면양의 제1위내 미생물 단백질 함량에 미치는 요인과 소장에서 아미노산이용에 관한 연구 1 . 제1위 미생물 단백질합성

이남형,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.7

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different carbohydrate source (barley and maize) and nitrogen source (soyabean meal and meat and bone meal) upon rumen microbial protein synthesis as well as nitrogen flow in the small intestine of sheep given diets containing grains and alkali treated barley straw (approximately 74:26). The results obtained are as follows: 1) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed in the mean values obtained for pH, VFA concentrations and the molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. NH³-N concentration in rumen fluid were non significantly lower (p$gt;0.05) for the maize-soya diet than the other diets. 2) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed in the mean values obtained for rumen volume, rumen dilution rate, and rumen retention time. Rumen dilution rate (h^(-1)) for the barley-meat and bone, barley-soya, maize-meat and bone, and maize-soya diets were estimated as 0.043, 0.046, 0.036 and 0.048 respectively. 3) There were significant differences between diets in the quantities of DM and OM passing at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum (p$lt;0.05) and in the faeces (p$lt;0.01 for DM and p$lt;0.05 for OM). However, there were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets in the apparently digested DM and OM disappearing before the small intestine and the whole digestive tract. The mean values for apparent OM digestibility and the proportion of the apparently digested OM disappearing prior to and within the small intestine for four diets were 0.8246±0.0168, 0.6717±0.238, and 0.2351±0.0247 respectively. 4) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed for the total N and NAN entering the small intestine, total N in the urine, retained N, and proportionate disappearance apparently digested N within the small intestine and the whole digestive tract. It was non significant net gain in the quantity of total N in the passage of the digesta through the stomach for all diets (1.107±0.035 of mean values). But there were significant differences between diets in the quantities of total N leaving the small intestine (p$lt;0.01) and N absorbed in the whole digestive tract (p$lt;0.01). 5) Proportion of microbial N entering the small intestine estimated by using S^(35) infusion techniques were 0.4998 for barley-meat and bone meal diet, 0.5269 for barley-Soya diet, 0.4512 for maize-meat and bone diet, and 0.5384 for maize-Soya diet. The dietary N degradation in the rumen for the diet containing meat and bone meal was non significantly lower (p$gt;0.05) than the value for the diet with soyabean meal. 6) The efficiencies of microbial N synthesis within the rumen, expressed as 9 microbial N per ㎏ organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (OMAPDR) or organic matter truly digested in the rumen (OMTDR), were shown no significant differences between diets. The efficiencies of microbial N synthesis for barley-meat and bone diet, barley-Soya diet, maize-meat and bone diet, and maize-soya diet were estimated as 16.79, 16.30, 15.37 and 17.58 gN/㎏ OMTDR respectively or 22.71, 21.21, 20.36 and 24.21 gN/㎏ OMAPDR respectively.

면양의 제1위내 미생물 단백질합성에 미치는 요인과 소장에서 아미노산 이용에 관한 연구 2 . 소장에서 아미노산 이용

이남형,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.8

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different carbohydrate source and nitrogen source upon the utilization of amino acids in the small intestine of sheep. The results obtained are as follows: 1) For the quantities of TAA-N, EAA-N and NEAA-N passing at the duodenum and ileum except NEAA-N passing at the ileum were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets. The quantities of NEAA-N passing at the ileum for the diets containing meat and bone meal were significantly higher (P$lt;0.05) than the diets containing soyabean meal. The mean values for the proportionate disappearance apparently digested TAA-N, EAA-N and NEAAN within the small intestine for four diets were 0.692±0.0449, 0.702±0.0132, and 0.682±0.726, respectively. 2) There were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) in duodenal individual amino acid flow between diets with the exception of aspartic acid and glycine. The amounts of each amino acid in duodenal digesta, expressed as a proportion of the amounts ingested for the four diets, were shown that there were net gains of EAA with the exception of arginine and NEAA with the exception of glutamic acid, glycine and proline prior to the small intestine. 3) Within the small intestine, there were no significant losses of each EAA (p$gt;0.05) but significant losses of aspartic acid and glycine of NEAA between diets (p$lt;0.01). The mean values of the proportionate losses of methionine, alanine and lysine within the small intestine were 0.816±0.04, 0.767±0.04, and 0.732±0.01, respectively.

