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방전플라즈마 소결법으로 제조된 Bismuth Antimony Telluride의 소결온도에 따른 열전특성
이경석,서성호,진상현,유봉영,정영근,Lee, Kyoung-Seok,Seo, Sung-Ho,Jin, Sang-Hyun,Yoo, Bong-Young,Jeong, Young-Keun 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.6
Bismuth antimony telluride (BiSbTe) thermoelectric materials were successfully prepared by a spark plasma sintering process. Crystalline BiSbTe ingots were crushed into small pieces and then attrition milled into fine powders of about 300 nm ~ 2${\mu}m$ size under argon gas. Spark plasma sintering was applied on the BiSbTe powders at 240, 320, and $380^{\circ}C$, respectively, under a pressure of 40 MPa in vacuum. The heating rate was $50^{\circ}C$/min and the holding time at the sintering temperature was 10 min. At all sintering temperatures, high density bulk BiSbTe was successfully obtained. The XRD patterns verify that all samples were well matched with the $Bi_{0.5}Sb_{1.5}Te_{3}$. Seebeck coefficient (S), electric conductivity (${\sigma}$) and thermal conductivity (k) were evaluated in a temperature range of $25{\sim}300^{\circ}C$. The thermoelectric properties of BiSbTe were evaluated by the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT (ZT = $S^2{\sigma}T$/k). The grain size and electric conductivity of sintered BiSbTe increased as the sintering temperature increased but the thermal conductivity was similar at all sintering temperatures. Grain growth reduced the carrier concentration, because grain growth reduced the grain boundaries, which serve as acceptors. Meanwhile, the carrier mobility was greatly increased and the electric conductivity was also improved. Consequentially, the grains grew with increasing sintering temperature and the figure of merit was improved.
이경석(Lee Kyoung Seok),우영춘(Woo Young Choon),김진미(Kim Jin Mee),지동해(Chi Dong Hae) 한국정보처리학회 1997 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.4 No.11
This paper describes the design and implementation of the ParaC language that supports parallel programming on the shared memory and distributed memory parallel machine. The ParaC language is designed for the effective use of system resources of scalable parallel systems. The goal is achieved by adding parallel and synchronization constructs for shared address spaces, and remote task constructs for distributed address spaces. This paper also show the translation method, and we implement the translator and the run-time library for parallel execution of extended constructs.
졸-겔법에 의한 SiO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> 박막의 초친수성
박민정,이경석,강종봉,문종수,Park, Min-Jung,Lee, Kyoung-Seok,Kang, Jong-Bong,Mun, Chong-Soo 한국재료학회 2007 한국재료학회지 Vol.17 No.3
[ $TiO_{2}-solution$ ] was aaded in $SiO_{2}-solution$ by various composition. $SiO_{2}-TiO_{2}$ thin films were obtained by the dip-coating method on the $SiO_{2}$ glass substrates, and then heat-treated at various temperature. Nano-size $TiO_{2}$ particles dispersed $SiO_{2}-TiO_{2}$ films showed absorption peak by quantum size effect at short wavelength region $350{\sim}400nm$, which made them good candidates for non-linear optical materials and photo-catalytic materials. The thickness of $SiO_{2}-TiO_{2}$ films were $300{\sim}430nm$. The contact angle of $SiO_{2}-TiO_{2}$ films for water was $5.3{\sim}47.9^{\circ}$, and therefore it is clear that $SiO_{2}-TiO_{2}$ films have super hydrophilic properties and the self-cleaning effects.
서광엽,김승호,이경석,민경우,서희정,강영주,백계진,문용운,신대윤,Seo, Gwang-Yeob,Kim, Seung-Ho,Lee, Kyoung-Seok,Min, Kyoung-Woo,Seo, Hee-Jeong,Kang, Yeong-Ju,Paik, Ke-Jin,Moon, Young-Woon,Shin, Dae-Yewn 한국환경보건학회 2010 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.36 No.2
In this study, ambient particulate matter ($PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$) levels were measured and their chemical and physical properties were characterized. Two sites in Gwangju were sampled once a month from December 2008 to November 2009. The annual mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were $26.9\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $46.3\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, in Nongseongdong and $26.1\;{\mu}g/m^3$ and $44.8\;{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, in Duam-dong. $PM_{2.5}$ levels were 1.8 times higher than the USA Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) national ambient air quality standard for $PM_{2.5}$ ($15\;{\mu}g/m^3$). The average $PM_{2.5}/PM_{10}$ ratio of 0.58 suggested that $PM_{2.5}$ is a significant component of the ambient particle pollution. The order of concentration of metallic elements in $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ was Si > Al > Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn. Cd was not detected. The earth crustal enrichment factors for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in $PM_{2.5}$ were higher than those in $PM_{10}$. When the earth crustal enrichment factors for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were higher than 10, this suggested influence from anthropogenic sources. The soil contribution ratios for $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ were 11.3% and 16.4%, respectively, and were higher in the fall and winter. Anions (${SO_4}^{-2}$, ${NO_3}^-$, and $Cl^-$) comprise 28.7% of $PM_{2.5}$ and 21.4% of $PM_{10}$. The correlation coefficient of Zn-Fe, Mn-Cu, Fe-Cu and Fe-Mn in $PM_{2.5}$ was high in the sampling sites, and metallic elements were primarily from anthropogenic sources such as fuel combustion and vehicle emissions.
