한국 남서해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집 출현 및 분포 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho YOON) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2003 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.-

The summary on the characteristics of marine environment and phytoplankton community in the Southwest Sea of Korea was fellows; 1) Seasonal fluctuation of marine environments was very various by several water mass such as, Tsushima warm current, Korean coastal waters, Coastal waters of Chinese continent and Bottom cold waters of Yellow Sea. 2) Water quality was very good conditions, but organic matter in surface sediments was very high concentration in seaweed ground and inner bays of the Southwest Sea of Korea. Especially Gwangyang Bay had very high concentration of phosphate. 3) Nutrients of the Southwest Sea of Korea was more high from supply of sea water outside based water mass by coastal waters than from river and streams located inner bay. 4) Phytoplankton community in the Southwest Sea of Korea had very various species compositions, and it was occupied with diatoms through a year. But it was also occupied with phytoflagellates such as dinoflagellates in the high temperature seasons. And it was occupied with nanoplankon in the high temperature seasons. 5) Diatoms showed the patterns of long term variation like a month or a season, but phytoflagellates showed of short term like a few days or a week. 6) Phytoplankton standing crops was appeared with a most high cell density in the winter. It was caused by shallow depth and high tital mixing.

영광군 도서해역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절 동태

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),박지혜(Ji Hye Park) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.5

서해 남부 영광군 도서해역에서 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절 동태를 고찰하기 위해 2020년 봄부터 2021년 겨울까지 소형 해양조사선(7.0톤)을 이용하여 21개 정점의 표층과 저층의 시료를 채수하였다. 결과, 출현한 식물플랑크톤 종은 52속 87종으로, 규조류가 67.8%, 와편모조류가 26.5%, 규질편모조류가 3.5%, 그리고 은편모조류 및 유글레나조류가 각 1.1%를 차지하였으며, 계절적인 출현 양상은 봄에 단순하였으나, 겨울은 상대적으로 다양하였다. 세포 밀도는 표층에서 여름이 28.8±30.1 cells/mL로 낮았고, 봄이 87.0±65.1 cells/mL로 높았다. 또한 식물플랑크톤 군집은 연중 규조류가 80% 이상의 점유율을 보였으며, 우점종은 Skeletonema costatum-ls가 봄과 겨울에 60% 이상 극우점을, 여름과 가을은 각 34.6%와 24.2%로 최우점하였다. 다양도 지수는 현존량과는 달리 가을에 2.794±0.445로 높았고, 봄에 1.822±0.178로 낮았다. 그러나 우점도 지수는 봄에 0.861±0.082로 높고, 가을에 0.44±0.132로 낮은 특징을 보였다. 그리고 일부 환경인자 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 관련 인자를 이용한 주성분분석 결과, 영광도서해역의 생물해양학적 환경은 개방된 외해수의 유입 및 규조류 출현 동태에 의해 지배되는 것으로 판단되었다. In order to investigate the seasonal dynamics of the phytoplankton community in the Yeongwang-Gun Islands Waters (YIWs) in the southern parts of West Sea, Korea, samples of the surface and bottom layers at 21 stations were collected from spring 2020 to winter 2021. As a results, of the phytoplankton species, 52 genera and 87 species appeared, with diatoms accounting for 67.8%, dinoflagellates 26.5%, silicoflagellates 3.5%, and crypto- monads and euglenoids 1.1% each. It was simple in spring and relatively varied in winter. The cell density of phytoplankton in surface was as low as 28.8±30.1 cells/mL in summer and 87.0±65.1 cells/mL in spring. The phytoplankton community showed a high share of diatoms by more than 80% throughout the year. As for the dominant species, Skeletonema costatum-ls had the dominance of more than 60% in spring and winter, and 34.6% and 24.2% in summer and autumn, respectively. Diversity was high at 2.794±0.445 in autumn and low at 1.822±0.178 in spring. However, the dominance was high at 0.861±0.082 in spring and low at 0.44±0.132 in autumn. As a result of principal component analysis (PCA) using environmental factors and phytoplankton factors, it was determined that the biological oceanographic environments in YIWs waters was dominated by the diffusion of open seawater and the appearance of diatoms.