보리짚의 사료가치 증진에 관한 연구 제2보 보릿짚 싸이레지가 한우의 성장능력에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,정창조,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chang Cho Choung,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Two experiments were carried out to study the feeding value of barley straw silage for Korean cattle. For the first feeding trial, it was conducted for 100 days to evaluate the growing performance in twenty bulls with 150㎏ body weights and barley straw silage with alkaline treatment was substituted with wheat bran at the level of 10%, 20%, 30% on the dry basis. Far the second feeding trial, it was conducted for 90 days to evaluate the growing performance in 24 bulls with 200㎏ body weights, and barley straw silage was substituted with wheat bran at the level of 20% and 30% on the dry basis. In this trial the alkaline treated straw was once neutralized before the silage. Each experiment also included the treatment which raw barley straw with grinding was replaced for wheat bran at 20% level. The results obtained was summarized as fellows: 1. In the first feeding trial, the barley straw silage group responded favorably over the ground raw straw fed group but shored less body weight gain and the TDN intake was less compared with control group, decreasing as to increase the level of silage incorporation. But it was not significantly differences between control and silage groups. 2. In the second feeding trial, it was resulted in more weight gain and better feed efficiency of the straw silage group over the control (P$lt;0.01). Therefore, the alkaline treated barley straw which was once acid-neutralized before the ensilage was improved over the previous non-neutralized silage.

보리짚의 사료가치증진에 관한 연구 제1보 화학적 , 물리적 , 처리가 보리짚의 소화율에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,정창조,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chang Cho Choung,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Present experiment was carried out to study the effects of chemical or physical treatment on the digestibility of barley straw. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The content of NDF and ADF was not different between rice and barley straw. The content of indigestible components (lignin and silica) in barley hull was lower than the barley and rice straw. 2. In vivo dry matter digestibility and TDN value in the alkaline treated barley straw was improved as sodium hydroxide level increased (0%, 2%, 4%). Feeding value of steam-alkaline treated straw was higher than the non-steam alkaline treated straw (Table 3) 3. When molasses and tallow were added in at 10 and 3% respectively to increase the energy content of barely hull 40% base pellet diet, TDN value was comparable with commercially available compound feed (TDN 75.6), but TDN-feed cost relative inlet was 88% of the compound feed. As increasing the level of tallow over 3%, feeding the barley-hull base diet became less favorable due to the poor acceptability.

볏짚의 사료가치 증진에 관한 연구 제2보 발효 볏짚 사료가 비유우의 산우량에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

A feeding experiment was conducted for 2 months to evaluate the nutritive value of either fermented or alkali treated rice straw for lactating dairy cattle. Twelve mature Holstein cows were divided into 3 groups according to their age, body weight and previous production record. They were, then randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Three treatments consisted of control, fermented and, alkali treaty group. The control diet was 100% formula feed while the experimental diets were consisted of 85% formula feed plus either of 15% fermented or alkali treated rice straw on the dry weight basis. All animals were fed identical roughages according to NRC standard. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average daily milk production for control, fermented and alkali straw groups were 15.8, 16.0 and 16.1 ㎏, respectively. 2. Feed costs per ㎏ of milk produced were estimated to be 40.1 won for the control, 38.7 won for the fermented and 36.8 won for the alkali treated straw group. These differences were not statistically significant.

개미산 또는 개미산과 훠름알데하이드를 처리한 목초 싸일레지가 Jersey 미경산우의 제1위내 미생물 단백질 합성과 단백질 분해율에 미치는 영향

이남형,루크,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,J . A . Rooke,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.8

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of applying formic acid at ensilage or formic acid/formaldehyde to the standing crop of herbage before ensiling upon the subsequent digestion of the silages by Jersey heifers. Unwilted grass silages were made from perennial rye; rass ensiled at a DM of 220㎏^(-1) with application of 2.22 liters ton of formic acid and wilted grass silages was made by spray to the standing crop of herbage with 90 liters ㏊^(-1) of a solution containing 50 liter formalin, 500㎖ of 10% Tween 20, and 2.5 liter water giving an application rate of 61g formaldehyde ㎏^(-1) herbage crude protein. The silages were fed to cattle equipped with rumen cannulae and duodenal re-entrant cannulae. Results from fermentation in the rumen and from the digestion of organic matter showed major differences between silages. The efficiency of rumen microbial nitrogen synthesis was also affected by additive treatment. Microbial N synthesized per ㎏ organic matter apparently digested in the rumen was 20g for the formic acid silage and 17.68 for the formic acid/formaldehyde silage. Degradability of feed N in the rumen was similar for two silages.

