호스피스 병동에 입원한 암환자에서 실시한 고식적 방사선치료 실태

이경환,손덕승,심병용,김성환,김치홍,김수지,이옥경,신옥경,김은중,김훈교,Lee, Kyoung-Hwan,Sun, Der-Sheng,Shim, Byoung-Yong,Kim, Sung-Hwan,Kim, Chi-Hong,Kim, Su-Zy,Lee, Ok-Kyung,Shin, Ok-Kyung,Kim, Eun-Joung,Kim, Hoon-Kyo 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2007 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.10 No.2

목적: 호스피스 병동에 입원한 암환자에서 얼마나 고식적 방사선치료가 이용되는지, 방사선치료를 받는 환자중 끝마치지 못하는 환자는 얼마나 되는지, 그 이유는 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 11월부터 2005년 10월까지 2년간 성 빈센트 병원 호스피스 병동에 입원한 환자 404명중 고식적 방사선치료를 시작한 33명에 대해 환자의 일반 특징과 방사선치료를 끝마치지 못한 이유와 그 방사선조사량에 대해 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 404명 중 33명(8.2%)이 고식적 방사선치료를 시작하였다. 방사선치료의 주 적응증은 뇌전이, 동통성 골전이, 동통성 종양과 폐쇄성 호흡곤란 순이었다. 방사선 치료를 시작한 환자 중 45%는 방사선치료를 끝마치지 못했고 20%는 계획한 방사선 조사량의 1/3 이하만을 투여받았다. 치료를 마치지 못한 이유는 불량한 전신 상태가 대부분이었다. 결론: 성빈센트병원 호스피스 병동에서 고식적 방사선치료가 진행성 암 환자에게 많이 이용되고 있으나 마치지 못하는 경우가 많았다. 적절한 환자의 선별기준과 방사선 치료기간의 단축을 통해 더 많은 환자가 방사선 치료로 증상 완화에 도움이 될 것이다. Purpose: We evaluated how many patients received radiotherapy and how many those of them could not complete radiation therapy in Hospice Ward. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the general characteristics in 33 patients who began to receive palliative radiation therapy, and radiation dose and reasons of not-completing radiation therapy in Hospice Ward of St. Vincent's Hospital. Results: Thirty three (8.2%) among 404 patients who had been admitted from November 2003 and October 2005 received palliative radiation therapy. The main indications of radiation therapy included brain metastasis, painful bone metastasis, painful tumor mass, and obstructive shortness of breath. Forty five percent of these patients could not complete. And 20% could receive less than 1/3 of planned radiation dose. They failed to complete the treatment often due to poor general rendition. Conclusion: Although palliative radiation therapy had been used frequently for patients with advanced cancer in Hospice Ward of St. Vincent's Hospital, but it was often not completed. With appropriate selection criteria of patients and shorter modification of radiation treatment period, more patients would be benefited with palliative radiation therapy in Hospice Ward.

소아(小兒) 야뇨증(夜尿症)의 치료(治療)에 관한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察)

이경환,서수환,김행진,김용성,Lee Kyung-Hwan,Seo Soo-Hwan,Kim Hang-Jin,Kim Yong-Sung 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.1

Between February 2002 and June 2003, A clinical study on Noctural Enurosis Patients had been conducted by the Department of Internal medicine at Dongshin University Oriental hospital. In this study, we treated nine patients with ear acupuncture using seed of Allium tuberosum ROTTLER and Herbal medicine. And we got the efficacious results. Moreover, the patients who were treated for more than 20days show more efficient result.

만성신부전으로 의심되는 환자에서 주증에 따른 한의학적 변증치료의 예(例)

이경환,김용성,곽정진,류형천,김행진,Lee Kyung-Hwan,Kim Yong-Seung,Kwark Jung-Jin,Ryu Hyung-Chun,Kim Haeng-Jin 대한한방내과학회 2003 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

Renal Failure is called a disorder of kidney excretion induced by glomerulus filtration rate(GFR) decrease. GFR is measured by Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) and Cretinine in blood. This study is about Oriental diagnosis and treatment of Chronic renal failure(CRF) patients. We treated five cases which were diagnosed as CRF by using methods used in oriental medicine, the application of Youkmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯加減). In most such cases, we concluded that the results turns better as the symptoms like fatigue and digestive disorder decreases and the decrease of BUN and Creatinine in blood as well.

