인삼사포닌의 급성 및 아급성 독성에 관한 연구

이동권(Dong Kwon Rhee),임창진(Chang Jin Lim),김두하(Doo Ha Kim),홍순근(Soon Keun Hong),박은희(Eun Hee Park),한용남(Yong Nam Han) 大韓藥學會 1982 약학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Acute toxicities of purified ginseng saponin (PGS) in mice, and subacute toxicities of PGS in rats were investigated. Average lethal doses (LD50) of PGS in male mice were 270mg/kg (i.v.), 342mg/kg (i.p.), 505mg/kg (i.m.), 950mg/kg (s.c.), and more than 5,000mg/kg (p.o.), respectively. Results of subacute toxicity of PGS was as follows. Body weight was markedly increased by administration of PGS 7.7mg/kg but side effects were shown by administration of 77mg/kg and above dose. Especially administration of PGS 240mg/kg caused a marked decrease of albumin/globulin ratio, and 28% increase of urea nitrogen in serum, as well as 33% increase of liver weight/body weight ratio.

Schima wallichii sp. liukiuensis 로 부터 분리된 β-Sitosterol Glycoside 항균물질의 안정성 및 돌연변이원성

이동권(Dong Kwon Rhee),최명석(Myung Suk Choi),신금(Keum Shim),권오웅(Oh Woung Kwon),손성호(Sung Ho Son) 한국응용약물학회 1999 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.7 No.3

Stability of the β-sitosterol glycoside from Schima wallichii sp. liukiuensis at various physical conditions were investigated, mutagenecity of the steroid saponin was determined by Ames test. When exposed in pH 3 to pH 8, the β-sitosterol glycoside was stable on antimicrobial activity against yeasts. The antimicrobial activity of the β- sitosterol glycoside also stable in high temperature, N₂, O₂ gas and light exposure, and metal ion. Ames test result revealed that (β-sitosterol glycoside did not have any mutagenic activity. These results suggest that the β-sitosterol glycoside might be a promising candidate as a natural antimicrobial compound.

혈청 농도가 다제내성 억제제 BIBW 22 의 nucleoside 수송에 미치는 영향

이동권(Dong Kwon Rhee),(Hong Xing Chen),(Uwe Bamberger),(Yung Chi Cheng) 한국응용약물학회 1995 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.3 No.2

Some multidrug resistance inhibitors have been known to be influenced by the serum concentration. In this study, effect of serum concentration on inhibition of nucleoside transport by BIBW22, a new multidrug resistance inhibitor derived from dipyridamole (DPM), was studied. When 5% or 100% (v/v) of fetal bovine serum (FBS) was contained in the culture, DPM dose for which nucleoside transport was inhibited by 50% (ID_(50)) was 0.42μM or 1.17μM, respectively. BIBW22 also showed the same trend as DPM did in response to increase of FBS concentration. However, ID_(50) value for DPM in the absence or presence of human plasma was 0.007μM or 1.02μM respectively showing 145times increase of ID_(50) value. ID_(50) value for BIBW22 in the presence of human plasma was 0.028μM showing only 5times increase in ID_(50) value. This result suggests that potency of BIBW22 was much less affected by the plasma concentration and BIBW22 could be a good candidate for a clinical use in multidrug resistance treatment.

Aflatoxin B1 의 면역억제작용

이동권(Dong Kwon Rhee),문은이(Eun Yi Moon),표석능(Suhk Neung Pyo) 한국응용약물학회 1996 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.4 No.2

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been reported to directly suppress the immune responses. In the present study, the effect of AFB1 on immune functions was investigated. Splenic lymphocytes were treated with various doses of the mitogens (lipopolysaccharide, concanavalin A) in the presence of AFB1. AFB1 pretretment decreased the number of plague forming cells (PFC) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibody production of IgM and IgG class was significantly decreased in AFB1-treated splenic cells. In addition, when animals were exposed to AFB1, the susceptibility of bacterial infection as well as the growth of tumor cells was increased. These data suggest that AFB1 affected the immune function and humoral immunity impaired by AFB1 treatment contributed to pathological process.

