한국어 부사격 조사 `-에`와 `-에서`의 중국어 대응 양상 연구

이문화 ( Li Wen-hua ) 국제어문학회 2015 국제어문 Vol.0 No.65

이 연구는 사전 기술과 드라마 병렬말뭉치 자료를 중심으로 한국어 조사 `-에`와 `-에서`의 의미를 살펴보고 세부 의미별로 대응되는 중국어 표현을 분석하였다. 현재 한·중 사전은 `-에`, `-에서`에 대응되는 중국어 표현을 매우 빈약하게 제시하고 있다. 병렬말뭉치 분석 결과 한국어 `-에`와 `-에서`는 조사이지만 그에 대응되는 중국어 표현은 조사뿐만 아니라 `개사`, `명사`, `접속사`, `개사구`, `부사` 등으로 다양했다. 또한 한국어에서 `-에`와 `-에서`는 분명히 구별되지만 `장소` 의미에 대응되는 중국어 대역어는 동일하게 나타났다. 그리고 `-에`와 `-에서`의 의미 중 중국어에 대응 표현이 없는 경우도 있었다. 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 자세히 다루어지지 않았던 `-에`와 `-에서`의 중국어 대응 표현들을 체계적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 한·중 병렬말뭉치를 분석해 실증적으로 한·중 대응 표현을 분석한 본 연구의 결과는 교수학습 현장 및 대조언어학 연구의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 또한 한·중 사전에서 `-에`와 `-에서`의 대역어를 보충하는 데에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Chinese learners of Korean language usually commit many errors in distinguishing between the Korean `e` and `eseo` postpositional particles. It is primarily because of the similarities in form, distribution, and use of both particles. Also, there exists various and complicated Chinese corresponding phrases to these two particles. Furthermore, the category of such Korean particles differ from their corresponding Chinese expressions. Specifically, the former belong to particle category only while the latter belong to noun, adverb, conjunction, and other domains, thus a variety in usage. This study investigated existing dictionary sources and parallel corpus of dramas used as substantiating evidence. From these materials, the meanings of Korean `e` and `eseo` postpositional particles were examined. After which, their respective meanings were analyzed and juxtaposed with their corresponding Chinese counterparts. Results revealed the following. First, it confirmed that there are insufficient conditions in the Chinese particles in regard to `e` and `eseo` particles that can be found in the Korean-Chinese dictionary. Second, it clarified that Chinese counterparts of Korean `e` and `eseo` particles include various categories such as noun, conjunction, adverb and others. This was evident when forms and syntax of various Chinese corresponding expressions in different categories were presented and explained. Third, despite the difference in form between `e` and `eseo`, they share a similarity with regards to the meaning of `location` in the form and meaning of five kinds of Chinese target words. Fourth, it identified conditions where the respective meanings of `e` and `eseo` do not correspond. Specifically in the meaning of `e` particle, this study discovered that it does not correspond well with Chinese categories involving `emphasis`, `qualification`, `time`,`measure`, `tool`, `means`, and `subjunction`. Fifth, it also identified the Korean modifier expression of `eseo`. Sixth, it revealed the new and frequency use of corresponding spoken Chinese expressions of Korean `e` and `eseo` particles which the existing literature have not identified. This study is significant in three ways. One is that it can be a material which can further substantiate the parallel corpus as a dependable source of data/information from which Chinese learners are the subject of study. Another way is that it can be a helpful resource to Korean language instructors as well as Chinese learners of Korean language in the field of language education. Finally, it can be a useful basic material in Contrastive Linguistics studies. Specifically, it can enrich the five kinds of Chinese target words relating to `e` and `eseo` particles.

일반논문 : 한국어 “있다”와 “없다”에 대응하는 중국어 표현 연구 -한·중 드라마 병렬말뭉치를 중심으로-

이문화 ( Wen Hua Li ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2014 언어사실과 관점 Vol.34 No.-

In this study , According to the analysis of drama parallel corpus, the lexical meaning and the grammatical meaning of the Korean expression “itta”and”optta”in response to the Chinese expression. And further more, find the antonymous expression in both Korean and Chinese containing “itta” and “optta”. This study is unlike previous studies for it studied both “itta” and “optta”. Through this study, can find that not all of the Chinese expression which in response to the Korean expression containing “itta” and “optta”, are antonymous. The study based on parallel corpus by applying the methodology of Korean “itta” and “optta” in response to Chinese expression does not simply have never seen the point in the meaning to be found . This contrasts findings in linguistics may be used as important data , as well as education of Korean grammar may be utilized as useful material.

