국어 성조 체계의 ‘말(馬)’-형 선호 경향과 그 의의

이문규(Lee, Moon-Kyu) 한국어문학회 2018 語文學 Vol.0 No.141

Among several tone patterns in the Korean tone system, there is a tendency for the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern to have the strongest preference. This is based on the following several tonal phenomena: 1) All three replacements of tonal patterns that are common in the middle Korean and the modern Korean tone dialects aim the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern. And these replacements have been expanded with time. 2) The ‘mal(馬)’-pattern is the common tonal pattern of all the symbolic words in both the middle Korean and the modern Korean tone dialects. 3) The ‘mal(馬)’-pattern shows a significantly higher share in the tonal patterns of Sino-Korean family names than in the sound of Chinese characters used for other words. 4) The ratio of the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern has diachronically increased in the tonal patterns of Sino-Korean words. It is reasonable to assume that the preference for the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern should go back to the period when the pattern was with the initial-low-tone since it is phonetically the most unmarked tonal pattern. Furthermore, it can also be assumed that the tone systems of the middle Korean and the Hamgyeong-dialect group with the ‘mal(馬)’-pattern in the initial-low-tone, are the closest to the proto-Korean tone system.

성조형 실현 규칙의 임의화와 16세기 말엽의 성조 체계

이문규(Lee, Moon-Kyu) 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.137

The Incapacitation of the actualization rules of the tonal pattern (TP) reveals the remarkable changes since the “side-dot” began to be used in the documents in the history of Korean tonal system. It is noted that no other significant changes occurred in the level of morphemic TP or combination of TP in the same period. The actualization rules of TP consists of the “pitch-assignment rules” and the “pitch-adjustment rules.” These actualization rules in Korean were gradually incapacitated toward the end of the sixteenth century. During the mid-fifteenth century, the surface TP of a phonological word was aligned with the actualization rules of TP. However, it brought the changes at the end of sixteenth century, affected by the incapacitation of the pitch-assignment rules and the pitch-adjustment rules. The incapacitation of the actualization rules of TP has blurred the distinction between tonal patterns and pitches. Additionally, this phenomenon is interpreted to cause the dephonologizing of Korean tones. In conclusion, the incapacitation of the actualization rules of TP shows that the second stage of tonological changes of Korean language had already appeared in the end of the sixteenth century. It seems reasonable to argue that the tonal system in the sixteenth century should be distinct from that of the mid-fifteenth century. Until the sixteenth century the incapacitation of the actualization has been complete, as the source materials maintain the morphemic TP system and the first stage of tonological pattern in the fifteenth century.

‘말(語)-류’ 성조형의 방언 간 대응 양상과 의의

이문규(Lee, Moon-kyu) 한국어문학회 2015 語文學 Vol.0 No.128

This study examines the correspondence aspects of ‘mal(語)-pattern’ and direction of change of tonal system in the Korean tone dialects. The correspondence aspects of the surface tonal patterns of ‘mal(語)-class’ in middle Korean and several modern tone dialects are may be summarized as follows. [표참조] After considering the aspects, we can realize the fact that there is a tendency for ‘mal(語)-pattern’ to be integrated into ‘mal(斗)-pattern’ or ‘mal(馬)-pattern’ in Korean tonology. The ‘mal(語)-pattern’ [HLLL] of Yukjin dialects is the result of the change ‘[RLLL] >[HLLL]’. And ‘mal(語)- pattern’ [HHLL] of the young generation of Daegu dialect is the the result of the change ‘[RHLL] > [HHLL]’. Both [HLLL] and [HHLL] are ‘mal(斗)- pattern’ in those dialects. On the other hand, [LHLL] of Jinju dialect is ‘mal (馬)-pattern’. At the pitch system level, this integrating phenomenon of ‘mal(語)-class’ is the process in which ‘rising’ or ‘lowest’ pitch extinct because of their articulatory difficulties. And at complexity class of tonal system, this phenomenon implicate that three-tonal patterns system of Korean tonal dialects changes to two-tonal patterns systems, and ultimately these dialects are changing to non-tone language.

