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In vivo 시험에 의한 잉어 ( cyprinus carpio L . ) 체내 endosulfan 의 대사
이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.3
To study the metabolism and absorption of endosulfan in carp, ^(14)C-α-endosulfan was treated with the LC_(10) concentration (4.5 ㎍/L). In an in vivo test, endosulfan was metabolized (65∼80%) in tissues and endosulfan ether, endosulfan alcohol, endosulfan a-hydroxyether, and endosulfan lactone were identified, indicating that those are the main metabolites of detoxification in carp. The maximum levels of ^(14)C-endosulfan in the head, muscle, and gut occurred after 8 hr exposure. However, the maxima reached in the liver and kidneys after 30 min and 4 hr, respectively. Radioactivity in the tissue decreased rapidly 8 hr after treatment. The total amount of ^(14)C-endosulfan recovered in the liver, kidneys and gut of fish was about 80∼90% during the 8 hr treatment. The non-extractable radioactivity increased after 8 hr exposure (27∼31%). Endosulfan sulfate, the main degradation product in plant and mouse, was not detected during the test interval from tissues of the carp.
In vitro 시험에 의한 잉어체내 14C - endosulfan 의 대사
이강봉(Kang Bong Lee),심재한(Jae Han Shim),서용택(Yong Tack Suh) 한국응용생명화학회 1994 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.37 No.3
When ^(14)C-α-endosulfan was incubated with carp liver, kidney and gut preparations, it was metabolized to water soluble and organosoluble metabolites. In an in vitro test, endosulfan was converted to endosulfan α-hydroxyether (EHE), endosulfan alcohol (EA) and endosulfan ether (EE). The addition of NADPH resulted in rapid conversion of endosulfan to the metabolites in 105,000 g soluble fraction and microsomes. However, the rate of metabolism of endosulfan in liver, kidney and gut supplemented with NADPH as a cofactor was higher in the 105,000 g soluble fraction than that in the microsomes of carp under incubation conditions. The enzymes probably involved in the metabolism of endosulfan include the glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the mixed function oxidases (MFO), based on the evidence that addition of either GSH or NADPH increased the degradation of endosulfan.
백서의 신경병증성 통증모델의 척수감각신경세포에 대한 NMDA 수용체 길항제 및 NOS 억제제의 영향
이강창(Kang Chang Lee),최유선(Yu Sun Choi),이환봉(Hwan Bong Lee),박승택(Seung Taeck Park) 대한통증학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.15 No.1
N/A Background: In order to evaluate the effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, and aminoguanidine (AGH) on rat spinal sensory neurons from the neuropathic pain animal model. Methods: Cell viability, amount of neurofilament by immunocytochemistry, and rate of protein synthesis were measured after spinal motor neurons of rats were incubated with various concentrations of APV or AGH for 48 hours. Results: Cell viability of spinal sensory neurons from the neuropathic pain model was remarkably decreased compared with the control. Regarding their protective effect, both APV and AGH significantly increased cell viability, amount of neurofilament and rate of protein synthesis, compared to experimental groups with untreated APV or AGH in spinal sensory neurons. Conclusions: The present study suggests that NMDA receptor, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and No are involved in neuropathic pain.
이강봉,서용택 ( Kang Bong Lee,Yong Tack Suh ) 한국환경농학회 1993 한국환경농학회지 Vol.12 No.3
Immunochemical assay, ELISA for small molecules such as pesticides are rapid, sensitive, cost effective and can easily analyze with large samples. ELISA is one of several powerful biotechnologies immediately applicable to pesticide analysis. This review lists the advantages and disadvantages of the ELISA and elucidate the steps in assay development using examples from this laboratory. The focus is primarily on hapten synthesis strategies, protein conjugation, Immunization, assay format, and assay validation.
$CCl_4$중에서 Thioacetamide와 N,N-Dimethylacetamide사이의 수소 결합에 관한 분광학적인 연구
이강봉,김병철,윤창주,최영상,Kang Bong Lee,Byung-Chul Kim,Chang-ju Yun,O. D. Bonner,Young-Sang Choi 대한화학회 1986 대한화학회지 Vol.30 No.6
Thioacetamide(TA)-CCl$_4$와 TA-N,N-dimethlylacetamide (DMA)-CCl$_4$ 용액에서 TA의 $v_3$ + Amide II 조합띠의 근적외선 스펙트럼을 5$^{\circ}$ ~55$^{\circ}$C 에서 얻었다. 삼성분계에서 이 조합띠는 단위체 TA, 1 : 1 TA-DMA complex and 1 : 2 TA-DMA 및 1 : 2 TA-DMA 성분으로 나타나지만, 묽은 용액에서는 단위체 TA와 1 : 1 복합체만이 나타나며 이를 컴퓨터를 사용해서 각 띠의 형태를 Lorentzian-Gaussian 곱의 함수로 보아 분리하였다. 농도 및 온도에 따른 스펙트럼을 분석하여 1 : 1복합체에 대한 평형상수와 열역학적 피라미터들을 구했으며, ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$는 -14.4 KJ mol$^{-1}$이었고 ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$는 -15.6 J mol$^{-1 }deg^{-1}$이었다. Spectra for the $v_3$+ Amide II combination band of thioacetamide(TA) were obtained in carbon tetrachloride solutions and in very dilute solutions of TA-N,N-dimethlylacetamide (DMA) in carbon tetrachloride in the range of 5~55$^{\circ}$C. The combination band in the three component system can be resolved into components due to monomeric TA, 1 : 1 TA-DMA complex and 1 : 2 TA-DMA complex. In the dilute solutions the experimental spectrum was resolved by using the computer into its two Lorentzian-Gaussian product components which have been identified with the monomeric TA and the 1 : 1 complex. The equilibrium constants and thermodynamic parameters of 1 : 1 complex were determined by analysis of concentration and temperature dependent spectra. The ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ for the 1 : 1 complex were -14.4 KJ mol$^{-1}$ and -15.6 J mol$^{-1}deg^{-1}$, respectively.