중국어 "규(叫), 양(讓), 급(給)" 피사동 표현에 대응되는 한국어 표현 연구

이문화 ( Wen Hua Li ) 반교어문학회 2014 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.37

본 연구는 신문기사와 드라마 병렬말뭉치를 분석함으로써 ‘叫, 讓, 給’ 피사동 표현과 대응되는 한국어 표현의 다양한 양상을 밝히고자 하였다. 먼저 중국어 ‘叫, 讓, 給’ 피사동 표현이 중국어에서 피동이나 사동 가운데 어떤 범주로 더 많이 사용되는가를 확인하였다. 두 번째로, 한·중 병렬말뭉치에서 ‘叫, 讓, 給’ 피사동 표현이 한국어 표현에 대응되는 양상과 특징을 알아보고 각각의 비율뿐만 아니라 대응 관계에서 나타나는 규칙을 살펴보고자 하였다. 끝으로, 글말과 입말에서의 사용 양상의 차이를 밝히기 위하여 신문기사와 드라마 자료를 분석하였다. 피동과 사동에 관련된 한·중 대조 연구가 지금까지는 각각의 특징만을 따로 규명하는 데에 초점을 두었다면 본 연구는 피동과 사동의 기능을 두루 갖는 표현 중 대표적인 ‘叫, 讓, 給’에 주목하였다는 측면에서 차이가 있다. 뿐만 아니라 병렬말뭉치를 기반으로 한 대조 연구 방법론을 적용함으로써 중국어의 ‘叫, 讓, 給’ 피사동 표현에 대응되는 한국어 표현이 결코 단순하지 않음을 밝혀 보였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 이와 같이 중국어의 피사동 기능을 갖는 ‘叫, 讓,給’ 표현이 한국어에서 사동, 피동 등의 다양한 문법 범주로 실현될 수 있다는 사실은 한국어 교육에 있어서 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 중국어권 학습자를 위한 효율적인 교수·학습 방법과 더불어 실제 의사소통의 상황(입말, 글말)에 따라서 차별화된 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. This study examines Korean expressions corresponding to Chinese 叫, 讓, and 給, all of which function as both passive and causative markers. First of all, we analyzed the usages of 叫, 讓, and 給 in Chinese texts and discussed which grammatical function was more prevailing for each marker. Secondly, we explored the equivalent counterparts of respective markers in Korean by analyzing usages in a Korean-Chinese parallel corpus, and investigated the frequency and corresponding tendency. Finally, we also discussed the different use in spoken and written language through the analysis of usages in newspapers and drama scripts. Previous Korean-Chinese comparative studies on passive or causative have been concerned either passive or causative however this paper examines gram matical morphemes used as both passive and causative markers. In addition, this paper implemented comparative methodology by using a parallel corpus and illustrated complicated corresponding relations between Korean and Chinese passive/causative markers. The result of this study will be used as a useful material in the study of Korean as a foreign language. In particular, it will suggest an effective teaching-learning method for Chinese learners and also offer distinctive data reflecting the difference between spoken and written languages.

초고층건축물 랜드마크 인지속성이 도시이미지 및 도시만족도에 미치는 영향

이문아(Wen Ya Li),윤희정(Hee Jeong Yun) 한국관광연구학회 2017 관광연구저널 Vol.31 No.1

테이크아웃 차(茶) 전문점의 브랜드 개성, 브랜드 인지 차이분석

윤한 ( Yoon Han ),이문아 ( Li Wen-ya ),김영국 ( Kim Yeong-gug ) 한국이벤트컨벤션학회 2017 이벤트 컨벤션 연구 Vol.13 No.1

The purposes of this study is to investigate a difference of brand personality and brand awareness focused on Gongcha, which is one of famous tea cafes between Korean and Taiwanese groups. An online survey was conducted to achieve the aim of the sturdy, a total of 300 usable responses were obtained in Korea(n=150) and Taiwan(n=150) for the main survey. As a result, in terms of brand awareness, although both Korean and Taiwanese groups highly recognized Gongcha, Korean group showed more favorable and believable attitudes, compared with Taiwanese groups. While the Taiwanese believed that brand personality of Gongcha are fashionable, leading, and attractive brand personality, but the Korean perceived Gongcha as a unique and professional brand. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed for further research based on the results of this study.

