면양에서 소립자의 제1위 통과속도에 관한 연구

이남형,오스코푸 ( N . H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the rumen outflow rate of chromium mordant barley straw and fish meal in sheep. All the animals were fed on ammonia treated barley straw diet libitum. Chromium mordant straw or fish meal was poured into the rumen. The feces were sampled for 5 days. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Chromium treatment rendered the fish meal or straw both undigestible and undegradable in the rumen. 2. The rate of outflow of fish meal from the reticulo-rumen was found to be faster than that of barley straw by 2.3 times. The rumen retention time of fish meal was varied from 23.8 to 33.3 hours with a mean of 27.0 hours while the rumen retention time of barley straw was varied from 47.6 to 100 hours with a mean of 62.5 hours.

보리짚의 사료가치증진에 관한 연구 제1보 화학적 , 물리적 , 처리가 보리짚의 소화율에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,정창조,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chang Cho Choung,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Present experiment was carried out to study the effects of chemical or physical treatment on the digestibility of barley straw. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The content of NDF and ADF was not different between rice and barley straw. The content of indigestible components (lignin and silica) in barley hull was lower than the barley and rice straw. 2. In vivo dry matter digestibility and TDN value in the alkaline treated barley straw was improved as sodium hydroxide level increased (0%, 2%, 4%). Feeding value of steam-alkaline treated straw was higher than the non-steam alkaline treated straw (Table 3) 3. When molasses and tallow were added in at 10 and 3% respectively to increase the energy content of barely hull 40% base pellet diet, TDN value was comparable with commercially available compound feed (TDN 75.6), but TDN-feed cost relative inlet was 88% of the compound feed. As increasing the level of tallow over 3%, feeding the barley-hull base diet became less favorable due to the poor acceptability.

볏짚의 사료가치 증진에 관한 연구 제2보 발효 볏짚 사료가 비유우의 산우량에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

A feeding experiment was conducted for 2 months to evaluate the nutritive value of either fermented or alkali treated rice straw for lactating dairy cattle. Twelve mature Holstein cows were divided into 3 groups according to their age, body weight and previous production record. They were, then randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Three treatments consisted of control, fermented and, alkali treaty group. The control diet was 100% formula feed while the experimental diets were consisted of 85% formula feed plus either of 15% fermented or alkali treated rice straw on the dry weight basis. All animals were fed identical roughages according to NRC standard. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average daily milk production for control, fermented and alkali straw groups were 15.8, 16.0 and 16.1 ㎏, respectively. 2. Feed costs per ㎏ of milk produced were estimated to be 40.1 won for the control, 38.7 won for the fermented and 36.8 won for the alkali treated straw group. These differences were not statistically significant.

부로일러 초생추에 있어서 강부류사료의 대사에너지 측정에 관한 연구 ( 제4보 )

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam H . Lee,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This experiment was conducted to study the ME values of rice bran, wheat bran, barley bran, sweet potato meal (include leaf and stem), sweet potato meal (expressed processing) by chromic oxide indicator technique in broiler chickens. The substitution level of test ingredients was 30% on the basis of air dry matter. The N-corrected ME values of rice bran, wheat bran and barley bran were 1,600, 1,489 and 2,315 ㎉/㎏ respectively. The sweet potato meal including leaf and stem and mechanically expressed sweet potato meal gave the ME values of 2,406 and 2,528 ㎉/㎏ respectively.

