금속산화물이 코팅된 마이카 티타니아 진주광택 안료의 제조 및 색차변화

이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ),강국현 ( Kuk Hyoun Kang ),이진희 ( Jin Hee Lee ),이동규 ( Dong Kyu Lee ) 한국유화학회 2013 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.30 No.2

무지개 빛을 내는 무기진주광택안료는, 내광성, 내용제성 및 내열성 등이 물리적 화학적 안정성이 우수하여 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 본 연구는 수열합성방법을 사용하여 마이카 티타니아에 파란색 코팅 안료인 염화코발트를 기본으로 화장품 안료로 사용되는 진주광택안료를 합성하였다. 코발트에 의한 안료의 색상을 보완하고자 코발트와 금속 염의 비를 달리하여 안료를 코팅하고, 이를 통해 금속염의 종류에 따라 다양한 색차값을 구현하는 진주광택 안료를 합성하였다. 코발트와 첨가된 금속 염 전구체의 조성비와, 금속 염의 종류에 따라 코팅특성과 색상을 조절할 수 있었고, 안료의 다양한 색상변화 특성을 색차계를 통해 확인 하였다. 합성된 안료는 SPM, SEM, XRD, EDS 기기를 통해 특성을 분석하였다. The inorganic pearlescent pigment have high physical and chemical stability, thus it is used in a variety field, which has better light stability, solvent resistance and thermostability. In this paper, we were synthesized the pearlescent pigment for cosmetics which was coated cobalt chloride for base of blue color metal oxide on mica titania substrate using hydrothermal synthesis method. To complement the color of the pigment by cobalt, pearl pigment were coated by different metal salt and cobalt ratio, to implement a variety of color value, depending on the kind of metal salts were synthesized. Synthesized pearlescent pigments appear various color as kind of added metal salt precursor and molar ration of cobalt and other metals. We controlled coating and color by composition of metal salt and type of metal salts, and that confirm the pigment characteristics of color changes through the analysis of color difference meter. Synthesized pigment was characterized by SPM, SEM, XRD, and EDS.

소아 급성 충수염의 임상적 분석

李寬植(Kwan Sik Lee),張秀一(Soo Il Chang) 대한외과학회 1987 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.32 No.4

수열 합성법에 의해 페릭페로시아나이드가 코팅된 마이카 티나니아 진주광택안료의 합성 및 특성

이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ),이동규 ( Dong Kyu Lee ) 한국유화학회 2011 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The pearlesent pigment has received attention in a diversity of fields like cosmetics, inks, paints and so on. Ferric Ferrocyanide, one of the nano sized pearlescent pigment, is a kind of surface modification pigment that covers a metal oxidized substance or a coloring agent with uniform thickness. Characteristics of pearlescent pigment are various interference color, intense gloss effect and a three-dimensional effect. We synthesised the pearlesent pigment that ferric ferrocyanide can be deposited on the titania/mica surface by hydrothermal synthesis method. The process parameters are concentration of precursor, controlling pH and reaction temperature. The optimun conditions is that amount of iron(Ⅲ) chloride hexahydrate is 3.1 wt% and amount of potassim ferrocynide trihydrate is 3.6 wt% in the started pH 4.5 at 70 ℃. The coating rate and coating efficiency of ferric ferrocyanide was about 1.47 % and 96.7 %, respectively. The synthesised pearlesent pigment was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and EDS.

대한간학회 가이드라인 : 만성 B형간염의 치료

이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ),김동준 ( Dong Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2007 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.13 No.4

B 형 바이러스성 만성 활동성 간염 환자에서 스테로이드 이탈요법 및 알파 인터페론 투여에 의한 면역상태의 변화

이관식(Kwan Sik Lee),한광협(Kwang Hyub Han),정준표(Jun Pyo Chung),전재윤(Chae Yoon Chon),이상인(Sang In Lee),문영명(Young Myung Moon),강진경(Jin Kyung Kang),박인서(In Suh Park),최흥재(Heung Jai Choi),신전수(Jeon Soo Shin),최인홍(In H 대한내과학회 1995 대한내과학회지 Vol.49 No.1

