HCFC-123의 급성 독성간질환 발생 사례에 따른 노출기준 및 법 관리 필요성 권고

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),조지훈 ( Ji Hoon Jo ),최보경 ( Bo Kyung Choi ),이혜림 ( Hye Lim Lee ),변상훈 ( Sang Hoon Byeon ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to propose a domestic occupational exposure limit (OEL) following a health hazard assessment, calculation of a non-carcinogenicity reference concentration worker (RfC_worker) value, and examination of international agencies' exposure limits. It also recommends legal management within the Occupational Safety and Health Act for HCFC-123, which caused an acute hepatotoxicity incident. Methods: An acute hepatotoxicity incident due to the fire extinguishing agent HCFC-123 was investigated. Toxicological hazard and health hazard classifications were examined and a non-carcinogenicity RfC_worker value was calculated for HCFC-123. An OEL and the necessity of legal management were recommended as well. Results and Conclusions: An OEL for HCFC-123 of 10 ppm(62.5 ㎎/㎥), which considered the RfC_worker value, 5.56 ppm, produced in dose-response assessment and the exposure level of 19.1-20.9 ppm measured as an eight-hour TWA(time-weighted average) in the incident place, is recommended. HCFC-123 is urged to be included as a chemical requiring legal management in the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations. In addition, it is recommended that a peak exposure of ACGIH be adopted in the Notice of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.

산업체 유통 GHS MSDS의 영업비밀 적용실태 및 개선방안 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),홍문기 ( Mun Ki Hong ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives: This study is designed to survey the current status of trade secrets in GHS MSDS circulated in workplaces and indicate problems in the chemical information system. According to the survey results, we suggest management plans including political improvement of the trade secret system for MSDS and technical support to workplaces following enhanced chemical communication. Methods: To review this subject, we selected 153 manufacturers and six importers working in such fields as organic chemical production. We then investigated the retention status of GHS MSDS, application of trade secrets, and the content of trade secret components in MSDSs for mixtures. Results and Conclusions: Within the results, the content of trade secret ingredients was 67.4% (single: 9.0%, mixture: 75.6%). This is an increase compared with the previous results of 45.5% in 2011. Among 59,393 GHS MSDSs, 74.5% had ingredients less than 10% trade secret components, 19.1% had 10-30%, 1.8% had 30-50%, and 4.6% had more than 50%. To settle this issue, we recommend registration or evaluation of trade secrets as implemented in advanced countries. Also, business should be required to undergo regular evaluations of application status for trade secrets in workplace GHS MSDS.

산업안전보건법 특별관리물질의 추가 지정방법 및 후보물질 권고에 관한 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),홍문기 ( Mun Ki Hong ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),변상훈 ( Sang Hoon Byeon ),박정선 ( Jung Sun Park ) 한국산업보건학회 2014 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed in order to devise a procedure for supplementing the Special Management Materials in the Occupational Safety and Health Act and recommend candidate materials. The results are expected to be used as fundamental data for classification and criteria necessary to manage Special Management Materials in workplaces. Also, they are expected to be used as a basis for selecting target materials to nominate as additional Special Management Material. Methods: We investigated the selection standards for candidates and review ranges of data sources to nominate Special Management Materials. The substances classified as GHS(Globally Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals) category 1A(known to have carcinogenic potential and reproductive toxicity for humans) or 1B(presumed to have carcinogenic potential and reproductive toxicity for humans) carcinogens and reproductive toxicants among the Controlled Hazardous Substances of the Regulation on Occupational Safety and Health Standards and substances with OELs(Occupational Exposure Limits) were inspected as the candidates for Special Management Materials. Conclusions: A seven-step procedure for selecting candidates to designate as Special Management Materials was suggested, including the setting of target chemicals for evaluation, classification of CMR(Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reproductive toxicants) by GHS classification and criteria, suggestion and selection of the candidates, and more. This study recommends 58 chemicals as qualified candidates to supplement the Special Management Materials.

