기문(記文)으로 본 세조(世祖)연간 왕실원찰(王室願刹)의 전각평면과 가람배치

이경미,Lee, Kyung-Mee 한국건축역사학회 2009 건축역사연구 Vol.18 No.5

The study on Buddhism architecture in early Joseon dynasty was inactive. The period of King Sejo is important for studying the trend of Buddhism architecture in early Joseon, that was transmitted from the end of Goryeo dynasty, but it was difficult to know its exact situation due to lack of related records. The records were all written by Kim Su-ohn, which are Wongaksabi' 'Sangwonsajungchanggi' 'Bongseonsagi 'Geonginsajungchanggi'. The main hall was mainly second floor and there were necessarily annexed buildings at the right and left of the main hall. So the plane figure of $\Box\Box\Box$ was shown. It was a main stream for main hall. This layout may be referred to search for the origin of the layout in courtyard based structure(中庭形) in the late Joseon dynasty. Most of temples had 3 gates. Some part of horizontal corridor was used as 2 gates and the outer gate, far from main hall, was without corridor. The gate leading to front yard of main hall was called front gate, the next middle gate and the outer gate was Oisamun(外沙門) or Samun(沙門). Im most of the temples, people could enter into the front yard through pavilion which had the function of bell tower. The pavilions were located between front gate and first corridor. It is thought that this layout of the place for making bean curd outside the temple area will contribute to different studies on temples making bean cure in the future. The records about temples's foundation studied above are a little different between temples, but have more similarities. There common denominators represent the architecture tendency of Buddhist temples in the related period. It is thought that such a tendency was also shown on architecture of other temples during the reign of King Sejo as well as Buddhist temples.

고려중기 혜조국사(慧照國師)의 대북송(對北宋) 교류(交流)와 전륜장(轉輪藏) 도입

이경미,Lee, Kyung-Mee 한국건축역사학회 2007 건축역사연구 Vol.16 No.6

This paper aims at studying on the medium of cultural interchange regarding who did and how to introduced the new trend of architecture during the period of Koryo Dynasty. Before the era of Koryo Dynasty, Kyungjang(Sutra Pitaka, 經藏) was mainly centered in Kyeongnu with a substantial function of storage. In the early Koryo Dynasty, however, Daejangjeon(大藏殿), which was spatialized for worship, began to appear. Normally, fixed walls were installed and the Sutras were enshrined inside Daejangjeon, while Jeonryunjang (revolving wheel sutras), a type of rational bookshelf, was introduced, and a new trend became developed in Kyungjang construction. Jeonryunjang(revolving wheel sutras, 轉輪藏) is a dharma instrument with a rotational function so that one revolution gives an effect of reading the enshrined Sutra one time, and began to be created actively in the period of the Northern Song. It is considered that the introduction of Jeonryunjang(revolving wheel sutras) to Daejangjeon was resulted from Haejokuksa(慧照國師) Damjin(曇眞) who visited the Kangnam areas in the Northern Song at that time. The Kangjeol areas in the Northern Song, where Damjin concentratively itinerated three times, were the place in which Jeonryunjang was created in many temples. Since Damjin, historical materials and excavated data regarding constructing Jeonryunjang have been discovered in the Buddhist temples, which are related to his pupils and dharma lineage. The only existing Jeonryunjang of Yongmusa Temple in Korea is the one that Joeung Daesunsa, who succeeded to the dharma lineage of Haesokuksa, promoted, and supports strongly such introduction of Jeonryunjang by Haesokuksa.