『송서(宋書)』중적문학문헌사료가치연구(中的文學文獻史料價値硏究)

양승덕 ( Seoung Duk Yang ),이문군 ( Wen Jun Li ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2010 中國硏究 Vol.50 No.-

Song-shu, compliled by Shen-Yue, A famous schlolar in Nan Dynasty, is a history book of biographic style, which records sixty years. history of Liu-Song regimes. From the Point of view of historiography, this book receives Poor evaluation in history field. The author consulted as much study of study Song-shu by contemporary experts and scholars. Although some experts has reevaluated and approved the historical value of Song-shu, there is no works that has made comprehensive and detailed study on its narrative style and characters. It is, therefore, of significance to study the literary value and narrative style of song-shu.

랫드에서 고농도의 Carboxymethyl Chitosan이 복벽 유착 예방에 미치는 영향

권영삼,장환수,정재훈,배재성,이정우,강한샘,양정훈,이문학,장광호,Kwon, Young-Sam,Jang, Hwan-Soo,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Bae, Jae-Sung,Rhee, Jeong-Woo,Kang, Han-Saem,Yang, Jeong-Hoon,Li, Wen-Xue,Jang, Kwang-Ho 대한수의학회 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine the effective concentration of carboxymethyl chitoaan(CMC) solution on preventing intraperitoneal adhesions. In this study, 60 rats were divided into four groups : an untreated control group and three experimental groups that were treated with 3 ml of 3, 5, and 7% CMC solution. Adhesions were induced by suturing both the ileal serosa and peritoneum scraped until petechial bleeding occurred. CMC solutions were instilled intraperitoneally immediately before closure of the peritoneomuscular layer. The tensile strength of formed adhesions was measured by using a computerized tensiometer. Histopathological changes of adhesions were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin for light microscopic examination and Massons's trichrom staining for collagen fibers. All of CMC solutions reduced significantly the tensile strength of the adhesions. CMC inhibited the increase of inflammatory cell infiltration and damage of adhesion spot, and accelerated the collagen synthesis and neovascuiarization. No significant differences were observed among all of CMC concentration at inhibiting adhesion formation. Therefore, we could conclude that 3% CMC, the lowest concentration adopted in this study, was appropriate to prevent the formation of peritoneal adhesion.