해창만의 생물해양학적 환경특성 1. 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절변동 및 분포 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국수산과학회 2000 한국수산과학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The observations on the seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton community in Haechang Bay of the Korean southern sea were carried out during four seasons from 1997 to 1998. A total of 77 species of phytoplankton including 10 freshwater species, belonging to 51 genera was identified. Seasonal succession of dominant species was evident in Haechang Bay; Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema costatum, Eucampia zodiacus, Dictyocha fibula and Ceratium furca in summer, C. curvisetus in autunm. C. curvisetus, Rhizosolenia setigera and E. zodiacus in winter and S. costatum in spring. The phytoplankton community in Haechang Bay showed various species composition and was occupied with centric diatoms all the year round. Densities of the phytoplankton cell number by the samples of Haechang Bay ranged from 8.4×10³cells/ℓ to 2.0×10^5 cells/ℓ with the mean value of 9.2×10⁴cells/ℓ in summer, from 3.2×10³cells/ℓ to 4.6×10^6 cells/ℓ with mean of 6.2×10⁴cells/ℓ in autumn, from 8.4×10³cells/ℓ to 4.3×10⁴ cells/ℓ with mean 2.2×10⁴cells/ℓ in winter and from 1.0×10³cells/ℓ to 4.6×10⁴cells/ℓ with mean of 1.1×10⁴cells/ℓ in spring. Phytoplankton standing crops fluctuated with an annual mean of 4.7×10⁴cells/ℓ between the lowest value of 1.0×10³cells/ℓ in spring and the highest value of 4.6×10^5 cells/ℓ in autumn. That is, phytoplankton standing crops was high in summer and autumn, while it was very low in winter and spring.

고군산군도 해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 · 공간적 분포 및 출현 환경특성

윤양호(Yoon, Yang Ho) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

서해 새만금 방조제에 인접하는 고군산군도 해역에서 2011년 4회 계절별 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 분포특성 파악을 위한 현장조사를 실시하였다. 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 56속 104종으로 다양하였으나 기존 서해해역의 출현 종수에 비 해 낮았다. 분류군별은 규조류가 60.5%, 와편모조류가 34.6%로 규조류 점유률이 높았다. 현존량은 가을 9.6 x 104 cells/L에서 겨울 1.0 x 107 cells/L의 범위로 큰 변동 폭과 값으로 겨울과 여름에 높고, 봄과 가을에 낮았다. 우점종은 겨울 Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, Chaetoceros debilis, 봄 Guinardia delicatula, 여름 Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, 그리고 가을 S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, Leptocylindrus danicus로 가을과 겨울을 제외하면 계절적 변화가 분명하 였다. 또한 서해의 토착 및 일시성 부유종은 39종으로 1980년에 비해 1/3로 감소하였다. Chl-a 농도는 가을 3.82 ㎍/L에서 여름 13.36 ㎍/L로 변화하였고, 최대는 여름 44.24 ㎍/L로 1980년대 서해 최대 5.0 ㎍/L에 비하면 9배 가까운 증가를 나타내었 다. 다만 Chl-a 농도와 세포밀도의 계절변화 사이에 유의적 관련성은 발견되지 않았다. 주성분분석에 의한 고군산군도 해역의 생물해양학적 특성은 고수온기에는 새만금 수괴, 저수온기에는 금강 수괴에 지배되었고, 중심목과 우상목 규조류의 출현 환경 은 서로 다르게 나타났다. 즉 고군산군도 해역은 새만금 방조제 완공 이후 급격하게 부영양화가 진행되어, 현재 내만성 환경으 로 진행되어 있는 것으로 판단되었다. This study examined the spatio-temporal distributions of the phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of Gogunsan Islands (CoWGIs), West Sea of Korea, from January to September 2011. A total of 104 species of phytoplankton belonging to 56 genera were identified. This was low compared to the surrounding seas of the West Sea. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates comprised 60.5% and 34.6%, respectively, and it was most diverse in autumn. The standing crops fluctuated from 9.6 x 104cells/L to 1.0x107cells/L. This was high in winter and summer and low in spring and autumn. The seasonal dominant species were Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, and Chaetoceros debilis in winter, Guinardia delicatula in spring, Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, and Ch. curvisetus in summer, and S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, and Leptocylindrus danicus in autumn. The total number of autochthonous and tychopelagic species was 39 species. This showed a 1/3 (33.3%) decrease compared to the 1980's. The chlorophyll a concentration fluctuated from 3.82 ㎍/L in autumn to 13.36 ㎍/L in summer. The bio-oceanographic characteristics of the CoWGIs based on principle component analysis (PCA) showed that it was dominated by the Saemangeum water mass in the high temperature season and by the Geum River water mass in the low temperature season. In other words, there has been a conversion to a closed inner bay followed by the dramatic progress of eutrophication, even in the CoWGIs after completion of the Saemangeum embankment