영국사(寧國寺) 대장전(大藏殿)과 전륜장(轉輪藏)의 조성주체와 건축특성

이경미,Lee, Kyung-Mee 한국건축역사학회 2011 건축역사연구 Vol.20 No.5

The building for the Sutra appeared as the Sutra-belief became popular in the early years of the Koryo Dynasty. According to the written documents, there were two types of apparatus to keep sutras, one by fixing the cabinet to the wall and the other by rotating the cabinet at the center of the hall. There are no remains. Recently, at the excavation of the site of the Yeongguk Temple (寧國寺) in the Chungcheong Prevince (영동군), a building which was presumed as the Sutra Hall was recovered at the side of the Main Hall. At the center of the building, of 6meters width and 6meters depth, there was a large stone which had a round trace which was presumed to supporting the rotating sutra-case cabinet. By examining the concerned situations, this building was concluded as the Sutra Hall of the temple. The Yeongguk Temple had a close relationship with the royal household. Budddhist monk Gwangji, son of the 16th King Yejong was lived at the Temple. the tomb of King's advisory priest Wongak was also erected at the Temple. Two monks were well known as the defender of the Sutra. The Sutra Hall of the Yeongguk Temple regarded as a significant example which showed us how the archtectural aspect of the Sutra Hall was shaped in the Koryo Dynasty. It could be said that revealing the architectural aspect of the Stura Hall will help revealing the Buddhist architecture of the Koryo Dynsty which is veiled in many field.

대한제국기 황궁수위병 복식 고증과 디자인 연구 -1897년 육군장졸복장제식(陸軍將卒服裝制式)을 기준으로-

이경미(Lee Kyung-Mee),노무라미찌요(Nomura Michiyo),이지수(Lee Ji-Soo) 한복문화학회 2021 韓服文化 Vol.24 No.3

This study was conducted to present a flat sketch by examining the costumes of the imperial guards during the Korean Empire. The subject period of the historical examination was 1897, and the ranks of reproduction were from the army officers to the officers and corporals below them. The standard regulation is the uniform system for army generals announced on May 15, 1897. By analyzing related rules, remnants of military uniforms, and photographs taken at the time, a flat sketch for each item was drawn. Also, images of wearing illustrations were presented. First, the officer"s attire includes a format headwear, ceremonial jacket, trousers, and ceremonial epaulets, with a sword, a scabbard with a belt, gloves, and shoes. By analyzing the photo analysis, a flat sketch for each item was presented, and the soldier"s uniform was expressed as an image of wearing illustration. Second, the uniform of the corporals was composed of headwear, a jacket, trouser, an epaulet, which is a belt, bayonet sword, gloves, gaiters, and shoes. Also, a flat sketch for each item and an image of wearing the official uniform was presented. The results of this study will be used as primary data for the study of modern military uniforms by making it easier to visually understand the military uniforms of the Korean Empire, where the flat sketch could not be found. Furthermore, it can be used as various cultural content to help understand military uniforms and reproduce them or produce movies.

학습계약서의 자기주도적 학습능력 향상 효과: 원격수업 상황에서의 초등 저학년을 중심으로

이경미(Lee, Kyung-Mee),심창용(Sim, Chang-Yong) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2021 교육논총 Vol.41 No.1