졸-겔법에 의한 나노크기 Au 미립자 분산 TiO<sub>2</sub> 박막의 특성
박민정,구세나,이경석,문종수,Park, Min-Jung,Koo, Se-Na,Lee, Kyoung-Seok,Mun, Chong-Soo 한국세라믹학회 2006 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.43 No.2
Nano-size Au particle doped $TiO_2$ films were prepared with $Ti(OC_3H_7^i)_4$, polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP), $HAuCl_4$ and $C_3H_7OH$ etc. by sol-gel method. $TiO_2$ gel films were obtained by the dip-coating method on the $SiO_2$ glass substrates, and then heat-treated at $700^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The thickness of $TiO_2$ films were $0.7\~1.8\;{\mu}m$. It was found that the thickness of films prepared from PVP containing solution was about $2\~8$ times higher values than that of thin films without PVP. The size of Au particles doped in the films were about $350\~750\;nm$. Nano-size Au particle dispersed $TiO_2$ films showed high absorption peak at visible region 450nm, which made them good candidates for non-linear optical materials and photo-catalytic materials. The contact angle of $TiO_2$ film for water was $12.5^{\circ}$, and therefore it is clear that $TiO_2$ films have very high hydrophilic properties and the self-cleaning effects.
이세행 ( Se Haeng Lee ),정숙경 ( Suk Kyung Jeong ),이경석 ( Kyoung Soek Lee ),민경우 ( Kyong Woo Min ),김현승 ( Hyun Seung Kim ),김도술 ( Do Sool Kim ),강영주 ( Yeong Ju Kang ),배석진 ( Seok Jin Bae ) 한국환경분석학회 2013 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.16 No.2
The aim of this study is to understand the characteristics of indoor air pollutants and provide information about the present Indoor Air Quality(IAQ) in 104 public facilities from January 2011 to December 2012. The measured air pollutants are PM10, HCHO(formaldehyde), CO, CO2, and total airborne bacteria(TAB). And the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and construction characteristics were analyzed in relation to the measured concentrations. The results of this study showed that the mean concentration of PM10, CO2, HCHO, CO, and TAB were 55.3 /, 558.6 ppm, 31.0 /, 1.2 ppm, and 561.3 CFU/, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that CO2 and HCHO (r=0.497, p<0.01), CO2 and TAB (r=0.468, p<0.01), and PM10 and CO (r=0.342, p<0.01) were significant. The result of regression analysis was found that the influence factors associated with the concentration of PM10, HCHO, and TAB were the year of building construction, the temperature and the humidity.
소규모 세탁소의 휘발성유기화합물 발생 특성과 종사자의 건강에 미치는 영향
박옥현 ( Ok-hyun Park ),이경석 ( Kyoung-seok Lee ),민경우 ( Kyoung-woo Min ),조광운 ( Gwang-woon Cho ),윤관주 ( Kwan-ju Yoon ),정원삼 ( Won-sam Jeong ),조영관 ( Young-gwan Cho ),김은선 ( Eun-sun Kim ),양진석 ( Jin-seok Yang ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the generating characteristics of VOCs and the exposure effect to chemicals among laundry workers and to identify the current status of occupational safety and health through health check-ups. Methods: During the six-month period from April to September 2015, this study quantitatively measured seven VOCs in ten laundries and carried out health examinations on 35 workers. Results: Comparing the monitoring results for the ten laundries, they were classified into three groups by ventilation system, dry-cleaning and size of shop. The average concentration of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 23.9, 15.6, 5.5, 2.8, 0.9, 0.3 and 1.3 ㎍/m3, respectively. During dry-cleaning, VOC concentrations were 1.3-8.9 times higher than usual. On the other hand, at night the concentrations of toluene, chlorobenzene, xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene, styrene and TCE were 64.3, 41.5, 12.2, 6.3, 1.1, 1.2 and 6.6 ㎍/m3, respectively. The health checkup results for the 35 workers showed that 13 workers were diagnosed as normal, while 22 workers were diagnosed as requiring continuous monitoring or re-checkup of liver and hematogenous functions. Conclusions: Although the results of exposure evaluation to VOCs did not exceed reference value and items had a low correlation with health checkup items, it is necessary to improve indoor air quality due to VOC volatilization from clothes