미국연방대법원 돕스(Dobbs) 판결의 취지와 낙태죄 개정에서의 시사점

유지홍(Ji Hong Yoo) 이화여자대학교 생명의료법연구소 2023 Asia Pacific Journal of Health Law & Ethics Vol.16 No.3

헌법재판소 결정에 나타난 배아의 법적지위에 관한 고찰

유지홍(Yoo, Ji Hong) 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2020 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.10 No.2

배아의 법적지위는 체외수정, 배아줄기세포, 낙태문제 등과 관련하여, 가장 본질적이고 첨예한 쟁점이다. 본 논문에서는 헌법재판소의 결정을 통해서 현재의 상황과 입장을 진단하고, 향후 논의의 방향을 검토하려고 하였다. 헌법재판소는 배아의 법적지위와 관련하여 총 4차례의 결정을 하였다. 2008년 결정에서는 “태아는 헌법상 생명권의 주체이며, 국가는 이를 보호할 의무가 있다”라는 가장 본질적인 물음에 관한 분명한 입장을 밝혔다. 2010년 결정에서는 냉동보관 중인 ‘체외배아’에 대하여 생명권을 부정했다. 이 결정은 ‘불임클리닉’이나 ‘임상시험’과 같은 현실적인 측면을 고려한 결정이었다. 2012년에는 ‘태아의 생명권’을 최우선시 하는 대륙법계의 입장에 따라 낙태죄에 관한 합헌결정을 내렸다. 2019년에는 ‘여성의 자기결정권’을 과도하게 침해한다는 이유로 낙태죄에 관한 헌법불합치 결정을 내렸다. 이 결정은 이례적으로 미국 ‘Roe v. Wade 판결’의 취지를 그대로 수용한 결정이었다. 지금까지의 결정들을 보면, 사건을 심리하는 당시의 상황에 맞는 정책적 판단들이 중요하게 고려되었음을 알 수 있다. 하지만, 생명공학이 비약적으로 발전해 가는 현시점에서, 비록 지난한 과정이 될지라도 배아의 본질을 깊이 고찰하고, 이를 바탕으로 법체계를 정립해가려는 노력을 지속해가야 할 것이다. 특히 낙태죄 법률개정에 있어서는 배아의 생명권을 최우선으로 보장할 수 있는 제도를 확립해야 한다. 이와 함께 출산과 양육에 어려움을 겪고 있는 미혼모를 비롯한 많은 사람들이 충분한 지원을 받을 수 있는 지원체계를 마련하고 정비해가야 할 것이다. The legal statue of embryo is the most fundamental issue in the field of bioethics and bio-law. In this paper, the author reviewed four cases of the Constitutional Court in Korea in view of the dignity of a human embryo and reviewed the direction of future discussion to enhance the dignity of a human life. In the 2008 adjudication, the Constitutional Court ruled the most essential content as follows: The fetus is the subject of the right to life in the Constitution, and the state is obliged to protect it. In the 2010 adjudication, it denied the right to life of the frozen embryo after IVF. In 2012, it ruled constitutionality adjudication on the crimes of abortion. but In 2019, it ruled constitutionality discordance adjudication on that. Analyzing at the adjudications so far, the Constitutional Court made its adjudication by policy based on the situation at the time of the decision. However, in the future, while reflecting the development of biotechnology, it is necessary to consider the nature of the embryo and establish a legal system based on it. With regard to the crimes of abortion, we should ensure that the right to life of the fetus and the right to self-determination of women are balanced.

인공자궁 등 첨단의료기술에 근거한 체외배아의 법적지위 고찰

유지홍(Yoo Ji hong) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2016 과학기술과 법 Vol.7 No.2

The advanced biomedical technologies have provided the opportunities for human self-understanding as well as the treatment for incurable diseases. In the future, the legal theories and systems based on new paradigm must be established through considering human self-understanding and social ethics forged by the advanced technologies. In this study, the author would establish the principle for human life upon a foundation of the biotechnological accomplishments. The establishment of principle can make the scope for exceptional permission much clearer. The biomedical technologies such as IVF, SCNT-ES cell, extreme prematurity, artificial womb have made not only the scientific usefulness but also the controversy in social ethics. In order to be human life, ‘the genetic identity’ and ‘the growth potential’ are essential elements. These elements are fully completed when fertilization. So ‘the Civil Code Article 3’ must be revised as follow. “From the fertilization throughout survival, the human is the subject of rights and obligations.” The Medical assisted reproduction are performed 100,000 times a year. In the medical assisted reproduction, the ‘DNA offerer’ should be ‘the biological parents’. In a germ cell donation such AID, the court review system must be required just like ‘full adoption system’ in order to assure a child welfare.

첨단의료보조생식에 근거한 민법 제844조 친생자 추정에 관한 고찰

유지홍(Yoo Ji Hong) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2015 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

The advanced medical technologies for assisted reproduction have diversified the methods, the places, the forms for the birth of life. And they have replaced the course of sex, pregnancy, implantation, childbirth with new medical means. These high technologies have provided the opportunities for human self-understanding as well as the treatments for infertility. In the future, we must establish new systems and laws on the basis of the human essence discovered by the high technologies. Now in the Republic of Korea, medical assisted reproduction are performed 100,000 times a year. Therefore, it's really urgent to establish the related laws and public institutions for the medical assisted reproduction. Since the Civil Code was established, the contents of the Article 844 of the Civil Code has been maintained the same. Therefore, the related laws for the medical assisted reproduction must be established independently. Considering the advanced biomedical technologies, the legal status of ‘a fertilized egg in vitro’(or ‘a frozen embryo’) must be equal to that of ‘a born’. Therefore, we must establish a new forms of ‘the biological parental relation on the basis of the medical assisted reproduction’. In a germ cell donation such as AID, we must adopt ‘the system of child welfare review by the Court’.