볏짚 - 계분 싸일레지 급여가 한우의 비육능력에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage, corn meal, or raw rice bran on the fattening performance of Korean cattle at farm condition. Nine Korean bulls with mean weight of 230㎏ were used for the trial from August, through November 1979 in Ansong villege, Kyong Ki province. The results obtained are as follows 1. Proximate composition, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose content showed little differences between straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage and corn meal. However, crude protein, crude fat and volatile fatty acid content of straw-manure silage containing raw rice bran was higher than others. Analysis of silage with raw rice bran showed 4.15% of crude protein, 2.74% of crude fat, 1.15% acetic acid and 2.04% of lactic acid. All alkali treated straw-manure silages are high in butyric acid and propionic acid. pH values in the silages with raw rice bran, ryegrass forage and corn meal are 5.42, 5.83, and 5.58, respectively. 2. In the feeding trial, the animals receiving. straw-manure silage with ryegrass forage showed best performance with daily gain of 1.38㎏ arid feed efficiency of 5.51. However, the groups receiving. the straw-manure silage with corn meal or rice bran revealed daily gain of 1.16 or 1.29㎏ while the feed efficiency was 6.54 and 6.04, respectively.

소맥부 대신 옥수수와 생미강을 첨가시 볏짚 - 계분싸일레지의 질에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing the Association of Official Analytical Chemists dry matter digestibility as well as the effects of two different moisture levels (46% and 66%) upon the silage-making. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In vivo dry matter digestibility of silage products ranged from 57 to 60% but failed to show significant differences among the different silage products. 2. Response to the different moisture contents (46% vs 66%) was not evident, and little statistical differences were noted on neither the chemical composition nor the digestibility.

면양에서 볏짚 - 가축분싸일레지의 소화율과 질소균형에 관한 연구

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was conducted to use broiler litters and pig manure as alternatives of layer`s manure for making straw-manure silage as well as to determine the digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed rice straw-livestock manure silage. Four sheep averaging 30 kg were used in a digestibility and nitrogen balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage, 2) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-broiler litters silage, 3) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-pig manure silage, 4) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-dried layer`s manure silage. The pH of the silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was 4.83, 5.16, 4.64 and 4.82 at the 40 days of ensiling, respectively. The acetic acid production of straw-manure silage with wet layer`s manure and pig manure was major dominant acid whereas the acetic acid and lactic acid production in the straw-broiler litters silage and straw-dried layer`s manure silage became equally dominant. The total acids of silage with broiler litters and pig manure were 7.41% and 2.49%, respectively. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar in the lambs receiving the straw-manure silage regardless of type of manure included. The apparent digestibility of crude protein in the silage containing dried layer`s manure was significantly lower than the silages of pig manure, broiler litters and wet layer`s manure (P$lt;0.05). There was little differences in nitrogen balance. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of straw-manure silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was determined as 53.36%, 54.50%. 53.57% and 49.86% respectively.

면양에서 짚 - 계분싸일레지의 영양소 이용율과 무기물의 균형에 관한 연구

이남형,윤칠석,김창원,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chil Suk Yoon,Chang Won Kim,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the nutrient utilization and mineral balance of straw-manure silage in sheep. Four sheep averaging 40 ㎏ were used in a digestibility and mineral (Ca, P, Na, K, S, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn) balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage; 2) 4% NaOH treated barley husk-wet layer`s manure silage; 3) formula feed plus chopped rice straw (50:50 W/W); 4) formula feed plus 4% NaOH treated rice straw-layer`s manure silage (50:50 W/W on the ADM basis). The content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc of layer`s manure were 9.62%, 2.63%, 0.57%, 3.43%, 0.52%, 1.38%, 1300 ppm, 26 ppm and 270 ppm on the dry matter basis, respectively. The content of crude fiber, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), mineral content except calcium in the rice straw-layer`s manure silage and barley husk-layer`s manure silage were similar. Daily dry matter intake, apparent digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) or metabolizable energy (ME) in formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group were significantly improved as compared with other ration feeding group (P$lt;0.01). Digestible crude protein, TDN value, DE and ME of barley husk-:manure silage were determined as 7.46%, 58.21%, 1776 Kcal/ ㎏ and 1456 Kcal/㎏, respectively, while those of rice straw-manure silage were determined as 5.44%, 55.27%, 1356 Kcal/㎏ and 1112 Kcal/ ㎏, respectively. The nutrient availability in formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was significantly decreased as compared with other feeding group (P$lt;0.01). It was observed that positive mineral balance was shown with addition of formula feed to rice straw-manure silage (50:50 W/VW) except of sulfur balance. The formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was in negative mineral balance on essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The balance of P, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Cu between rice straw-manure silage feeding group and barley husk-manure silage feeding group was shown similar trend except calcium, sulfur and zinc. Especially, sodium and potassium in both silage was negative balance in spite of higher intake of sodium and potassium due to increase urinary excretion. S/N ratio in rice straw-manure silage, barley husk-manure silage, formula feed plus chopped rice straw or formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage were calculated as 0.09, 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively. The interaction of sulfur and nitrogen on the utilization of nutrient in this balance trial was not clear but it may be explained a negative balance of sulfur in barley husk-manure silage and formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group due to the lower S/N ratio as compared with rice straw-manure silage and formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group.