적응 변조 시스템에서 최적의 터보 부호화된 V-BLAST 기법의 성능 분석

이경환,최광욱,류상진,강민구,홍대기,유철우,황인태,김철성,Lee, Kyung-Hwan,Choi, Kwang-Wook,Ryoo, Sang-Jin,Kang, Min-Goo,Hong, Dae-Ki,You, Cheol-Woo,Hwang, In-Tae,Kim, Cheol-Sung 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문에서는 V-BLAST (Vertical-Bell-lab Layered Space Time)의 두 디코딩 과정인 ordering과 slicing에 사전 확률 (a priori probability)로 사용하기 위해서 반복 디코딩 (iterative decoding)을 사용한 MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) 디코더의 외부 정보 (extrinsic information)를 이용한 최적의 터보 부호화된 (Turbo Coded) V-BLAST 기법을 적용한 적응 변조 시스템 (adaptive modulation system)을 제시 후 성능을 관찰한다. 또한 적응 변조 시스템에서 간단하게 V-BLAST 시스템과 터보 부호화 (Turbo Coding) 기법이 결합된 기존의 터보 부호화된 V-BLAST 기법을 적용한 경우에 비하여 어느 정도 전송률 (throughput)향상이 있는가를 살펴본다. 실험결과, 적응 변조 시스템에서 최적의 터보 부호화된 V-BLAST 기법을 적용한 경우가 기존의 터보 부호화된 V-BLAST 기법을 적용한 경우에 비하여 전송률 성능이 우수함을 보였다. 특히, 실험 결과는 2.5 Mbps의 전송률에서 1.5 dB의 SNR 이득을 보인다. In this paper, we propose and observe the Adaptive Modulation system with optimal Turbo Coded V-BLAST (Vertical-Bell-lab Layered Space-Time) technique that is applied the extrinsic information from MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) Decoder with Iterative Decoding to use as a priori probability in two decoding procedures of V-BLAST: ordering and slicing. Also, comparing with the Adaptive Modulation system using conventional Turbo Coded V-BLAST technique that is simply combined V-BLAST with Turbo Coding scheme, we observe how much throughput performance has been improved. As a result of simulation, in the Adaptive Modulation systems with several Turbo Coded V-BLAST techniques, the optimal Turbo Coded V-BLAST technique has higher throughput gain than the conventional Turbo Coded V-BLAST technique. Especially, the results show that the proposed scheme achieves the gain of 1.5 dB SNR compared to the conventional system at 2.5 Mbps throughput.

컴팩트 시티 계획 요소가 지역 주민의 보행 시간에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이경환(Lee Kyung-Hwan),김승남(Kim Seung-Nam),안건혁(Ahn Kun-Hyuck) 한국도시설계학회 2008 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.9 No.3

도시계획 과정에서 합의 형성에 영향을 미치는 요인

이경환(Lee, Kyung-Hwan),안건혁(Ahn, Kun Hyuck) 한국도시설계학회 2007 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.8 No.2

정수계획법을 이용한 NIST 보안통제 구현 최적화에 관한 연구

이경환 ( Kyung Hwan Lee ),장성용 ( Seong Yong Jang ) 한국경영공학회 2018 한국경영공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

To protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information system, NIST security controls are more effective if it implemented by priority-base defined. Because each security control has related controls and has relationship with these controls, it increases completeness when security controls are implemented with related controls together. But there is a complexity due to the n:n multi-relationship between security control and related controls. User cannot easily address the multi-relationship problem by manual mode. As a result of solving this problem by using integer programming, the method of utilizing in assessing the security control implementation is suggested.

