naturalized plant species.

차(茶)문헌에 나타난 약수의 수질특성에 관한 연구

이병인(Pyong-In Yi),권정환(Jung-hwan Kwon),고소희(So-hui Ko),홍성철(Sung-chul Hong),이용재(Yong-jae Lee),이영경(Young-kyoung) 한국차학회 2017 한국차학회지 Vol.23 No.2

In this study, mineral water was selected based on the tea literatures. The results of the analysis of the water quality of the selected mineral water are as follows. 1. As a result of the field survey, the pH, ORP, DO, conductivity, salinity and temperature satisfied Korean water quality standards (spring water). 2. In the inorganic and organic substances analysis, no hazardous inorganic substances were detected. Some harmful organic substances were detected, but the mineral water satisfied the Korean water quality standards (spring water) and can be used as tea water. 3. In terms of its aesthetic impact, the material analysis suggested that the mineral water generally satisfied the Korean drinking water quality standards (spring water). The level of iron was high in some areas and, consequently, the frequency of use of the water was low. The level of iron had no influence on health, but it did influence the taste of the tea. 4. Overall, the water described in the tea literatures is judged to satisfy Korean drinking water quality standards (spring water), but it is necessary to clean it to make it less for turbid.

찻물의 이화학적 수질특성에 관한 연구

이병인(Pyong-in Yi),이영경(Young-kyoung Yi),권정환(Jung-hwan Kwon),고소희(So-hui Ko),서창동(Chang-dong Seo),박제성(Je-sung Park),서정민(Jeong-min Suh),장성호(Seong-ho Jang),홍성철(Sung-chul Hong) 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information through field research and physiochemical water analysis for tea water based on an old literature research. A survey of the site was conducted from June 2013 to December 2014. The results are as follows. The onsite water quality characteristics of tea water, such as pH, ORP, DO, conductivity, salinity, and temperature, were measured and found to be suitable for drinking water based on the quality standards of Korea. Microorganisms were detected in most cases, which might be due to mammals in the mountains. The long-term management of microorganisms was deemed necessary. The health impacts of hazardous organic and inorganic materials were either not detected or detected only small amount. This might be due to the influence of geological stratum, which suggests that health is not a major problem. The overall analysis showed that the investigated waters were clean. On the other hand, some unused divisor was unsuitable for drinking water because of the congestion caused by the precipitated material.

우리나라 茶人들의 茶書畵에 대한 인식조사 연구

이병인(Pyong-In Yi),이영경(Young-Kyoung Yi),이상혁(Sang-Houck Lee) 한국차학회 2008 한국차학회지 Vol.14 No.3

Tea calligraphy and painting refers to the calligraphies and paintings that are displayed in Tea rooms. Past studies with regard to tea paintings have been conducted mostly for Chosun Dynasty, which results in little information on current trend for tea calligraphy and paintings in modern tea life. This research aims to investigate the current trend and characteristics for tea calligraphy and paintings using questionnaire survey. The survey was performed to 201 tea peoples who consider themselves as having tea lives. The important findings on the current characteristics of tea calligraphy and painting are as follows: 1) Elegance(31.3%), spirit(27.9%), harmony(24.9%) were evaluated as the important conditions for the tea calligraphy and painting, 2) Zen calligraphy and painting(39.3%) and four gentlemen painting(26.4%) were found as the most popular categories of tea calligraphy and painting. 3) The desirable contents of tea calligraphy and painting were chosen as tea- related(47.3%), and nature-related(26.9%). 4) Scroll(47.8%) and frame(25.4%) were the most used forms of tea calligraphy and painting. The found characteristics of the owned tea calligraphy and paintings are as follows: 1) Among the participants, 112 people(55.7%) had their own tea rooms. 2) Zen calligraphy and four gentlemen painting occupied respectively 36.6% and 24.1% of the owned tea calligraphy and paintings. 3) the content were zen-related(36.6%), tea-related(29.5%), and nature-related(27.7%). 4) The popular forms were scroll(48.2%) and frame(36.6%). In conclusion, it was suggested that more research should be performed in the future in order to create the new tea-culture that can match modern tea life.

자연공원지역 사찰쓰레기의 특성평가

이병인 ( Pyong In Yi ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2008 환경영향평가 Vol.17 No.5

국내 차(茶)문헌에 나타난 샘물의 물맛평가에 관한 연구

이병인(Pyong in Yi),권정환(Jung hwan Kwon),이영경(Young kyoung Yi) 한국차학회 2017 한국차학회지 Vol.23 No.4

