젖소 유방염 유즙에서 분리한 Streptococcus uberis의 항생제 감수성 및 유전학적 특성

이길,강현미,정충일,문진산,Lee, Gil,Kang, Hyun-Mi,Chung, Chung-il,Moon, Jin-San 대한수의학회 2007 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

Streptococcus spp. comprising Streptococcus (S.) uberis S. dysgalactiae strains is major causeof bovine mastitis from particularly well-managed or low somatic cell count herds that have successfullycontrolled contagious pathogens. In this study, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of S.uberis isolated from clinical or subclinical mastitis milk at 2003 were investigated. Eighty seven isolatesof Streptococus spp. were identified by the conventional biochemical methods. The antimicrobialsusceptibility by disk diffusion method was determined for 46 S. uberis, 11 S. bovis, 10 S. oralis, 6 S.uberis and 14 other Streptococcus spp.. Overall, the tested strains were susceptible to tetracycline (11.5%),amikacin (14.9%), streptomycin (16.1%), neomycin (26.4%), kanamycin (35.6%), gentamicin (65.2%),oxacillin (70.1%), ampicillin (75.9%), chloramphenicol (78.2%), and cephalothin (97.7%). Additionally, S.uberis strains were susceptible to pencillin G (97.8%), but resistant to erythromycin (76.0%) by minimalinhibitory concentration test. The multiple-drug resistance rate of isolated bacteria to 4 more thanamplification fingerprinting patterns amplifed with primer 8.6d showed that 3 to 8 number of distinguishableDNA fragments ranged from 180 bp to 1,20 bp. Thirty seven isolates of S. uberis strains were subtypedinto 8 distinct patterns. Each subtype revealed a typical pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities. Thesefindings demonstrate that S. uberis isolates were mastitis pathogens of diverse serotypes, and oftenencountered the diverse resistant patterns.

明治期のヘルバルト主義における「体育」

中野浩一(Nakano Koichi),李吉魯(Lee Gil Ro) 동아시아일본학회 2017 일본문화연구 Vol.0 No.64

본 연구는 메이지 시대의 헤르바르트주의에 있어서 “체육”의 개념을 검토하여 그 개념의 다양성과 그에 따른 영향을 분석했다. 특히 삼육주의와 헤르바르트주의에 있어서 “체육”이 형성되어 가는 과정을 검토하였고, 또한 헤르바르트주의가 종식한 이후에도 “체육”개념의 일부는 교육학이나 학교교육제도에 답습되어 그 영향력이 미쳤음을 고찰했다. 이와 같이 교육의 목적을 지 덕 체로 구분하는 삼육주의는 생리 위생학에 근거한 신체교육을 의미하는 “체육”이 교육학의 문제로 취급되었던 것이다. 또한 체조과 교원뿐만 아니라 오늘날에는 모든 교육자가 신체면의 육성을 담당하도록 요구되어지고 있는데, 그 점은 학교교육제도에도 반영되고 있다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 교육목적을 정신면의 육성에 한정하는 헤르바르트주의는 신체교육을 부정하기 때문에 “체육”에 관한 항목이 없는 교육학서가 일반화되는 경향이 있다. 물론 “체육”에 관한 항목이 있는 경우에도 신체교육의 개념에 관해서는 삼육주의에서 인정되는 신체교육의 개념과 다른 면이 인정된다. 정신교육의 수단으로서 운동을 행한다는 운동교육의 개념에 대해서는, 정신면의 육성에 치우치고 있지만 운동교육의 개념을 각인시키는 역할을 한다고 말할 수 있다. In Herbartianism, the concept of the education of the body was denied, because Herbartianism limited an educational purpose to the mental aspect. For this, the pedagogical books without the term “physical education” generalized. Even if there was the term in rare case, it was criticized as an unnecessary thing because it was not involved in the mental development. Regarding the concept of the movement education, which used exercise as a means of mental education, although it wasa biased way of thinking towards mental development, it played a role of impressing this concept. Herbartianism distinguished between nursing and education, and regarded physical problems as nursing which was the pre-stage of education. This concept of the care of the body was applied in the subsequent pedagogy and school education system. Herbartianism was regarded as the basis of pedagogy and this situation continued, so the physical problems were the role of experts, mainly medical professionals, teachers of gymnastics and physical education.