PNF 하지패턴이 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 근활성도에 미치는 영향

이문규,김종만,김원호,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Man,Kim, Won-Ho 대한물리치료학회 2009 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) leg patterns on muscle activation of paretic and nonparetic arm in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods: Eighteen hemiparetic patients participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform four PNF leg patterns against maximal manual resistance on nonparetic leg. EMG data were collected from biceps and triceps on the paretic and nonparetic side. The measured EMG data was digitized and processed to root mean square (RMS) and expressed as percentage maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to determine the statistical significance. Results: The results of this study were summarized as follows: Firstly, during four PNF patterns application, all of the %MVIC values of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arms increased significantly compared with resting condition (p<0.05). Secondly, there was a significant difference in %MVIC of paretic biceps between PNF leg pattern 1 and 4 (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, regardless of the kinematic components of PNF leg patterns, all of the muscle activation of biceps and triceps in paretic and nonparetic arm was significantly increased. The finding of this study indicates that irradiation effect caused by PNF leg patterns is beneficial for increased muscle activation of both paretic and nonparetic arms in post-stroke patients.

ICF 모형의 고유수용성신경근촉진법 실기 적용

이문규,김태윤,Lee, Moon-kyu,Kim, Tae-yoon 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2009 PNF and Movement Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : To provide a convenient framework for PNF practice, we reviewed the relationship between ICF framework and PNF framework. Methods : We reviewed literatures related with ICF and PNF. Results : ICF model is useful tool for physical therapist who is working in PNF to identify the interactions the components of individual's health, especially the relationship between functioning and disability. A framework for PNF is philosophy which included the concept, functional approach. It is essential to identify primary activity limitation and causal impairment in PNF field and evaluate the their relationship. The ICF model can be used to classify the examination information. Next step is to prioritize the activity limitation and then evaluate the interrelationships among each components of the ICF framework. Conclusions : ICF model guides physical therapist in PNF practice to identify patient problems and evaluate the interrelationship of components of their health. This model is logical framework to directs functional approach as PNF philosophy to be approached the goal.

BIM기반 공동주택 마감 물량 산출 정확도 연구

이문규,진상윤,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Chin, Sang-Yoon 한국건설관리학회 2013 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1

건설 산업 생애주기 전반에 걸친 정보를 BIM을 활용하여 관리할 수 있게 되었다. 그 중에서도 BIM기반 물량산출은 공사비와 직결되는 중요한 관리 요소로서 사업 타당성 및 경제성 분석을 위한 필수적인 관리 요소 중에 하나이다. 또한, BIM기반 물량산출 Data는 작업자마다 물량산출 결과가 상이하게 나타날 수 있으므로 BIM모델 구축에 대한 정확한 기준이 필요하다. 이러한 BIM기반 물량 산출은 정보의 신뢰성과 정확도 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 BIM기반 물량산출 결과의 정확도 및 신뢰성을 판단하고, BIM 모델링의 현실적이고 바람직한 방법을 제시하고자 단위세대 내부 마감재를 개별부재와 복합부재로 모델링하여 산출되는 BIM기반 물량산출 결과를 정량적으로 비교 검증하였다. 연구의 결과, 정확한 BIM기반 물량산출을 위해서는 다양한 마감재를 개별부재로 모델링하는 것이 바람직하지만, 작업의 생산성 측면에서 보다 현실적인 BIM기반 물량산출을 위해서는 개별부재와 복합부재를 병용하여 모델링 작업을 실시하는 것이 현실적인 BIM 모델링 방법임이 검증되었다. Construction industry throughout the construction projects life cycle using BIM is able to manage information. Among them, BIM-based quantity take-off is directly connected to the data of the construction business as an important management element that is essential for one of the management factors of feasibility study and economic analysis. In addition, the result of BIM-based quantity take-off can be varied depending on modeler, so the exact guideline for BIM modeling is necessary. The BIM-based quantity take-off in terms of reliability and accuracy of the information is very important. Therefore, this study verified the BIM modeling of the apartment interior materials using both separate object and composite object was validated the quantitative comparison of the difference in BIM-based quantity take-off for accuracy & reliability judgment of BIM-based quantity take-off and realistic & desirable suggestion of BIM modeling way. As the result of this study, it is preferable to model various interior materials to use separate object for the purpose of correct BIM-based quantity take-off, but the realistic way of the BIM modeling using both separate object and composite object jointly was verified in order to judge BIM-based quantity take-off in terms of work productivity.