화학물질의 누출과 피부접촉에 의한 재해자 및 사고사망자 발생현황 조사

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),최현성 ( Hyun Sung Choi ),이하영 ( Ha Young Lee ),신경민 ( Kyung Min Shin ),최흥구 ( Heung Koo Choi ),이인섭 ( In Seop Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2020 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: We investigated the status of accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in Korea. The purpose of this study was to produce and provide technical reference data for the efficient management of accidents and the rational management of accidental chemicals. Methods: Accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in industry were investigated. Based on 68 accident reports related to chemical leakage and skin contact, the causes of accidental deaths were analyzed. In addition, we investigated the chemical substances and articles that caused these accidents and deaths. Based on the results of the investigation, the causes of accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact were identified and practical management measures for the chemicals were suggested. Results and Conclusions: In 2018, 372 people suffered from chemical leaks and skin contact, up by 123 (about 49.4%) from the previous year. The number of accident deaths was 14, an increase of five (about 55.6%) from the previous year. In the last three years (2016-2018), 91 chemical substances and article groups were involved in accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact. There were 16 chemical substance and article groups involved in accidental deaths. There were ten cases of accidents involving two or more casualties due to chemical leakage and skin contact, and 23 deaths occurred. Most of these accidental deaths were caused by subcontractor workers outsourcing risks. Therefore, there is an apparent need to strengthen the responsibility for safety and health among subcontractors.

GHS 화학물질 분류기준과 분류결과의 비교 및 화학물질 정보자료의 활용방법 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),임철홍 ( Cheol Hong Lim ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),국원근 ( Won Kwen Kuk ) 한국산업위생학회 2008 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The use of chemical products to enhance and improve life is a widespread practice worldwide. But alongside the benefits of these products, there is also the potential for adverse effects to people or the environment. As a result, a number of countries or organizations have developed laws or regulations over the years that require information to be prepared and transmitted to those using chemicals, through labels or Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). While these existing laws or regulations are similar in many respects, their differences are significant enough to result in different labels or MSDS for the same product in different countries. Given the reality of the extensive global trade in chemicals, and the need to develop national programs to ensure their safe use, transport, and disposal, it was recognized that a Globally harmonization system of classification and labeling of chemicals(GHS) would provide the foundation for such programs. This study offered complementary details of GHS classification criteria adopted in Korea by analyzing the differences in chemical classification system between UN and Korea Ministry of Labor. Also it is proposed that mutual agreement of information DB used is required by comparing classification results of chemicals in Korea, Japan, and EU. We offered the lists of information sources useful for chemical classification.

노출기준 설정 화학물질의 CMR물질 정보 제공에 관한 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: This study was performed to provide workplaces with political guidelines that apply international CMRs (Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reproductive toxins) information to Public Notice of TLVs (Threshold Limit Values). We analyzed information supply status about CMRs of international agencies and compared substances for which TLVs are set in KMoEL (Ministry of Employment and Labor in Korea). Methods: We referred to the reliable literature about classification criteria of CMRs corresponding to UN GHS (Globally Harmonized System of classification and Labeling of chemicals) and Public Notice No. 2009-68 ``Standard for Classification, Labeling of Chemical Substance and Material Safety Data Sheet`` in KMoEL. The classification system of CMRs in professional organizations (IARC, NTP, ACGIH, EU ECHA, KMoEL, etc.) was investigated through the internet and literature. Conclusions: 191 chemical substances among total 650 substances with TLVs are classified as carcinogens. Also, 43 substances classified as mutagens, and 44 as reproductive toxicants. These results suggest that the information of CMRs in Public Notice of TLV will be reorganized to 191 carcinogens, 43 mutagens, and 44 reproductive toxicants.

UN GHS 기준에 의한 국내 건강·환경유해성 분류기준 및 분류결과의 통일화 방안 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ),송세욱 ( Se Wook Song ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives: This study was performed to provide harmonized guidelines on health and environmental classification criteria and its results of chemicals in Korea. Methods: Firstly, The history of GHS implementation in UN and Korea was reviewed. Secondly, the differences in classification criteria on health and environmental hazards among UN GHS and two Korean government agencies, Korea Ministry of Employment and Labour (KMoEL) and Korea Ministry of Environmental (KMoE). The classification results were compared between classifications of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) based on KMoEL and classifications of Korea National Institute of Environmental Research (KNIER) based on KMoE. Finally, an inter-agency harmonization on the classification criteria and the results was suggested by comparing the classification results of 5 chemicals; Benzene, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, and trichloroethylene, Results: KMoEL and KMoE revised regulations on chemical management and published a Notices on GHS classification criteria according to UN GHS document. However, the hazard to the ozone layer contained in the latest edition of UN GHS document published in 2011 was not included yet. The differences in classifications of 5 chemicals between KOSHA and KNIER were 36.2% in health hazards and 23.4% in environmental hazards, respectively. In conclusion, we suggested that a new revision be needed to include newly contained hazard and inter-agency working party be organized to harmonize classification results.