조현병 환자를 위한 식물 재배활동 중심 치유농업 프로그램의 정신병리학적 효과 검증

오윤아(Yun Ah Oh),한아름(Ah Reum Han),홍수정(Su Jeung Hong),이길아(Gil Ah Lee),김선옥(Seon Ok Kim),안병은(Byong Eun An),박신애(Sin Ae Park) 한국원예학회 2017 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2017 No.10

Loganin Inhibits α-MSH and IBMX-induced Melanogenesis by Suppressing the Expression of Tyrosinase in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

Hee Jin Jung(정희진),EunJin Bang(방은진),Byeong Moo Kim(김병무),Seong Ho Jeong(정성호),Gil Han Lee(이길한),Hae Young Chung(정해영) 한국생명과학회 2019 생명과학회지 Vol.29 No.11

Loganin은 Corni fructus의 주요 iridoid glycoside이며 항염증, 항당뇨 그리고 뇌신경보호 효과 등이 보고되었다. 본 연구에서는 α-MSH와 IBMX처리된 B16F10세포에서 loganin의 melanogenesis억제효과의 신호전달 경로를 조사하였다. Loganin의 미백 활성을 확인하기 위해 B16F10세포에서 1 μM에서 20 μM사이의 농도를 처리하여 세포독성 실험을 수행한 결과 최대 20 μM농도에서 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 loganin은 α-MSH와 IBMX처리된 B16F10세포에서 농도-의존적으로 멜라닌 생성을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 loganin의 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 신호전달 경로를 Western blotting을 실시하여 조사하였다. Western blot결과에 따르면 loganin은 α-MSH와 IBMX 처리된 B16F10세포에서 증가된 CREB인산화(Ser133)와 MITF 발현 및 tyrosinase의 유전자 발현을 감소시켰고 ERK의 인산화를 증가시켜 melanin 생성을 억제하였다. 결론적으로 loganin은 α-MSH와 IBMX에 의해 유도된 과도한 멜라닌 합성을 CREB인산화와 MITF 및 tyrosinase의 유전자 발현을 억제하고 ERK의 활성화를 통해 멜라닌 합성을 감소됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 loganin은 과색소 침착과 관련된 피부질환의 보호제로서 활용될 가능성을 가지는 것으로 사료된다. Ultraviolet radiation exposure is a major cause of extrinsic skin aging, which leads to skin hyperpigmentation. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from Corni fructus, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-melanogenic effects of loganin in B16F10 melanocytes treated with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Anti-melanogenic activity was measured by treating cells with loganin at concentrations between 1 and 20 μM. Cell viability assays confirmed that doses of loganin up to 20 μM were not cytotoxic. Loganin significantly and dose-dependently decreased intracellular melanin production. We also investigated potential molecular signaling pathways for the anti-melanogenesis effects of loganin. Western blotting showed that treatment with α-MSH and IBMX increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the gene expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. Addition of loganin suppressed these increases, while promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the anti-melanogenesis response. Our data therefore indicated that loganin could attenuate the increased melanin synthesis induced by α-MSH and IBMX treatment of B16F10 melanocytes. This attenuation appears to occur by downregulation of CREB phosphorylation and MITF and tyrosinase gene expression and upregulation of ERK phosphorylation. These finding suggests that loganin could be a valuable candidate for treatment of skin diseases related to hyperpigmentation.

협부지방유래 줄기세포의 골모세포 분화에 있어 심바스타틴과 BMP-2에 의한 발현유전자의 마이크로어레이를 이용한 분석

권순길 ( Soon Gil Kwon ),이길 ( Gil Lee ),김창현 ( Chang Hyen Kim ),박재억 ( Je Uk Park ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.4

Bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2) converts stem cell into osteoblast through Smad pathway. In the pathway, R-Smad(Smad1/5) joins with Co-Smad(Smad 4) in the cytoplasm, and they move to the nucleus after going through phosphorylation. Then, they join with Osterix, a transcription factor, with which they induce expression of the gene related to the osteoblast`s phenotype. Simvastatin, one of the statin drugs and a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) suppressor, has not only known for its efficacy for human hyperlipidemia treatment, but also for its function similar to that of BMP-2, inducing osteoblast differentiation. To compare such function of simvastatin to that of BMP-2, we analyzed the level of expressions of Smad 1/5 and Osterixt after treating stem cell originated from buccal fat with simvastatin or BMP-2. Stem cells were attained from human buccal fat. After going through three times of subculture, we treated each BMP-2 with 1 ?M simvastatin or 100 ng/mL and collected the cells at 12 hr, 24 hr, 48 hr and 72 hr. Then, we analyzed the extent of Smad 1,5 and Osterix expression employing Reverse Transcription PCR and Western blot. Also, we analyzed if the up-regulation and/or down-regulation exist for osteoblast`s phenotypic gene in 1 ?M simvastatin-treated group(simvastatin group) and 100 ng/mL BMP-2 treated group(BMP-2 group) using microarray analysis. We observed increased expression of Smad 1/5 and Osterix at 24hr in both simvastatin group and BMP-2 group. However, Smad 1/5 and Osterix expressions decreased in BMP-2 group at 72 hr. We saw same pattern of Smad 1/5 and Osterix expressions in microarray analysis. We observed the similar pattern of osteoblast`s phenotypic gene expressions in simvastatin group and BMP-2 group. However, simvastatin group lasted longer than the BMP-2 group. Therefore, we see simvastatin as a potential candidate to replace BMP-2 as a osteoblast differentiation factor.