N/A Objectives: It has been suggested that cellular immune responses to the hepatitis B virus are of importance in the production of liver cell damage in chronic active hepatitis type B. Short-term corticosteroid withdrawal in patients with chronic active hepatitis type B is frequently associated with enhanced cellular immune responses to hepatitis B virus. Several clinical studies had suggested that short-term corticosteroid withdrawal followed by interferon treatment might enhance its antiviral efficacy. The present study was designed to investigate the change of immune parameters in patients with chronic active heptitis type B treatment with short-term corticosteroid withdrawal followed by interferon alpha(IFN-a). Methods: The subjects were 11 patients with chronic active hepatitis type B who were given prednisolone in decreasing daily doses of 60mg, 40mg and 20mg, each for 2 weeks, followed by a 4-week rest and l6 weeks of recombinant alpha 2a interferon (INF-α) was administered intramuscularly. Serum ALT level, serum HBV DNA level and serum sIL-2R level were assayed and CD4+ T cell/ CD8+T cell ratio, IL-2R+T cell/Total T cell(%), TLiSAI+T cell/Total T cell(%) and suppressor T cell activity were measured. Results: 1) The serum ALT level was increased significantly at 2 weeks after the end of prednisolone administration(p<0.005) and decreased significantly after the start of INF-α administration(p<0.005). 2) The serum HBV DNA level was increased significantly during the prednisolone administration(p<0.01) and decreased siginificantly after the end of prednisolone administration and resting period(p<0.05). 3) The serum sIL-2R level was increased significantly at 2 weeks after the end of prednisalone administration(p<0.05). After the end of prednisolone administration and the start of INF-α administration, the serum sIL-2R level was decreased significantly( p<0.05). 4) The increase of serum ALT level after the increase of IL-2R+T cell(%) and TLiSA1+ T cell/ Total T cell(%) after the increase of TLiSA1+T cell/ Total T cell(%) was significant. 5) The maximum increase of serum ALT level and the maximum decrease of suppressor T cell activity were observed in 4 of 5 patients(80.0%) at 2 weeks after the end of prednisolone administration. Conclusion: The serum HBV DNA level was decreased significantly by the immune rebound after the end of steroid administration. Probably increase of IL-2R+T cell/Total T cell(%) and TliSAl+T cell/ Total T cell(%) and decrease of suppresor T cell activity were related to the immune rebound.

논평 : 만성 B형간염 환자에서 클레부딘 치료

이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ) 대한간학회 2009 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.15 No.2

간섬유화 실험 동물모델

이관식(Kwan Sik Lee) 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.37 No.4

Excessive production of extracellular matrix(ECM), especially collagen, in the liver can produce hepatic fibrosis, and the repeated hepatic fibrosis by various etiologies may result in liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is the irreversible and terminal state of chronic liver diseases and thus, it is one of the major causes of death in Korea. To block the progress to liver cirrhosis is the main purpose of management for chronic liver diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis by producing ECM. The extent of ECM is dependent on the proliferation and activation of HSCs. Therefore, the inhibition of HSC activation is viewed as one of the main ways to block the progress of hepatic fibrosis. Many kinds of experimental animal model with hepatic fibrosis induced by hepatotoxin, alcohol, bile duct ligation, diet and immunologic activation etc. have been produced to investigate the mechanism of hepatic fibrogenesis including HSC activation, ECM production, cytokines and gene expression. In this article, experimental animal models of hepatic fibrogenesis are briefly reviewed. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;37:227-232)

공공디자인에 있어서 옥외광고물 및 공용표지 사인디자인 연구

이관식 ( Lee Kwan Sik ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2009 한국디자인포럼 Vol.25 No.-