차(茶)문헌 등에서 찻물로 사용되는 유명 샘물을 기준으로 물맛평가를 수행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 맛과 냄새 등에 영향을 주는 심미적 영향물질 분석결과, 경도는 6.00∼136.00 mg/L (평균 43.12 mg/L), 과망간산칼륨소비량이 불검출(1곳)∼5.00 mg/L (평균 0.99mg/L), 수소이온농도는 pH 6.81∼8.50 (평균 pH 7.72), 용존산소는 2.76∼15.82 mg/L (평균 9.54 mg/L), 전기전도도는 10.00∼434.00 us/cm (평균 112.80 us/cm), 온도는 7.20∼20.65℃ (평균 15.76℃), 총고형물은 15.00∼290.00 mg/L(평균 74.03 mg/L)로 나타났으며, 먹는물 수질기준(샘물)에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 경도는 전반적으로 연수이며, 찻물로의 사용에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 물맛영향인자 분석결과 나트륨은 불검출(5곳)∼14.700 mg/L (평균 2.274 mg/L), 칼슘은 1.200∼49.400 mg/L(평균 11.377 mg/L), 마그네슘은 불검출(1곳)∼10.700mg/L (평균 2.228 mg/L), 칼륨은 0.100∼8.000 mg/L (평균 0.928 mg/L), 이산화규소는 2.780∼34.650 mg/L (평균 19.266 mg/L), 황산이온은 불검출(1곳)∼79.000 mg/L (평균 7.718 mg/L), 아연은 불검출(16곳)∼0.096 mg/L (평균 0.010 mg/L), 철은 불검출(33곳)∼0.730 mg/L (평균 0.028mg/L) 염소이온은 불검출(1곳)∼12.000 mg/L (평균 4.274mg/L)의 범위가 나타났으며, 먹는물 수질기준(샘물)에 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 물맛을 좋게 하는 인자 중 함유량의 크기별로 나열하면, SiO2 (19.266) > Ca (11.377) > K (0.928)의 크기로 나타났으며, 물맛을 흐리게 하는 인자 중 SO₄²⁻(7.718) > Mg (2.228)의 순서로 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 물맛평가지표 분석결과, O-index는 0.77∼18.30(평균 5.26), K-index는 -3.99∼49.40 (평균 9.40)로 나타났으며, 조사대상지별로 맛있는 물 15곳, 건강한 물 2곳, 맛있고 건강한 물 17곳, 일반 물 5곳으로 나타났으며, 전반적으로 맛있고 건강한 물로 나타났다. 종합적으로 조사대상지의 샘물은 전체적으로 연수의 성질과 약알칼리성으로 나타났으며, 물맛평가 또한 맛있고 건강한 물로 나타나 찻물의 활용이 매우 좋을 것으로 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the water quality and water taste evaluation of some spring waters described in the tea literature. 1. Aesthetic materials analysis result: The overall hardness of the water is soft, its pH range was from 6.81-8.50 (Average pH 7.72) and it was therefore mostly alkaline. It is suitable for use as drinking water (spring water). 2. Analysis of factors influencing the water taste: Its water quality was of a suitable standard (spring water). The contents of the ingredients good for the flavor were SiO₂ (19.266) > Ca (11.377) > K (0.928) and the contents of the ingredients bad for the flavor were SO₄²⁻(7.718) > Mg (2.228). 3. The results of the evaluation of the taste and healthiness: The O-Index was 0.77-18.30 (Average 5.26) and the K-Index was -3.99-49.40 (Average 9.40). It was appear the total of 39 items, including tasty waters 15, healthy waters 2, tasty and healthy waters 17, general water 5, and most of waters were good taste and healthiness. In conclusion, the collected spring water is considered to be soft, weakly alkaline, tasty and healthy water which can be used as tea water.

연구논문 : 다중회귀모형을 이용한 벤츄리가 없는 충격기류식 여과집진장치 압력손실 예측

서정민 ( Jeong Min Suh ),박정호 ( Jeong Ho Park ),조재환 ( Jae Hwan Cho ),진경호 ( Kyung Ho Jin ),정문섭 ( Moon Sub Jung ),이병인 ( Pyong In Yi ),홍성철 ( Sung Chul Hong ),시바쿠마르최금찬 ( S Sivakumar ),최금찬 ( Kum Chan Choi ) 한국환경과학회 2014 한국환경과학회지 Vol.23 No.12

In this study, pressure drop was measured in the pulse jet bag filter without venturi on which 16 numbers of filter bags (Ø140 × 850 ℓ) are installed according to operation condition(filtration velocity, inlet dust concentration, pulse pressure, and pulse interval) using coke dust from steel mill. The obtained 180 pressure drop test data were used to predict pressure drop with multiple regression model so that pressure drop data can be used for effective operation condition and as basic data for economical design. The prediction results showed that when filtration velocity was increased by 1%, pressure drop was increased by 2.2% which indicated that filtration velocity among operation condition was attributed on the pressure drop the most. Pressure was dropped by 1.53% when pulse pressure was increased by 1% which also confirmed that pulse pressure was the major factor affecting on the pressure drop next to filtration velocity. Meanwhile, pressure drops were found increased by 0.3% and 0.37%, respectively when inlet dust concentration and pulse interval were increased by 1% implying that the effects of inlet dust concentration and pulse interval were less as compared with those changes of filtration velocity and pulse pressure. Therefore, the larger effect on the pressure drop the pulse jet bag filter was found in the order of filtration velocity(Vf), pulse pressure(Pp), inlet dust concentration(Ci), pulse interval(Pi). Also, the prediction result of filtration velocity, inlet dust concentration, pulse pressure, and pulse interval which showed the largest effect on the pressure drop indicated that stable operation can be executed with filtration velocity less than 1.5 m/min and inlet dust concentration less than 4 g/m3. However, it was regarded that pulse pressure and pulse interval need to be adjusted when inlet dust concentration is higher than 4 g/m3. When filtration velocity and pulse pressure were examined, operation was possible regardless of changes in pulse pressure if filtration velocity was at 1.5 m/min. If filtration velocity was increased to 2 m/min. operation would be possible only when pulse pressure was set at higher than 5.8 kgf/cm2. Also, the prediction result of pressure drop with filtration velocity and pulse interval showed that operation with pulse interval less than 50 sec. should be carried out under filtration velocity at 1.5 m/min. While, pulse interval should be set at lower than 11 sec. if filtration velocity was set at 2 m/min. Under the conditions of filtration velocity lower than 1 m/min and high pulse pressure higher than 7 kgf/cm2, though pressure drop would be less, in this case, economic feasibility would be low due to increased in installation and operation cost since scale of dust collection equipment becomes larger and life of filtration bag becomes shortened due to high pulse pressure.