개미산 또는 개미산과 훠름알데하이드를 처리한 목초 싸일레지가 Jersey 미경산우의 제1위내 미생물 단백질 합성과 단백질 분해율에 미치는 영향

이남형,루크,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,J . A . Rooke,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.8

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of applying formic acid at ensilage or formic acid/formaldehyde to the standing crop of herbage before ensiling upon the subsequent digestion of the silages by Jersey heifers. Unwilted grass silages were made from perennial rye; rass ensiled at a DM of 220㎏^(-1) with application of 2.22 liters ton of formic acid and wilted grass silages was made by spray to the standing crop of herbage with 90 liters ㏊^(-1) of a solution containing 50 liter formalin, 500㎖ of 10% Tween 20, and 2.5 liter water giving an application rate of 61g formaldehyde ㎏^(-1) herbage crude protein. The silages were fed to cattle equipped with rumen cannulae and duodenal re-entrant cannulae. Results from fermentation in the rumen and from the digestion of organic matter showed major differences between silages. The efficiency of rumen microbial nitrogen synthesis was also affected by additive treatment. Microbial N synthesized per ㎏ organic matter apparently digested in the rumen was 20g for the formic acid silage and 17.68 for the formic acid/formaldehyde silage. Degradability of feed N in the rumen was similar for two silages.

소맥부 대신 옥수수와 생미강을 첨가시 볏짚 - 계분싸일레지의 질에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing the Association of Official Analytical Chemists dry matter digestibility as well as the effects of two different moisture levels (46% and 66%) upon the silage-making. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In vivo dry matter digestibility of silage products ranged from 57 to 60% but failed to show significant differences among the different silage products. 2. Response to the different moisture contents (46% vs 66%) was not evident, and little statistical differences were noted on neither the chemical composition nor the digestibility.

젖소의 제1위내에서 단백질의 분해율에 관한 연구

이남형,오스코푸,김춘수 ( Nam H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This experiment was carried out to estimate the rate of degradation of soyabean meal and fish meal when they were incubated in nylon bags in the rumens of dairy cows receiving roughage. The rate of disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen from the vegetable source of protein was greater than the rate of disappearance from animal source of protein. The dry matter and protein disappearance of protected soyabean meal was lower than those of non-protected soyabean meal.

볏짚 - 계분 싸일레지 급여가 한우의 비육능력에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage, corn meal, or raw rice bran on the fattening performance of Korean cattle at farm condition. Nine Korean bulls with mean weight of 230㎏ were used for the trial from August, through November 1979 in Ansong villege, Kyong Ki province. The results obtained are as follows 1. Proximate composition, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose content showed little differences between straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage and corn meal. However, crude protein, crude fat and volatile fatty acid content of straw-manure silage containing raw rice bran was higher than others. Analysis of silage with raw rice bran showed 4.15% of crude protein, 2.74% of crude fat, 1.15% acetic acid and 2.04% of lactic acid. All alkali treated straw-manure silages are high in butyric acid and propionic acid. pH values in the silages with raw rice bran, ryegrass forage and corn meal are 5.42, 5.83, and 5.58, respectively. 2. In the feeding trial, the animals receiving. straw-manure silage with ryegrass forage showed best performance with daily gain of 1.38㎏ arid feed efficiency of 5.51. However, the groups receiving. the straw-manure silage with corn meal or rice bran revealed daily gain of 1.16 or 1.29㎏ while the feed efficiency was 6.54 and 6.04, respectively.