저수온기 목포연안해역의 해양환경학적 특성 ; 1 . 수질환경과 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 영향을 미치는 환경요인 해석

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Field survey on the distributional characteristics of water quality and environmental factors on the variation of the phytoplankton biomass in Mokpo coastal waters, southwestern Korea were carried out at the 30 stations in November 1991 and in February 1992. I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as water quality such as dissolved oxygen(DO). chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS) and nutrients: ammonia. nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate. N/P ratio, silicate and Si/P ratio. In the Mokpo coastal waters, the high productivity in photic layer were supported by high nutrients concentration from the runoff of freshwater and the input of outside seawater in low temperature season. The high concentrations of suspended solid in straits had a bad influence upon marine primary production. Mokpo coastal waters had a sufficient nutrients for primary production during a year. Especially the dissolved inorganic nitrogen were high, the other side. silicate and phosphate was very low. The source of nitrogen supply depended on runoff of freshwater including urban waste water. On the other hand, silicate and phosphate were input of outside seawater. Phosphate and silicate seemed to become a limiting factor for primary production in low temperature season. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high in low temperature season, and it was controlled by the combination of several environmental factors, especially of phosphate, Si/P ratio and physical factor such as intensity of illumination.

여자만 북서부 꼬막양식어장의 해양환경 특성. 1. 먹이생물로서 Chlorophyll a 농도, 입자태 유기탄소 및 유기질소의 시 · 공간적 분포 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.7

여자만 북서해역에 위치하는 꼬막 양식어장의 해양환경 중 먹이생물 특성을 파악하기 위해 2017년 5월에서 11월까지 계절별로 7개 정점의 표층과 저층을 대상으로 조사를 실시하여, 먹이생물 항목인 Chlorophyll a (Chl-a ), 입자태 유기탄소(POC), 입자태 유기질소(PON) 및 POC/PON ratio, POC/Chl-a ratio 등을 분석 및 산출하였다. 결과 Chl-a 농도, POC 및 PON은 각각 1.69-7.68 ㎍‧L<SUP>-1</SUP>(표층 평균 3.48 ㎍‧L<SUP>-1</SUP>), 0.88-2.58 mM(평균 1.97 mM) 및 0.17-0.90 mM(평균 0.54 mM)을 나타내어, 봄과 여름에 높고 가을에 낮은 농도를 보였다. 우점 출현하여, 기존 결과와는 다른 결과를 나타내었다. 수층별로는 Chl-a 와 POC는 저층이 표층보다 높았고, PON은 표층이 저층보다 높았다. POC/PON ratio 및 POC/Chl-a ratio는 각각 1.56-7.88 (표층 평균 3.71) 및 216-967 (표층 평균 700)를 나타내어, 탄소원 대부분은 표층퇴적물에 침강 축적된 입자태 유기물로서 식물플랑크톤에 의한 기여부분이 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 여자막 북서해역의 꼬막양식장의 먹이자원은 양적으로는 풍부한 것처럼 보이지만, 질적으로는 매우 불량한 것으로 평가되었다. This study was designed to assess the quality and quantity of food resources such as the chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a ), the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON), on blood cocke (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus) farms from May to November 2017 in the northwestern area of Yeoja Bay, Korea. The values of Chl-a , POC and PON were 1.69-7.68 ㎍‧L<SUP>-1</SUP> (average: 3.48 ㎍‧L<SUP>-1</SUP> in the surface), 0.88-2.58 mM (average: 1.97 mM) and 0.17-0.90 mM (average: 0.54 mM), respectively, and these values were higher in the spring and summer and lower in the autumn. Furthermore, Chl-a and POC had higher values on the bottom layer than those vales on the surface, while PON had higher values on the surface than those values on the bottom. The POC/PON ratio and POC/Chl-a ratio were 1.56-7.88 (average: 3.71 on the surface of the water) and 216-967 (average: 700 on the bottom of the water), respectively, with most of the carbon sources being sediment-accumulated particle organic matter, and the contribution by phytoplankton was assessed as being low. These results show that the food source of the blood cockle farms in the northwest area of Yeoja Bay seems to be abundant in quantity, but this is considered to be very poor in quality.