본 연구는 원격수업 상황에서 학습계약서 활동이 자기주도학습 능력을 향상시키고, 기초학력 저하를 예방한다는 것을 보여주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 초등학교 저학년은 자기주도적 학습능력이 부족하기 때문에 원격수업 상황에서 자기주도적 학습을 유도하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 이러한 필요에 근거하여 초등학교 2학년 18명을 대상으로 15주간 학습계약서를 작성하고 성찰 일기, 사전·사후 설문지 및 개별 면담 등을 연구자료로 수집하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들의 원격학습에 대한 긍정적인 선호, 학습자신감, 학습책임감, 메타인지의 발달 모습을 통해 학습계약서 활동이 초등학교 저학년 학생들의 자기주도적 원격학습에 긍정적인 영향을 주었음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 EBS 교육방송 및 클래스팅 콘텐츠와 학습꾸러미를 활용한 원격학습 시 시간에 맞춰서 일어나기, 수업을 이해 못하는 등 어려움이 있었지만 학습계약서 활동 후 자신의 상황에 맞는 학습전략을 활용하여 스스로 이러한 어려움을 극복하는 모습을 확인할 수 있었으며, 점차 보호자의 조력을 받지 않고 스스로 학습에 주도적으로 참여하는 것이 확인되었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 자기주도적 학습 능력이 특히 원격수업 상황에서 매우 중요하며, 초등학교 저학년부터 자기주도적 학습 능력 계발과 고양을 위해 노력해야 함을 보여준다. 아울러 초등학교 저학년의 대면수업, 블렌디드 수업, 전면 원격수업 등에서 각각의 수업 형태별로 자기주도 학습을 지원할 방안이 마련되어야 한다. This study aims to show that learning contracts improve students’ self-directed learning ability and prevent failure of acquiring basic knowledge in distance learning situations. Since 1st and 2nd grade primary school students often do not have self-directed learning ability, there must be some efforts to induce self-directed learning, especially in distance learning situations. Thus, a 15-week learning contract actvity was conducted for 18 2nd grade primary school students. Learning contracts, learning journals, pre-/post-questionnaires, and individual interviews were used for data collection. The results show that learning contract activities had a positive impact on self-directed distance learning for lower-grade students through their positive attitude for distance learning, and their development of their learning confidence, learning responsibilities, and meta-cognitive abilities. Lower-grade students were gradually able to participate in learning by themselves without supports of their parents. It was also found that the students had some difficulties in understanding the lessons and meeting the class schedule. With the learning contract activities, however, students became to be able to determine how to overcome these difficulties by using learning strategies which suit to their ability and situations. These findings indicate that self-directed learning ability is important, especially in distance learning situations, and therefore, efforts should be made to develop and uplift self-directed learning ability even for the lower-grade primary students.