Role of DnaK is Streptococcus pneumoniae

이동권(Seung Whan Kim),(Ji Yeon Lee),(In Hwa Choi),(Su Nam Kim),(Yong Hwan Kim),(Suhk Neung Pyo),(Dong Kwon Rhee) 생화학분자생물학회 1997 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

흰쥐의 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 수준에 미치는 인삼 총 사포닌의 영향

임창진,박은희,이동권,이송재,홍순근,Lim, Chang-Jin,Park, Eun-Hee,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Lee, Song-Jae,Hong, Soon-Keun 생화학분자생물학회 1981 한국생화학회지 Vol.14 No.3

콜레스테롤을 과량 투여한 흰쥐에 정제된 인삼 총 사포닌을 용량별 및 경로 별로 투여하여 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 수준에 마치는 영향을 검토하였다. 정상적인 흰쥐에서는 정제 총 사포닌의 투여 용량에 비례하여 혈청내 콜레스테롤이 감소되는 경향이 있었으며, 콜레스테롤을 과량 투여한 흰쥐에서는 총 사포닌 15 mg/kg을 경구 투여 함으로써 혈청내의 콜레스레롤양이 증가되었는데, 총사포닌 150 mg/kg을 경구투여 시에는 반대로 감소되었다. 콜레스테롤을 과량 투여한 흰쥐에 총 사포닌 15 mg 및 50 mg/kg을 복강내로 투여했을 때의 혈청내 콜레스테롤 함량은 같은 용량을 경구 투여했을 때의 콜레스테롤 함량과 비슷하였다. 콜레스테롤과 사포닌의 부분 가수분해 산물인 프로사포계닌 50 mg/kg을 경구 투여 했을 때의 혈청 콜레스테롤 수준은 콜레스테롤과 총 사포닌을 각각 500 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg을 동시에 경구 투여 및 복강내 주사 할 때와 유사하였다. 콜레스테롤과 총 사포닌을 동시에 투여한 흰쥐의 혈청내 중성지방수준은 콜레스테롤 단독 투여군에 비하여 다소 감소하였으나, 용량에 따른 차이는 인정되지 않았다. Effects of administration route and dose of ginseng total saponin on the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride in normal and cholesterol-administered rats were studied. The results are as follows: 1. In normal rats, serum cholesterol was decreased in proportion to the administered dose of purified total saponin. 2. In high-cholesterol administered rats, administration of total saponin 15 mg/kg (p.o.) increased serum cholesterol, but total saponin 150 mg/kg decreased it. And it was also observed that administration of prosapogenin 50 mg/kg had about the same effect as oral administration of total saponin 15 mg/kg. 3. Serum triglyceride was slightly decreased by administration of total saponin, but there was no correlationship between administered total saponin dose and serum triglyceride level.

인삼의 항산화 작용

김은혜(Eun-Hye Kim),이동권(Dong-Kwon Rhee) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.1

우리 몸의 많은 기관을 비롯하여 장기들은 반복적이거나 혹은 급성 스트레스를 이겨내지 못하고 만성 스트레스로 이어질 경우 질병이 생기게 된다. 특히 강하고 지속적인 스트레스에 노출되면 뇌의 해마 수지상 세포(hippocampal dendrites)가 위축되거나 크기가 작아진다. 이렇게 스트레스로 인하여 증가된 글루코 코티코이드 호르몬은 뉴런 흥분제인 glutamate를 유도하거나 에너지 대사를 변형시켜 신경 독작용을 일으킨다. 이러한 연속적인 반응은 TNF-α convertase(TACE)를 활성화시켜 TNF-α가 분비되도록 하여 전사 조절자인 NF-κB가 핵내로 전이되고 신경 손상을 일으키는 iNOS와 COX-2와 같은 효소를 유도한다. 이런 산화적 스트레스의 상위조절인자 TACE는 스트레스에 의한 여러 가지 염증성 질환 및 숙주방어에서 가장 중요한 조절자인 TNF-alpha 를 수용체로부터 “유리(shedding)” 시키는 역할을 한다. 따라서 이런 신호 전달계를 자극하는 TACE의 발현 양과 이로 인한 지속적인 처리과정이 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다.63,64) 특히 여러 스트레스중에서 고정화 스트레스 및 신체적 구속 스트레스에 대한 연구는 뇌에서 산화물 생성을 증가시키지만30) 인삼이 뇌의 산화물질 생성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 체계적인 연구가 진행된 바 없다. 따라서 염증을 매개하는 TNF-alpha의 생산에 중요한 역할을 하는 TACE의 발현 조절 및 TNF-alpha 신호전달을 연구함으로써 인삼의 항산화 기전을 분자 수준에서 규명할 수 있게 될 것으로 기대된다. Clinical and animal studies have shown that free radical overload is an important cause for a variety of diseases. Although ginseng has been recognized as antioxidant, how it modulates anti-oxidative process at the molecular level remains unknown. Free radical production is induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) under the stress condition, and TNF-α release is activated by TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE). Since TACE inhibitor is also well known for antiinflammatory agent, ginseng seems to show anti-oxidative activity by repressing TACE pathway. Further studies on signal transduction would be warranted to elucidate molecular action mechanisms of ginseng on anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.