열가소성 수지의 단량체 분석 및 유해성 분류

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),조지훈,최진희 ( Jin Hee Choi ),최성봉 ( Sung Bong Choi ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ) 한국산업위생학회 2007 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study covers the investigation of the actual condition in the workplace to produce plastics products using synthetic resins and the investigation on the trends amount of the domestic production of thermoplastic resins. To analyze the monomers included in thermoplastic resins frequently used in the workplace, we analyzed thermal characteristics for test compounds using thermogravimetric analysis and did the qualitative analysis using Pyrolyzer GC-MSD & TDS GC-MSD. And then we classified the health hazard of monomers based on GHS classification criteria using information toxicity & carcinogenicity. The number of the workplace to produce plastics products among all domestic manufacturers of 73,884 was 4,391 (5.94%). The number of workers to produce plastics products among all workers of 2,522,750 in all domestic manufacturers was 104,971 (4.16%). The amount of production per year for thermoplastic resins is in the order of PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, ABS, PS and such compounds was producing over 1 Million ton per year each. The classification result based on GHS classification criteria for 22 main compounds included thermoplastic resins says 2 compounds of acrylonitrile, naphthalene are in Acute oral category 3 and benzene is in Acute dermal category 1. The classification results of health hazard of carcinogenicity based on IARC & ACGIH carcinogen classification says 2 compounds of benzene, vinyl chloride are in category 1A (known to be human carcinogens).

산업안전보건 분야의 UN 국제적 화학물질관리에 대한 전략적 접근(SAICM) 이행에 관한 연구

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),이혜진 ( Hye Jin Lee ),이종한 ( Jong Han Lee ),양정선 ( Jeong Sun Yang ) 한국산업보건학회 2010 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of SAICM (Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management) is to minimize the health and environmental hazards from the production and the consumption of chemicals by improving the chemicals management capability of developing countries and implementing a system of the risk assessment and the management based on the precautionary principle until 2020. To achieve this purpose, the UN has prescribed the principles, objectives and establishment of an action plan for the chemicals management strategy which must be carried out at international, local, and national levels, and requested the implementation of the Global Plan of Action (GPA) comprising of 273 recommendations in 36 work areas. SAICM is currently based on voluntary participation, but is expected to become the basic framework of international order in relation to chemicals management in the future. This study aims to analyze the practice in the occupational safety and health area relating to implement 273 recommendations of the GPA, and propose complementary measures for the system in order to provide political advices for establishing future plans to manage industrial chemicals. Twenty three areas of total 36 work areas and 161 items of 273 recommendations have relevance to occupational safety and health areas. We have found that, as a national implementation level, 157 of 161 industrial safety and health items are being implemented at a satisfactory level in regard to the implementation of the GPA, while 4 items, including the ratification of the ILO Conventions 170, 174, 184, and support for GHS (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of chemicals) implementation of developing countries, require additional complementary measures for the system and operation.

국내 물질안전보건자료 영업비밀 심사제도의 도입ㆍ운영에 대한 검토 및 제안

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),조지훈 ( Ji Hoon Jo ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: From a policy perspective, the introduction of confidential information reviews is a vital task for expanding workers' right to know and improving hazardous materials information communication. In this study, rational methods for introducing and administering confidential information reviews were examined as a part of advancing chemical information communication. Methods: The domestic status, social demands, and control cases from other countries about confidential information in material safety data sheets (MSDSs) were all examined. Additionally, principles for introducing MSDS confidential information review, what needs to be revised prior to its introduction, and procedures and manners of reviewing confidential information were suggested. Results and Conclusions: When composition information on MSDS needs to be protected in the EU and Canada, confidential information should be claimed and then approved by competent authorities with a principle of reviewing confidential information prior to rescinding information from MSDS. Applying the same principle, certain information on an MSDS that needs to be protected should be reviewed and approved in Korea. As a result, the MSDS is communicated with approval numbers replacing composition information. MSDS confidential information review has five steps, including deciding whether chemicals claimed to be confidential are excluded from applying for a confidentiality exemption, the names and concentration ranges of ingredients are adequate, and the claimed information is valid in terms of confidentiality.