제주 바다목장 해역 크기별 엽록소 a의 시·공간적 분포 특성과 미소플랑크톤의 중요성

윤양호(Yoon, Yang Ho) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.10

제주 바다목장 해역의 크기별 식물플랑크톤 조성비 및 물질순환 특성을 파악하기 위해 2008년 4월에서 11월까지 4회 현장조사를 하였다. 제주 바다목장 해역의 표층에서 초미세플랑크톤은 0.03 ~ 0.84 ㎍/L에서 평균 0.30 ㎍/L로 17.3%, 미소플랑크톤은 0.22 ~ 3.93 ㎍/L에서 평균 1.35 ㎍/L로 78.0%, 소형플랑크톤은 nd ~ 0.24 ㎍/L에서 평균 1.73 ㎍/L로 4.7% 를 차지하였다. 10m 수층도 측정값에서 다소 차이는 있지만 경향은 표층과 매우 유사하여, 계절에 따라 엽록소 a의 측정값 은 변화하지만, 미소플랑크톤 조성비는 연중 높게 나타났다. 또한 제주 바다목장 해역의 크기별 엽록소 a의 분포는 지리적으 로 인접한 우리나라 연안해역이나, 쿠로시오나 쓰시마난류의 영향을 받는 동중국해 및 일본연안보다도 계절풍 이후의 열대 해역 연안환경과 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 제주 바다목장 해역의 물질순환은 전통적인 먹이사슬보다는 저차영양단계는 미세먹이망으로 구성되어, 기초생산은 영양염류 공급보다 미소동물플랑크톤의 포식압 등의 top-down 동태에 의해 조절될 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단되었다. To understand size fractioned chlorophyll a and material cycle characteristics in Jeju marine ranching area (JMRA), 4 times of survey were conducted from April to November 2008. Picoplankton on the surface in JMRA was on average, 0.30 ㎍/L(annual mean(M):17.3%) in the 0.03 ~ 0.84 ㎍/L range, accounting for 17.3%. Nannoplankton and picoplankton was on average, 1.35 ㎍/L(M:78.0%) in the 0.22 ~ 3.93 ㎍/L range, and 1.73 ㎍ /L(M:4.7%) in the nd ~ 0.24 range, respectively. The 10m layer was similar to the surface. The measured values changed according to the measurement times but the nanoplankton composition ratio was higher throughout the year. In addition, the size fractioned chlorophyll a distribution in JMRA was similar to that of tropical sea area affected by the Monsoon rather than South Korean offshore coast geographically adjacent to the East China Sea and Japan coastal waters affected by the Kuroshio/Tsushima warm currents. That is, the material cycle of JMRA consists of a microbial food web rather than traditional food chain at a lower trophic levels. Primary production is deemed to have a higher possibility of being adjusted by top-down dynamics, such as micro-zooplankton grazing pressure rather than nutrients supply.