보리짚의 사료가치증진에 관한 연구

이남형,김춘수,육종융 ( N . H . Lee,C . S . Kim,C . Y . Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In an attempt to enhance the nutritive value of barley straw a series of experiments were carried out to study the effects of 1) alkali treatment on the in vivo dry matter digestibility, 2) ensiling barley straw on palatability and 3) barley straw silage on the digestibility of goat. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The effect of alkali treatment on the in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw. (1) The in vivo dry matter digestibility of the alkali treated barley straw tended to improve with increasing level of NaOH(0, 3, 6, 12%). No significant difference was found between 6% and 12%, or 3% and 6% NaOH level, but i t was found significant difference between 3% and 12% NaOH level. The in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw in 12% NaOH level was higher than 3% NaOH level(P$lt;0.05).Also, the in vivo dry matter digestibility of alkali treated straw was. higher than the untreated straw(P$lt;0.05) . (2) Neither reaction time (0, 2, 4, 6 day) of NaOH in the room temperature nor reaction temperature(5℃ and 20℃) in 3% level of sodium hydroxide influenced the in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw. (3) The amount of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and hemicellulose of barley straw, barley hull and rice straw decreased with increasing level of sodium hydroxide. (4) Silica contents of rice straw, barley hull and barley straw were 7.53%, 5.91% and 2.03%, respectively. Solubility of silica increased with higher level of NaOH and the effect was especially pronounced when NaOH level exceeded 6%. 2. Ensiling of barley straw and digestion trial with goat. The silage was prepared in combination of alkali treated barley straw with wet poultry manure and wheat bran for the attempt of improving the silage quality and palatability for cattle feeding. (1) Proximate composition of barley straw silage was not different between the trench silage and the vinyl bag silage. (2) Hemicellulose content of silage after 60 days of ensiling was lower than the initial stage. The effect was more pronounced with the vinyl bag silo than the trench silo. (3) Total nitrogen of silage did not change during the 60 days of ensiling. However, amino acids of silage decreased 22 percent and non protein nitrogen increased compared to the initial stage. (4) Total organic acid of the silage ensiled in the vinyl bag silo was higher than the trench silo. The silage was characterized as heterolactic fermentation, producing approximately equal amounts of lactic and acetic acid. (5) Total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of the barley straw silage was estimated as 60.70% in the trench silo and 61.93% in the vinyl bag silo on the dry matter basis. Based upon above results, it is concluded that the barley straw silage can partly replace milling by-products (bran) on the TDN basis.

면양에서 짚 - 계분싸일레지의 영양소 이용율과 무기물의 균형에 관한 연구

이남형,윤칠석,김창원,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chil Suk Yoon,Chang Won Kim,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the nutrient utilization and mineral balance of straw-manure silage in sheep. Four sheep averaging 40 ㎏ were used in a digestibility and mineral (Ca, P, Na, K, S, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn) balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage; 2) 4% NaOH treated barley husk-wet layer`s manure silage; 3) formula feed plus chopped rice straw (50:50 W/W); 4) formula feed plus 4% NaOH treated rice straw-layer`s manure silage (50:50 W/W on the ADM basis). The content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc of layer`s manure were 9.62%, 2.63%, 0.57%, 3.43%, 0.52%, 1.38%, 1300 ppm, 26 ppm and 270 ppm on the dry matter basis, respectively. The content of crude fiber, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), mineral content except calcium in the rice straw-layer`s manure silage and barley husk-layer`s manure silage were similar. Daily dry matter intake, apparent digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) or metabolizable energy (ME) in formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group were significantly improved as compared with other ration feeding group (P$lt;0.01). Digestible crude protein, TDN value, DE and ME of barley husk-:manure silage were determined as 7.46%, 58.21%, 1776 Kcal/ ㎏ and 1456 Kcal/㎏, respectively, while those of rice straw-manure silage were determined as 5.44%, 55.27%, 1356 Kcal/㎏ and 1112 Kcal/ ㎏, respectively. The nutrient availability in formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was significantly decreased as compared with other feeding group (P$lt;0.01). It was observed that positive mineral balance was shown with addition of formula feed to rice straw-manure silage (50:50 W/VW) except of sulfur balance. The formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was in negative mineral balance on essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The balance of P, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Cu between rice straw-manure silage feeding group and barley husk-manure silage feeding group was shown similar trend except calcium, sulfur and zinc. Especially, sodium and potassium in both silage was negative balance in spite of higher intake of sodium and potassium due to increase urinary excretion. S/N ratio in rice straw-manure silage, barley husk-manure silage, formula feed plus chopped rice straw or formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage were calculated as 0.09, 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively. The interaction of sulfur and nitrogen on the utilization of nutrient in this balance trial was not clear but it may be explained a negative balance of sulfur in barley husk-manure silage and formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group due to the lower S/N ratio as compared with rice straw-manure silage and formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group.