복수암 생쥐와 인체 암세포에 대한 알로에의 항암 작용

정혜윤,김재현,황세진,이동권,Jeong, He-Yun,Kim, Jae-Hyun,Hwang, Se-Jin,Rhee, Dong-Kwon 대한약학회 1994 약학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Anticancer effects of Aloe on sarcoma 180 in ICR mouse or human cancer cells were determined. Sarcoma 180 cells were inoculated subcutaneously into male ICR mouse to determine effect of Aloe on tumor gowth, or inoculated intraperitoneally into male ICR mouse to determine effect of Aloe on life span prolongation, followed by oral administration of Aloe vera(10 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day) or Aloe arborescens(10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day) once a day for 14 days. The administration of Aloe vera or Aloe arborescens did not suppress tumor growh. However the life span of ICR mouse was prolonged to 19%(p<0.05), 22%(p<0.05) and 32%(p<0.05) by administration of Aloe vera 10 mg/kg/day, Aloe vera 50 mg/kg/day, and Aloe arborescens 100 mg/kg/day, respectively. To determine anticancer effect of Aloe in vitro, Aloe extract was added to the culture of human gastric cancer cells(SNU-1) and colorectal cancer cells(SNU-C2A), and concentration of Aloe to inhibit cancer cell growth was determined using MTT(3-[ 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. High $ID_{50}$ values of Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens against gastric cancer cell line(SNU-1) and colorectal cancer cell line(SNU-C2A) suggest that Aloe gel does not have anticancer effect on these specific human cancer cells although high concentration of Aloe inhibited growth of human cancer cells significantly.

84 - kDa 의 폐렴구균 열충격단백질 CipL 의 Cloning 및 면역특성에 관한 연구

권혁영(Hyog Young Kwon),김용환(Yong Hwan Kim),최혜진(Hye Jin Choi),박연진(Youn Jin Park),표석능(Suhk Neung Pyo),이동권(Dong Kwon Rhee) 한국응용약물학회 2001 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.9 No.2

Heat shock proteins serve as chaperone by preventing the aggregation of denatured proteins and promote survival of pathogens in harsh environments. In this study, heat shock gene encoding a 84-kDa (p84) protein, which is one of the three major heat shock proteins in S. pneumoniae, was cloned and characterized. PCR with a forward primer derived from N-terminal amino acid sequence of the p84 and a reverse primer derived from the conserved second ATP-binding region of Clp family was used for amplification of the gene encoding the p84 and subsequently the PCR product was used for sequence determination. Sequence analysis of the p84 gene demonstrated that it is a member of ClpL. The deduced amino acid sequence of pneumococcal C1pL shows homology with other members of the Clp family, and particularly, even in variable leader region, with bovine Clp-like protein and L. lactis ClpL. S. pneumoniae clpL is the smallest clp member (701 amono acids) containing the two conserved ATP-binding regions, and hydrophilic N-terminal variable region of pneumococcal Clp ATPase is much shorter than any known Clp ATPases. Histidine tagged ClpL was overexpressed and purified from E. coli. Immunoblot analysis employing antisera raised against pneumococcus p84 demonstrated no cross-reactivity with Clp analog in Eschericha coli, Staphylococcus aureus and human HeLa cells. Preimmunization of mice with ClpL extended mice life partially but did not protect them from death.

우황이 생쥐의 면역반응에 미치는 영향

손은화,박재현,김경란,김병오,이동권,표석능,Son, Eun-Wha,Park, Jae-Hyun,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Kim, Byung-O,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Pyo, Suhk-Neung 한국생약학회 1998 생약학회지 Vol.29 No.1

The effects of Bezoar Bovis on immune responses of ICR Mice were studied. In the present study, the Jerne hemolytic plaque assay (PFC) was used to evaluate the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells, and macrophage regulatory function was measured by quantitating the production of molecules secreted by macrophages. Bezoar Bovis was given in single daily p.o doses for short term (1, 2 days) or long term (7, 14 days). PFC response for taken 3 days after short term exposure to Bezoar Bovis was increased. The production of nitirc oxide in macrophages was also stimulated. In contrast, long term exposure to Bezoar Bovis resulted in inhibitory effect of Bezoar Bovis on nitirc oxide, $TNF-{\alpha}$and IL-6 production in macrophages. These findings suggest that treatment with Bezoar Bovis may result in differential immunological effect depending on treatment schedule.