PNF를 이용한 보행 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 균형 및 보행에 미치는 영향(단일사례설계)

이문규,윤태원,김윤환,임재헌,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Yun, Tae-Won,Kim, Yoon-Hwan,Lim, Jae-Heon 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2012 PNF and Movement Vol.10 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of a gait training using PNF on a gait and balance ability of a person with chronic stroke. Methods : The subject was left hemiplegia due to cerebral infarction. The subject participated in PNF gait training session as well as baseline for 30 minutes a day for 4 weeks. we used the 10-meter walking test(10MWT), figure-8-of walk test(F8WT), dynamic gait index(DGI) for measuring the gait ability and four square step test(FSST), Berg balance scale(BBS) for measuring the balance ability through the whole sessions. Results : The gait ability was enhanced compared to first baseline, as measured by 10MWT(27.3%), F8WT(36.6%), DGI(8 points increased). The balance ability was improved compared to first baseline, as measured by FSST(49.1%), BBS(10 points increased). The increase was maintained in second baseline session. Conclusion : The PNF gait training program is helpful to enhance the adaptation of the gait and balance according to the various environmental demands.

압착단자의 3차원 검사를 위한 스테레오 비젼 알고리즘

이문규,장상원,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Jang, Sang-Won 대한산업공학회 1998 산업공학 Vol.11 No.2

This paper suggests a stereo vision-based algorithm for the 3-dimensional inspection of a crimped terminal. The crimped terminal is one of wire harness assemblies which transmit current or signals between a pair of electrical or electronic assemblies. Four types of nonconformities considered includes terminal rolling, band up/down, twist, and crimp height. To obtain stereo image correspondence, an algorithm using Hough transform is proposed. Coordinate transform is then applied to evaluate the degree of 3-dimensional nonconformities. The algorithm has been successfully tested on a number of real specimens collected from a wire harness factory. The test results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

신경계물리치료에서의 근거중심실기(2) -지속가능한 EBP 수행을 위한 정보검색 기술-

이문규,김태윤,임재헌,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Kim, Tae-Yoon,Lim, Jae-Heon 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2017 PNF and Movement Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: Researchers found that blocks of evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation lacked opportunities for EBP education. The study found that physical therapists had negative views of research as well as their roles in EBP, lacked confidence in EBP, and had limited access to web-based materials. The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of information research technology for efficient EBP in a clinical environment. Methods: The web-based information research technologies that should be used for sustainable EBP include: the clinical practice guideline (CPG) and PubMed's My NCBI service. Journal mailing services and other academic information sources should also be used to gather information from RSS feeds. An EBP library or archive must be created. A site that provides EBP-specific information is also needed. Results: We should usually do EBP. Practitioners must learn and use information technologies that will help them improve their EBP skills. Conclusion: Facilitating EBP implementation and building an EBP system require related education as well as a practical work environment and equipment. However, the highest priority is individual efforts and trial. Information technology will complement the lack of time. It is important to use information research technology to overcome real obstacles. Lasting EBP must use a number of web-based information research technologies to overcome the practical challenges encountered in EBP implementation.

고유수용성 신경근 촉진법이 편마비 환자의 균형능력에 미치는 영향

이문규,이종식,정우식,국은주,임재헌,김태윤,Lee, Moon-Kyu,Lee, Jong-Sik,Jeong, Woo-Sik,Kuk, Eun-Ju,Lim, Jae-Heon,Kim, Tae-Yoon 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2009 PNF and Movement Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) on balance ability in poststroke hemiparetic subjects. Methods : The subjects of this study were 12 patients with hemiplegia who volunteered to participate in the experiment which was carried out over the course of 4 weeks. The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation is applied to group with three positions (sidelying, half-standing, modified plantigrade). The tests between before and after the intervention were measured by FSST (Four Square Step Test), FICSIT-4 (Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques), BBS(Berg Balance Scale). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine the statistical significance. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. After intervention, the score of BBS and FICSIT-4 significantly were increased compared with before intervention. 2. After intervention, the time of FSST were reduced significantly compared with before intervention. Conclusions : According to above results, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation improved with balance ability of patients with hemiplegia. This study provided basic data for effects Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on balance ability. In conclusion, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation with other interventions is effective way to improve balance ability of patients with hemiplegia.