남북통일을 위한 문화예술운동의 새로운 방향모색

윤양호(Yoon, Yang-Ho) 국제고려학회 서울지회 2009 국제고려학회 서울지회 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

The transition of modern society has been processed more drastically than any other periods in the past. Keeping up with its fast speed, a lot of unexpected incidents or events are happening. Especially, the unification is of no exception. Along with the external environmental changes occurring around both Koreas, the inner situations also contain various variables. Many changes have been occurring in the area of cultural arts. Creative cultural industries have emerged as the core industries. As the cultural art has taken the credits for the motivation of creativity and flexibility, the exchange of cultural arts among different countries all over the world has been expedited along with the globalization and rapid development of technology related to the communication. Also, the digital system and information system have required the birth of new genre in art, and the convergence between diverse genres. Meanwhile, the demand for the cultural art has increased as the desire for the ‘relaxing life’ and leisure time have also increased tremendously. Such social trend for the arts may also contribute greatly to resolving the problems between North and South Korea. In case of Germany, they started to invest a lot in their exchange of cultural arts from 1960s. This effort led to some changes in East Germany and eventually to the reunification. It is certain that Germany and Korea are historically and culturally different, and hence the direct comparison between those two does not hold the strong feasibility. The characteristics of cultural arts, however, may indicate some common features shared by those two. Different political systems and economic policies of the North and the South have spread the difference in a variety of areas, from the daily lives to the behavioral manners, cultural norms, ways of thinking, and historical interpretations of the members. This kind of different cultural art has become a major obstacle to the unification process. In this perspective, one may argue that the broader understanding and exchange of the cultural art are required in modern society. In the long run, the exchange of cultural arts could become a fundamental project to prepare for the overall post-unification society by understanding the difference between North and South Korean societies and cultures. Since the North and South Korean unification process contains not only the external unification of the systems but also the inner or psychological unification as well, the exchange of cultural art will contribute significantly to the understanding of different systems and cultures, along with the expansion of the coexistence of national culture. In 1970s, Germany introduced a new art policy, which also supported the Kassel Documenta and Cologne Art Fair. While recuperating from the wound of the war, West Germany began to paint a big picture called unification, and decided to utilize the artistic characteristics to change the ways of understanding. Cassel, a small city in mid Germany, sponsored the art conference in every five years, where artist with novel ideas from all over the world gathered to discuss the arts, cultures, politics, and economics as well as to change the perspectives of Germans. Such art policy had tremendous impact on the change of German society. Also, the Art Fair that contributed to the commercialization of art works delivered the message of temptation to the artists in East Germany. This Art Fair had brought subtle changes to the perspectives of those artists in East Germany. With their efforts, East Germany could eventually experience some new movements, starting from small ripples to waves, and to the unification at the end. The artistic movement for the unification may seem to be less likely to have tremendous impact. Without such artistic effort, however, the unification cannot be fully completed as in Germany’s case.

여자만 북서부 꼬막양식어장의 해양환경 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),정달상(Dalsang Jeong) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2018 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.11

하계 동중국해 해양구조 및 식물플랑크톤 생물량의 공간적 분포특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon),최임호(Im Ho Choi),서호영(Ho Yong Soh),황두진(Doo Jin Hwang) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2002 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.11 No.-

We were carried out on the thermohaline structure and phytoplankton biomass, such as chlorophyll a in the East China Sea during early summer in 2001. As a results of water mass on T-S diagram, three characteristic water mass were identified. We are divide them into coastal water mass, cold water mass and oceanic water mass. The former are characterized by high temperature, low salinity and high Chl-a concentration originated China territory, the secondary are characterized by low temperature, high density and high Chl- a concentration originated bottom cold water of Yellow Sea, and the latter are high temperature, high salinity and low Chl-a concentration originated from Tsushima warm current, between them internal discontinuous layer was formed at the intermediate depth (about 20 ~30m and 45m layer). Phytoplankton biomass, such as chlorophyll a concentration in the East China Sea were controlled by the coastal waters of Chinese Continent.