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부로일러에 대한 우렁쉥이 ( 멍게 ) 껍질분의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구
김용두,이후림,이병달 ( Yong Doo Kim,Hu Lim Lee,Byung Dal Lee ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.3
This experiment was carried out to study the nutritive value of sea squirt shell meal and to determine the optimum level of the meal in broiler diets using 96 broiler chicks for 4-week feeding period. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Sea squirt shell meal was found to contain 27.88% crude protein, 1.12% crude fat, 35.50% crude fiber, 13.78% crude ash, 3.47% calcium and 7.46% NaCl. 2. No significant difference was found among treatments in body weight gain. However, the 5% treatment showed the best growth rate and the 30% treatment was the lowest. 3. Feed intake showed the same trend as body weight gain did. No significant difference was found among treatments in feed intake. 4. Feed efficiency for 0%, 5% and 10% treatments was 0.4, 0.36 and and 0.36, respectively. However, no significant difference was found in feed efficiency among treatments. 5. Of all the treatments, only the 10% treatment showed 6% mortality.
임상연구 : 외래 마취 환자에서 포도당 용액과 하트만 용액의 투여 용량이 마취 회복에 미치는 영향
신영희 ( Young Hee Shin ),안현주 ( Hyun Joo Ahn ),최수주 ( Soo Joo Choi ),이원형 ( Won Hung Lee ),이병달 ( Byung Dal Lee ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.1
Background: Adequate fluid administration for ambulatory anesthesia has not been widely studied because most patients are healthy and operations are short durations and not invasive. However, long pre-operative nothing per os (NPO) time is known to affect post-operative complications like pain, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, thirsty, sore throat, or well-being sensation. And amount of administered fluid or inclusion of dextrose during the operation could exercise great influence on those symptoms. Therefore, we compared four fluid regimens; 5% dextrose water 2 ml/kg (D/W2), 20 ml/kg (D/W20) and Hartmann`s solution 2 ml/kg (H/S2), 20 ml/kg (H/S20) regarding to post-operative complications of ambulatory anesthesia. Methods: One hundred and sixty ambulatory anesthesia patients of ASA 1 or 2 undergoing general anesthesia or monitored anesthesia care were randomly assigned into D/W2, D/W20, H/S2 or H/S20. Each group of patients received 5% dextrose water 2 ml/kg, 20 ml/kg, Hartmann`s solution 2 ml/kg, or 20 ml/kg for 30 min, respectively. Complications like pain, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, thirsty, sore throat, or well-being sensation of patients were checked with systemized questionnaire check box graded 4 scales at recovery room, at evening and at 24 hours later. Results: H/S20 group was better in nausea, thirsty and well-being sensation. Sixteen percent of patients showed hypoglycemia before anesthesia. Dextrose water resulted transient hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis. Conclusions: Large amount of Hartmann`s solution was generally better regarding post-operative complications. We should pay attention at peri-operative hypoglycemia for ambulatory anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 52: 55~61)
임상연구 : 진통제와 환자 조절 진통(Patient-Controlled Analgesia)에 대한 수술 전 교육이 수술 후 진통제 사용량에 미치는 영향
박정헌 ( Jeong Heon Park ),권민아 ( Min A Kwon ),구명신 ( Myoung Shin Koo ),김용익 ( Yong Ik Kim ),김순임 ( Soon Im Kim ),김선종 ( Sun Chong Kim ),강진구 ( Jin Gu Kang ),조현성 ( Hyun Sung Cho ),이병달 ( Byung Dal Lee ),김갑수 ( G 대한마취과학회 2006 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.51 No.6
Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the patients` general perception about the analgesics and the effects of the preoperative education about analgesics and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Methods: One hundred patients scheduled for elective gastrectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. In control group (n = 50), patients were given conventional preanesthetic visit with questionnaire survey on PCA one day before operation. In study group (n = 50), patients were sufficiently explained about postoperative analgesia and PCA by anesthesiologist and given precise explanation sheet about PCA. Total amounts of drug used in PCA as well as rescue analgesics, the pain scores, and side effects were compared. Results: 62.2% of patients had much information from various sources that analgesics effects positively in the recovery phase, but actually 73.7% of patients considered that analgesics do not seem to have any influence on the recovery after operation. There was no difference between the amounts of total PCA used, rescue analgesics, and the pain scores. However, the educated patients complained less dizziness at postoperative days (POD) one. Also, the number of patients excluded from study due to the PCA discontinuation secondary to related side effects was less in educated patients (P = 0.025). Conclusions: Preoperative education about analgesics and PCA failed to demonstrate significant decrease in the amount of analgesics and of pain scores. However, it lowered the incidence of PCA discontinuation due to side effects. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2006; 51: 715~9)
이병달,이현화,이우용,양미경,함태수,이정진,김정수 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.2
Background: Ultrafiltration, used in pediatric cardiac operations to remove excessive body water, can be separated into conventional and modified techniques according to the connection with the bypass circuit and the time of starting ultrafiltration. Ultrafiltration provides more precise hemodynamic and fluid management immediately after CPB(cardiopulmonary bypass), especially in the pediatric patient. The mechanism by which blood pressure improves remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrafiltration for hemodynamics and reduce the blood consumption amounts in paediatric open heart operations. Methods: Fourty children undergoing surgical correction of VSD(ventricular septal defect) or ASD (atrial septal defect) were randomly assigned to a ultrafiltration or control group. Conventional ultrafiltration was performed with a polysurphone hemofilter during rewarming of CPB. Modified ultrafiltration carried out in the first 10 to 15 minutes immediately after bypass. In all patients, moderate hypothermic CPB, in the range of 20∼25oC body temperature, was performed with nonpulsating flow. Results: Demographic data as well as data from CPB did not differ among the groups. In the ultrafiltration group, significant reductions of the amount of blood transfusion significant increases in systolic pressure and hematocrit were noted in the ultrafiltration group. We have been impressed with what appears to be a marked improvement in hemodynamic status in the modified ultrafiltration process during the first few minutes. Conclusions: Ultrafiltration has been employed successfully in our hospital, and this study demonstrates that ultrafiltration may help to control water balance, concentration of blood, increase systemic arterial pressure and reduces intraoperative blood transfusion. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 315∼323)
Clonidine 경구 투여가 복식자궁절제술을 받는 환자의 Cytokines와 스트레스 호르몬의 반응에 미치는 영향
이병달,김명희,김진경,신백효,김유홍,박종도,한태형 대한마취과학회 1998 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.35 No.2
Background : Surgery cause alterations in immune and neuroendocrine responses. Cytokines and stress hormones are importanat mediators which modulate the various immune reactions. The aim of present study is to investigate whether clonidine premedication can affect on the concentrations of cytokines and stress hormones in abdominal hysterectomy patients. Methods : Twenty two healthy women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to two groups: eleven control patients and eleven clonidine(0.15 mg) pretreated patients. Variations in blood cytokines, Interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), IL-2, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ), and stress hormones, cortisol and ACTH were studied. Blood sampling were conducted 4 times in each patient: after induction, after incision, after surgery 1 h and 3 h. Cytokines assays were carried out with commercially available ELISA kits, and cortisol with radioimmunoassay and ACTH with immunoradiometric assay. Results : IL-1 increased early and the concentrations of IL-1 in clonidine treated group were significantly lower than control. The mean concentrations of IL-2 at 1 and 3 h after surgery were slightly higher than after induction in clonidine treated group. IL-6 increased significantly at 3 h after surgery in both groups. Clonidine lowered IL-6 during the whole period. TNF- , and cortisol and ACTH concentraitons were not affected by clonidin. Conclusions : Clonidine pretreatment decreased IL-1 and IL-6 concentrations, but not stress hormones in response to abdominal hysterectomy. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1998; 35: 327∼333)