보문 : 갑신의제개혁(1884년) 이전 일본 파견 수신사와 조사시찰단의 복식 및 복식관

이경미 ( Kyung Mee Lee ) 韓國衣類學會 2009 한국의류학회지 Vol.33 No.1

장서각 소장 근대 복식자료 검토 - 『官服章圖案』과 『禮服』의 작성 시기 추정을 중심으로 -

이경미(Lee, Kyung-mee) 한국학중앙연구원 2019 장서각 Vol.0 No.42

이 글은 장서각 소장 근대 복식자료의 소개와 의미 파악을 위해 기획된 것이다. 이 글에서는 서양 복식자료인 『관복장도안』과 전통 복식자료인 『예복』을 분석하였다. 연구는 각 자료의 체계와 내용을 소개하고, 관련 자료와의 비교를 통해 작성 시기를 추정하는 것으로 이루어졌다. 먼저, 『관복장도안』의 검토 결과는 다음과 같다. 4372와 4374는 1900년에 대한제국이 발표한 문관대례복 제도로, 官報의 圖式과 유사하다. 4375는 대한제국 문관대례복에 이화문양을 그려 넣은 것으로 용도와 제작 이유를 확인하지 못했다. 4373에는 네 종의 도식이 포함되어 있다. 4373의 첫 번째 도식은 문관대례복으로, 대한제국 대례복 실루엣(silhouette)에 일본의 오동문양을 대입하여 그린 것이다. 두 번째는 式部官 대례복으로, 1906년 宮內府 본부 및 禮式院 대례복 제작의 참고 자료로 활용하기 위한 것으로 보인다. 세 번째는 有爵者 대례복으로, 대례복 개정을 위한 참고용으로 보인다. 네 번째는 육군 예복으로 대한제국과 일본 군복의 결합을 보여주는 도안으로 보인다. 이상을 바탕으로 『관복장도안』은 러일전쟁에서 승리한 일본이 統監府를 설치하고 관제를 개편하는 과정에서 복식제도 개정을 염두에 두고 제작한 도안으로 추정된다. 다음으로, 『예복』의 검토 결과는 다음과 같다. 예복A와 예복B의 내용을 비교해 본 결과 예복A의 오류를 수정, 첨삭한 다음 뒷부분에 도식을 첨가하여 예복B를 엮은 것으로 추정된다. 내용은 왕전하와 비전하 예복 중심의 설명과 민간 복식까지를 포함하고 있고, 부분적으로 일본어 설명이 들어가 있다. 『예복』은 합본된 가운데 부분에 李王職 직인과 함께 1920년 2월에 설립된 인쇄소인 大海堂納이 인쇄되어 있어 이 시기 이후에 작성된 자료로 추정된다. 이 글을 통해 장서각 소장의 근대 복식자료들에 대한제국과 식민지 조선이 처했던 근대 정치 외교의 상황이 반영되어 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This article aimed to introduce materials related to modern costume in Jangseogak archives and determine their meanings. It analyzed Kwanbokjangdoan, a material related to Western costume, and Yebok, a material related to traditional costume. The research was conducted by introducing the system and contents of each material and by comparing with relevant materials to decide on the time of making them. First, the review of Kwanbokjangdoan obtained the following results: 4372 and 4374 are consistent with the figures in official gazettes as the system of court dress for civil servants published by the Korean Empire in 1900. 4375 is court dress for civil servants of the Korean Empire with the pattern of plum blossoms and neither its use nor why it was made has been identified. 4373 contains four types of figures. Court dress for civil servants has the Japanese pattern of paulownia adapted to the silhouette of Korean Empire court dress. It seems that court dress for Sickbukwan was to be used as a reference to make court dress for Gungnaebu, the royal household department headquarters and Yesikwon. Court dress for knighthood seems to be a reference to revise court dress. The figure of the military uniform seems to be a pattern that shows a combination of the Korean Empire and Japanese military uniforms. On this basis, it is presumed that Kwanbokjangdoan was the design made by Japan, taking costume system revision into account, during the process of establishing the Residency-General and reforming government organization after defeating Russia. The review of Yebok obtained the following results: The comparison between Yebok A and Yebok B leads to presumption that Yebok B was made by revising and correcting errors in Yebok A and, then, by adding figures to its latter part. It focuses on formal dress of the Crown Prince and Princess, contains folk costume as well, and is partly described in Japanese. It is presumed that Yebok was made after February 1920 because Daehaedangnap, a printing house established at that time, was printed in it along with an official seal of Yiwangjik in the middle part of the bound set. This article has confirmed that materials related to modern costume in Jangseogak archives reflect the political and diplomatic situation of the Korean Empire and Colonial Joseon.

조선후기 類書類에 나타난 服飾觀

이경미(Lee, Kyung-Mee) 한국역사민속학회 2010 역사민속학 Vol.- No.33

본 연구는 조선후기 類書류의 복식관련 기록들과 그에 나타나는 服飾觀을 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 17세기의 『芝峯類說』, 18세기의 『星湖僿說』, 19세기의 『松南雜識』의 복식 항목들을 분석해 본 결과 시대가 내려올수록 복식항목이 다양해지고 분류도 더욱 체계적으로 이루어지고 있다. 이들 유서류에는 통시적, 공시적으로 매우 폭넓은 범위의 복식 항목이 포괄되어 있다. 둘째, 유서류 저작물의 복식관련 기록에는 中華意識, 禮意識, 실용관을 모두 포함하는 복식관이 반영되어 있었다. 먼저, 중화의식은 전통적인 세계관인 화이론에서 비롯된 것으로 유서류에서는 白衣, 성인 남성의 首飾, 聖王의 遺制인 면복, 조복 등 中華의 복식에 대한 자부심을 표현하고 있는 반면, 중화의 복식으로 인정할 수없는 부녀복, 童子의 변발, 가락지, 귀고리 등을 기록하면서 중화로 돌아갈 것을 역설하고 있었다. 또한 복식에 반영된 예론 및 현실 복식의 검약정신과 실용관 역시 복식 항목에 녹아들어 있었다. 이들을 통합해 볼 때 유서류는 성리학적 사고를 바탕으로 16, 17세기에 심화된 禮學, 18, 19세기의 實學을 종합적으로 담고 있는 저술로 평가될 수 있다. 따라서 복식항목의 기록에서도 당대까지의 보편적, 선구적 지식의 총체를 분류하고 회편하는 유서의 특징을 확인할 수 있었다. This study aimed to analyze the costume-related documents and the view on the costume in the documents sort of Encyclopedia, The results of this study are as follows. First, costume items had been diversified and classified more systemically as time had went down, according to the analysis of the articles of costume in "Jibongyuseol" in the 71C, "Seonghosaseol" in the 18C, "Songnamjabji" in the 19C. A very wide range of costume items are included diachronically and synchronically in these documents. Second, the costume-related documents in the docuements sort of Encyclopedia reflected the view on the costume including Sinocentrism, Idea of Courtesy, and Pragmatism altogether. According to the documents, Sinocentrim had begun from traditional world view of Civilization-barbarism and had expressed self-esteem in the costumes such as white clothing, the man"s hair-style, inherited formal dress of the sage King, and court dress ets. On the other hand, the costumes like woman"s dress, pigtail of child, finger rings and earrings could not be accepted to the costume of Sinocentrism and insisted on return to those of Sinocentrism. Also, Idea of Courtesy, Frugality and Pragmatism reflected on the costume of the late Joseon Dynasty had been melted into the costume items of the docuements. All in all, the documents sort of Encyclopedia could be assessed into synthetic writing including Idea of Courtesy deepened in 16~17C and Silhak in 18~19C. Therefore, it is certain that the documents sort of Encyclopedia had the characteristics classifying the whole knowledge universal and pioneering.