바이오에탄올 적용 스파크 점화엔진의 운전조건에 따른 배출가스 특성

이경환 ( Kyung-hwan Lee ),김재수 ( Jaesoo Kim ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2018 공학기술논문지 Vol.11 No.2

Bioethanol has been applied to spark ignition engine as an alternative fuel to gasoline since it is renewable bio-based and oxygenated fuel. It can provide the potential to reduce the harmful exhaust emissions such as HC, NOx, CO, CO₂ and particulate matters. It can also improve the power and thermal efficiency due to its higher octane number and heat of vaporization. In order to apply bioethanol as a fuel in a gasoline engine, it is necessary to clearly grasp exhaust gas emission characteristics near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio in order to sufficiently secure the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter while changing the air-fuel ratio and ignition timing under partial load conditions. It was found that the peak NOx emissions occurred at near stoichiometry due to oxygen contained in bioethanol and lower than gasoline. HC, CO and CO₂ were also emitted lower than gasoline due to contained oxygen and highert H/C ratio.

근린의 토지이용과 대중교통시설 보행접근성이 통근통행에 미치는 영향

이경환(Lee, Kyung-Hwan) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.9

본 연구는 서울시를 대상으로 근린의 토지이용과 대중교통시설 보행접근성이 통근통행에 미치는 영향을 분 석하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2010년 수도권 가구통행실태조사 자료를 이용하여 분석을 수 행하였으며, 최종적으로 34,071명의 통근통행 자료를 분석자료로 이용하였다. 분석방법은 임의절편로짓모형을 이용하 였다. 분석결과 근린의 주거밀도와 토지이용혼합도가 높을수록, 그리고 거주지에서 지하철역까지 보행거리가 짧을수 록 통근통행에서 승용차보다 지하철을 이용할 확률이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 고밀․복합개발을 유도하고 대 중교통시설의 보행접근성을 높여주는 도시정책은 대중교통이용을 활성화하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 생각된 다. 마지막으로 대중교통을 이용한 통근통행에 영향을 미치는 지하철역의 보행권 범위를 산정한 결과 약 432~525m 로 추정되었다. The purpose of this study is to analyze neighborhood's land use and transit accessibility affecting residents' commuting trips through a case study of Seoul. The main data source used for this research is 2010 Household Travel Survey data from which 34,071 observations were selected as the final sample. Then a statistic analysis was carried out by applying random intercept logit model. Analysis shows that a high level of residential density, land use mix in neighborhood results in more use of subway for commuting. And higher access to subway station leads to more use of subway. Therefore, a high dense and mixed use development as well as a high accessibility to transit station can contribute to activating the use of public transportation for commuting. Finally, the walking range of subway station affecting transit mode for commuting is estimated at between 432 to 525m.

담배소송에 있어서 흡연과 폐암 사이의 역학적 인과관계의 역할

이경환(Kyung-Hwan Lee),강현희(Hyun-Hee Kang) 한국역학회 2005 Epidemiology and Health Vol.27 No.2

It is generally accepted that acknowledgment of the causality of the association between smoking and lung cancer plays a crucial role in imposing liability on tobacco manufacturers in tobacco-related cases. However, acknowledgment of the epidemiological causality of the association is merely a precondition to putting liability on tobacco manufacturers; it does not play a crucial role. Smokers smoke manufactured tobacco by their right to choose according to their self-decision; therefore, it is not reasonable to place all liability concerning lung cancer on tobacco manufacturers. This paper studies the dual structure of the causality of the association between tobacco manufacturing and smoking as well as smoking and lung cancer. It can be understood that tobacco manufacturers must be held liable for lung cancer caused by smoking when there was intentional concealment or insufficient provision of information on the harmfulness of tobacco and the addictiveness of nicotine. The epidemiological causality of the association is the minimum scientific and legal precondition to placing liability on tobacco manufacturers for lung cancer caused by smoking. However, striving for protection and promotion of national health by, for instance, promoting antismoking programs, the epidemiological causality of the association adequately plays a social role when viewed from a public health perspective.