중국의 인터넷 문학그룹(웨원)의 성장 요인과 플랫폼의 발전: 코로나19 팬데믹 이후 성장 요인의 지속성

이중희(Lee, Jung Hee),김성자(Kim, Sung Ja),이문(Li Wen) 한국아시아학회 2021 아시아연구 Vol.24 No.1

중국의 인터넷 문학은 다른 인터넷 엔터테인먼트처럼 성장하여왔다. 양적으로 인터넷문학의 독자가 증가하여 왔고 인터넷문학 기업의 수익도 증가하여왔다. 질적으로 그 동안 인터넷 문학 플랫폼의 발전이 괄목할 만하고 콘텐츠의 지적재산권(IP) 진출도 다변화하고 있다. 이러한 추세는 코로나19 팬데믹 이후에도 지속되고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 인터넷 문학의 성장요인을 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 중국 인터넷 문학 시장의 70퍼센트 이상을 점유하는 웨원그룹을 사례로 한다. 연구방법은 웨원그룹에 대한 인터넷 자료와 문헌조사를 통해서 설립 전 단계, 설립 과정과 성장 과정을 분석하여 성장 요인을 찾는 것이다. 웨원그룹의 성장 과정은 크게 4단계, 즉 웨원그룹의 설립 전 단계(2002년-2015년2월), 출범기(2015년3월-2017년11월), 웨원그룹의 상장과 성장기(2017년 11월-2020년 1월), 코로나19와 텐센트 그룹 직접관리로의 전환(2020년 1월-)으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 웨원 사례연구를 통해서 얻은 인터넷 문학의 성장요인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중국 최대의 플랫폼 그룹인 텐센트의 진출이다. 중국 최대의 플랫폼 기업이 진입함으로써 기존의 인터넷 문학사이트의 합병을 통해서 기존 생태계의 이점을 활용할 수 있게 되었다. 둘째, 중국에서 인터넷 문학을 개시한 성다문학을 인수한데다가 콘텐츠의 양적·질적 경쟁력을 제고시켰다는 점이다. 셋째, 고도의 플랫폼 기능을 토대로 고객의 취향에 맞게 플랫폼을 잘 구성했다는 점이다. 넷째, 텐센트 계열사와의 전략적 제휴이다. 다섯째, 원 소스 멀티유스로 지적재산권 활용에 성공적이었다는 점이다. Chinese internet literature has grown like any other internet entertainment. The volume of readers of internet literature has increased and the profits of internet literature companies have increased. Qualitatively, the development of internet literary platforms has been remarkable and diversifying the entry of content into intellectual property rights (IP). This trend continues even after Covid-19. This study aims to explore the growth factors of Chinese internet literature. To this end, the Yue Wen Group, which controls more than 70 percent of the Chinese internet literature market, is a case. The research method is to analyze the pre-establishment stage, establishment process and growth process through the internet data or literature on the Yue Wen Group to find growth factors. Yue Wen Group"s growth process was largely divided into four stages: the pre-establishment phase of Yue Wen Group (2002–February 2015), the launch period (March 2015–November 2017), the listing and growth period of Yue Wen Group (November 2017–January 2020), and Covid-19 and the transition to direct management of Tencent Group. The growth factors of internet literature obtained from the Yue Wen case study are as follows. First, Tencent, China"s largest platform group, is entering the market. With the entry of China"s largest platform company, the merger of existing internet literature sites has allowed it to take advantage of the existing ecosystem of Tencent. Second, it acquired Shengda Literature, which started internet literature in China, and also enhanced the quantitative and qualitative competitiveness of contents. Third, based on high-level platform functions, the platform is well organized to suit customers" tastes. Fourth, it is a strategic partnership with Tencent affiliates. Fifth, it was successful in using intellectual property rights with one-source multi-use.

二十世紀初期的妹仔

李雯(Li Wen) 동아인문학회 2008 동아인문학 Vol.14 No.-

Mui tsai refers to the girl who has been transferred from her own family, either directly or through a third party, to another family with the intention that she would be used as a domestic servant. According to Chinese custom, the host of a mui tsai should provide her with boarding, lodging, and clothing. When she reached marriageable age, namely about eighteen years old, a mui tsai should be married to a suitable husband chosen by her host. As a matter of fact, a mui tsai usually was resold as a concubine or prostitute for profit when she grew up. Mui tsai was a popular phenomenon all over China in the early 20thcentury. As more and more Chinese went abroad, especially the female Chinese, mui tsai as a custom was brought to the overseas. In the transformation of Chinese society, mui tsai custom declined, as the governments established anti-mui tsai regulations and nongovernmental organizations carried out various anti-mui tsai movements. Politically, economically, and socially, the case of mui tsai showed the combination of gender and class inequalities.

韓國學生(初級水平)漢字書寫習得情況調查及對策初探

李雯(Li Wen) 중국어문학연구회 2008 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.51

By means of in-class exercises, exams, assignments, interview, writing new words, dictations, counting strokes and other methods, I have been studied on the acquisition of Chinese Characters with 43 students in the Department of Chinese at Woosong University (Korea). Therefore, the learning of writing Chinese characters in a formal circumstance was investigated, errors were analyzed in the theory of acquisition. The paper aims to illustrate how internal and external factors are effecting on learning Chinese characters, and accordingly, the learning strategies and teaching strategies that learners or instructors may adopt on.