초등학생의 영어 자기주도학습능력 검사도구 개발 및 타당화 연구

이경미(Lee, Kyung Mee),김혜련(Kim, Hye Ryun) 한국초등영어교육학회 2019 초등영어교육 Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this study is to develop a self-directed learning ability scale for elementary English learners (SDLAS-E) and to validate it. To this end, first, a literature review on self-directed learning was conducted and based on this, six construct factors of self-directed learning ability were identified: metacognition, learning initiative, leaning strategies, behavior control, responsibility, and motivation. Second, through the Delphi survey, twelve experts in English education field examined the items and provided their comments on the items. Based upon the experts’ comments, 33 preliminary items were developed. Third, main survey was conducted in order to verify the reliability and validity of the scale. The participants were 548 5 th and 6 th grade elementary school students in metropolitan areas. Data were analyzed by means of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the analyses were as follows. Through the exploratory factor analysis using SPSS, four factors of 28 items were extracted, and the confirmatory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit test using Amos confirmed that the SDLAS-E consisting of four factors of 27 items was appropriate for measuring elementary English learners’ self-directed learning ability. The reliability of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha, was .939, which indicated adequate internal consistency. Finally, limitations of the study and directions for future research were provided.

대한제국기 서구식 문관대례복 상의 수장(袖章)의 자수 연구

이경미(Lee Kyung-Mee) 한복문화학회 2015 韓服文化 Vol.18 No.4

This study is a basic research for making replica of the embroidery on the coat of court dress in the Daehan Empire, especially aiming for manufacture of the chevron. The details of this study is as follows. Step 1. Design of the pattern of the chevron of the court dress. Step 2. Analysis of characteristic, material and method of the embroidery. Step 3. Reproduction of the chevron using the most similar material to that of the artifact. The result of the study is as follows. One set of the chevron of the artifact was manufactured with the embroidery reproduced, which resulted to a whole set of the court dress. The gold work method originated from Europe was used in the embroidery. The gold threads of Rough purl, Smooth purl, Check purl, Pearl purl, Rococo, and Spangle were used as material of the embroidery. The embroidery was proceeded as follows. First, the pattern of the chevron was drawn. Second, the original pattern of the chevron was embroidered and the pattern of the rose of sharon was embroidered. Lastly, the embroidered pattern of the rose of sharon was attached to the chevron. The result of the study can be utilized as follows. First, the manufacture of the replica is possible, which can be displayed on a regular basis on behalf of the artifact of the court dress. Second, it can be used as ceremony costume and stage costume in the cinema, drama and musical of the era of the Daehan Empire. Third, it can be used as the design source which can provide creative inspiration to fashion designers. Fourth, it can be used as a new kind of educational material in school and industry. In conclusion, the result of the study can lead to meaningful performance in terms of study, education, society and industry.