국내유통 축산물에서의 Staphylococcus aureus 오염도 및 항생제 감수성 조사

양정임(Jung-Im Yang),이선민(Sun-Min Lee),이길(Gil Lee),이환주(Hwan-Ju Lee),김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),정은정(Eun-Jeong Jeong),차용준(Yong-Jun Cha) 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.37 No.4

국내 유통 중인 우육 및 돈육을 대상으로 S. aureus의 오염실태와 검출된 S. aureus 대한 항생제 감수성조사 및 내성 plasmid 전달빈도를 조사하였다. 총 421개 축산물 시료의 20.2%에서 S. aureus가 검출되었으며, 품목별로는 돈육 13.9%, 우육 33.8%의 검출률을 보였다. 가공 전 원료육이 포장육에 비해 S. aureus의 검출률이 높았는데, 돈육에서는 원료육 23.3%, 포장육 7.1%였고, 우육에서는 각각 48.6% 및 28.1%였다. 항생제 감수성 시험결과 ampicillin(76.5%), penicllin(75.3%), tertracycline(27.1%) 및 erythromycin(21.1%) 순으로 높은 내성률을 보였다. 특히 우육에서는 penicillin의 내성이 55.6%인 반면 돈육에서는 97.5%로 돈육에서 1.6배 이상의 높은 내성률을 보였고, tetracycline의 경우 우육에서 13.3%의 내성을 보인 반면, 돈육에서는 42.5%로 3배 이상의 내성률을 보였다. 8가지 항생제에 내성을 보이는 다제내성균도 검출되었으며, 약제내성과 관련된 Rplasmid의 특성시험에서 혼합배양에서는 내성이 전달되지 않았고, filter mating법에서 tetracycline내성 plasmid가 1.1×10<SUP>-5</SUP>~1.9×10<SUP>-9</SUP>의 빈도로, erythromycin 내성 plasmid가 1.2×10<SUP>-5</SUP>~4.0×10<SUP>-8</SUP> 빈도로 내성이 전달되었다. 따라서 국내에서는 항생제투입의 정량적인 규제나 법적인 제도장치의 마련이 시급하다고 생각되며 앞으로 항생제 사용규제 및 대책마련에 대한 추가적인 연구가 절실하다고 생각되었다. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogene of major concern in livestock products. This study was conducted to test imported and domestic meat sold by retail stores for the presence S. aureus. In addition, the antibiotic susceptibility of any S. aureus found was also evaluated. The overall isolation rate of S. aureus was 20.2% (13.9% in pork and 33.8% in beef) in retail meats. The percentage of imported meats found to contain S. aureus (33.3% in pork and 40.4% in beef) was higher than that of domestic meat (13.0% in pork and 14.7% in beef). In addition, the detection rate of S. aureus was higher in raw material meat than in ready to cook packaged meat. When the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus isolated from the meat products was evaluated, ampicillin was found to be the highest (76.5%), followed by penicillin (75.3%), tetracycline (27.1%) and erythromycin (21.2%). Penicillin and tetracycline resistant were detected in 55.6% and 13.3% of the beef isolates, respectively, and 97.5% and 42.5% of the pork isolates, respectively. The tetracycline and erythromycin resistant plasmids of the isolated strain were transferred into S. aureus DPRMM2429 by the filter mating method and the frequencies of transfer was found to be 1.1×10<SUP>-5</SUP>~1.9×10<SUP>-9</SUP> and 1.2×10<SUP>-5</SUP>~4.0×10<SUP>-8</SUP> respectively.

급성 A형 간염에 동반된 Gianotti-Crosti 증후군 1예

이재동,이길주,송해준,이길도,김선두,김순제,류하근,박봉안,유재등,류주성,박형석,진춘조 대한소화기학회 2000 대한소화기학회지 Vol.36 No.4

Patient with Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome (GCS) presents with a distinctive self-limiting acral papular or papulovesicular eruption. Patient with GCS is associated with an underlying viral and bacterial illness. GCS is a self-limiting cutaneuous response to different infections. Its clinical differences are probably due to individual characteristics of each patient rather than the causative infections agents. GCS in patients infected with hepatitis A virus has not been reported previously in Korea. We report a case of 16-year-old girl who developed an erythematous papular eruption on her extremities a week after an epidemic of hepatitis A. The patient had the characteristics which resembled clinical and histopathologic findings of GCS. Hepatitis A virus RNA was detected by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of tissue from lesion site of the patient.