최근 각 도시들은 세계화 추세에 맞추어 문화적 정체성을 확보하기 위해 성공적 공공디자인 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 21세기는 이전의 기술 중심시기와는 다르게 정보와 교류 그리고 인간, 공간, 환경을 고려한 도시디자인과 예술적 가치를 높인 품격있는 도시디자인 구축에 촛점을 두고 있는 것이 보편화 된 사실이다. 공공디자인에 있어서 옥외광고물 및 공용표지 사인디자인의 개발은 도시의 수준과 미래를 예감할 수 있는 하나의 척도로서 옥외광고물 및 공용표지 사인디자인의 역할이 그 어느 때 보다 중요한 시점이 되었다. 따라서 앞으로 아름다운 옥외광고물과 공용표지를 만들기 위해서는 불필요한 정보의 옥외광고물은 배제하고 최소한의 정보전달 도구로 이용했을 때 최대한의 효과를 얻어낼 수 있다고 본다. 본 논문은 지속 가능하고 긍정적인 도시 이미지를 만들기 위한, 공공디자인으로서 옥외광고물 및 공용표지 사인디자인을 경기도지역 중 옥외광고물과 공용표지 설치가 우수한 지역을 연구 대상지역으로 선정하여 그 지역의 분석을 통한 도시 아이덴티티를 설정하고, 결과물로써 옥외광고물 및 공용표지 사인디자인의 개발내용을 분석한다. Every city, recently, makes a great effort to develop successful public designs to secure cultural identity keeping step with the trend of globalization. It is the universal fact that 21st century is the era of focusing on constructing highly valued noble city design considering exchanging information among human beings, spaces, and environment, which is different from the previous technology-oriented time. In the public design, developing outdoor advertisement and public-sign plays the greatest role at any time ever as a barometer for both future and level of the city. Consequently, to make beautiful outdoor advertisement and public signs , we have to get rid of unnecessary informed outdoor advertisement and utilize them as a tool to deliver the minimum information so that we have maximum efficiency. This thesis makes a search for the development of outdoor advertisement and public sign design to make city image positive and continual. The regions of Gyunggi province which have excellency in setting up outdoor advertisement and public signs were chosen as the target cities for the study and I propose the development contents with the results of this study

간섬유화

이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2006 대한소화기학회지 Vol.48 No.5

In acute injury, liver recovers completely without any scarring change or complication. However, large portion of liver is changed into fibrotic state by excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) under chronic injury. Excessive production of ECM results in hepatic fibrosis and repeated process of hepatic fibrosis progress into liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is an irreversible and terminal state of chronic liver disease and one of the major causes of death in Korea. To block the progression to liver cirrhosis, various studies in the field of virology and immunology have been proceeded. Recently, studies on the hepatic fibrogenesis have progressed with the development of molecular biology. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis by producing ECM. The degree of hepatic fibrosis depends on the proliferation and activation of HSC and increased net production of collagen. Therefore, inhibition of HSC activation is one of the main ways to block the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Many kinds of factors such as oxidative stress, acetaldehyde, ascorbic acid, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) have been reported to activate HSC and stimulate collagen gene expression. Although there are no definite and effective antifibrogenic agents, possible candidates are antioxidants, interferon, retinoids such as β-carotene, flavonoids, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists. We tried to evaluate the characteristics of HSC in order to develop agents that inhibit hepatic fibrogenesis. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2006;48:297-305)

췌관내유두상점액종양에서 췌장외 종양의 발생

오석진 ( Seok Jin Oh ),이세준 ( Se Joon Lee ),이활연 ( Hwal Youn Lee ),백용한 ( Yong Han Paik ),이동기 ( Dong Ki Lee ),이관식 ( Kwan Sik Lee ),정재복 ( Jae Bock Chung ),유정식 ( Jeong Sik Yu ),윤동섭 ( Dong Sup Yoon ) 대한소화기학회 2009 대한소화기학회지 Vol.54 No.3

Background/Aims: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas has a favorable prognosis, but seems to be associated with a high incidence of extrapancreatic tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and clinicopathological features of extrapancreatic tumors associated with IPMN. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with IPMN of the pancreas, confirmed by surgical resection and typical findings of endoscopic ultrasonography and CT imaging between October 1, 1998 and August 31, 2006 were included. Seventeen patients were diagnosed with surgical resection and biopsy, and others by typical imaging findings of IPMN. These patients were examined for the development of extrapancreatic tumors. Results: Of 37 patients with IPMN, 14 (38%) had 18 extrapancreatic tumors, and 10 (27%) had 13 extrapancreatic malignancies. Five, six, and two extrapancreatic malignancies had diagnosed before during, and after the diagnosis of IPMN. Gastric adenocarcinoma (3 patients, 23%) and colorectal carcinoma (3 patients, 23%) were the most common neoplasms. Other extrapancreatic tumors included lung cancer (n=2), prostatic cancer (n=1), renal cell carcinoma (n=1), cholangiocelluar carcinoma (n=1), urinary bladder cancer (n=1), and gallbladder cancer (n=1), respectively. As benign tumor, there were two gallbladder adenoma, one gastric adenoma, one colonic adenoma and one benign ovarian cystic neoplasm, respectively. Conclusions: IPMN is associated with high incidence of extrapancreatic tumors, particularly gastric and colorectal neoplasms. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy should be done, and systemic surveillance for the possible occurrence of other tumors may allow early detection of extrapancreatic tumor in patients with IPMN. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;54:162-166)