의학연구를 위한 인체유래물 기증계약의 법적성격

유지홍(Yoo, Ji Hong) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2019 과학기술과 법 Vol.10 No.1

At present, the demand and utility of human materials has increased rapidly, and the field of application has also diversified. On the other hand, the risk of illegal transactions and leakage of personal information has increased. Therefore, from the stage of contracting, systematic legal system and supervision over ‘human material donation and research’ are needed. Based on this scientific situation, this paper reviewed the legal issues related to donation of human materials and examined the legal characteristics of the donation contract. Through this study, the author confirmed that donation of human materials for medical research is a contract in which the donor grants authority to study human materials to the researcher for for public interest . This contract was the closest to the mandate of the typical contract in the civil law, and was closely related to the medical contract in particular. The legal issues and theories reviewed in this paper are as follows. The legal status of the human materials is the quasi state of human body and the dead body is the quasi state of the body when he was alive . Both 「Bioethics and Safty Law」, 「Declaration of Helsinki」, 「French Law on Respect for Human Body」, and ｢US Common Rules｣ identify donating human materials as granting authority to study human materials rather than transferring ownership . The legal characteristics of ‘the donation contract of human materials’ can be identified as a quasi-mandate contract as an atypical contract close to a medical contract. In a mandate contract, the interests of the mandator should be sought but In a the donation contract of human materials, Public interest should be sought. Therefore in the future, it is necessary to establish a unique contract system considering the characteristics of the donation of human materials .

아디손병 ( Addison ` s Disease )

조양훈 ( Yang Hoon Cho ),이무형 ( Mu Hyoung Lee ),허충림 ( Choong Rim Haw ),유지홍 ( Ji Hong Yoo ) 대한피부과학회 1995 대한피부과학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Addison's disease is a rare disorder resulted from a chronic deficiency of the adreanl cortical hormone. The clinical manifestations are general weakness, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hypovolemia with hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. We report a case of Addison's disease in a 60-year-old woman who has experienced slowly progressive weakness, weight loss and generalized cutaneous pigmentation, especially sun exposed area, extensor surface and nail bed for the last, 2 years. On a hormonal assay of the adrenal glands, basal plasma cortisol level was decreased and basal plasma ACTH level was markedly elevated. A chest X-ray showed streaky tuberculous infiltration in left, upper lobe field and adrenal CT scan showed calcific densities of both adrenal glands with nodular enlargement of right adrenal gland. There was a clinical improvement with steroid replacement therapy and anti-tuber- culosis chemotherapy. A nearly normal appearance was obtained after 5 months' treatment. (Kor J Dermatol 1995;33(6) : 1148-1153)

원발성 폐평활근육종

정진우 ( Jin Woo Jung ),이규남 ( Kyu Nam Lee ),윤광수 ( Kwang Su Yoon ),유지홍 ( Ji Hong Yoo ),강홍모 ( Hong Mo Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1995 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.42 No.4

맥종간 혼파재배시 생육, 조사료 생산성 및 사료가치 비교

주정일(Jung Il Ju),이승수(Seung Su Lee),유지홍(Ji Hong Yoo),이정준(Joung Jun Lee),박기훈(Ki Hun Park),이희봉(Hee Bong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2008 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.28 No.3

조사료 생산에 유망한 동계작물 중 보리, 밀, 귀리(월동 가능), 트리티케일(라이밀) 등 4종의 총체맥류에 대하여 보리를 주품종으로 한 혼파재배시 조사료 생산 증대 효과를 요약한 결과는 다음과 같다. 보리 식물체의 건물중과 이삭 크기 등으로 볼 때 혼파재배시 보리의 생육이 저하되는 작물은 트리티케일이 가장 심하였고, 다음은 밀이었으며, 귀리는 생육차이가 없었다. 보리를 주품종으로 하고 밀, 트리티케일, 귀리 등과의 혼파재배시 이삭수 증가 또는 보조작물의 생체량 증가 등에 의하여 총 생체수량은 증수되었으나 보조작물의 건물율이 낮아 건물수량은 증수되지 않았다. 청보리와 밀, 트리티케일, 귀리 등과의 혼파재배시 NDF 함량과 조단백질 함량이 증가되었으나 ADF 함량과 DDM 함량은 낮아지는 경향이었다. 상대적 사료가치는 보리와 밀의 혼파재배에서 높아졌으나, 보리와 트리티케일, 보리와 귀리와의 혼파재배에서는 차이가 없었다. 중부지방에서 보리와 혼파재배시 조사료 생산 증대 가능성이 높은 작물로는 밀이나 트리티케일에 비하여 분얼력이 왕성하고 출수기의 차이에 의한 생육단계의 상이한 진행 등의 장점과 풍엽성이 상대적으로 양호한 귀리가 유망하였다. The overwintering crops, barley, wheat, oat and triticale etc, have been received in korea as high-quality roughage for round-baled silage making as livestock feed. Studies were carried out to evaluated the effects of seed blending on growth, yield and feed value between barley and wheat, triticale and oat, respectively. The results are summarized as follows : The barley was declined in the growth and spike’s size as affected by sown as mixed seeding with triticale, but not effected with oat. The total fresh yield were increased by grown as mixed seeding with wheat, triticale and oat, but the dry matter yield were not significantly increased because of the low percentage of dry matter and the decrease of barley's growth. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude protein content were increased by seed blending, but acid detergent fiber (ADF) and digestible dry matter (DDM) content were decreased. The feed value was improved by seed blending of barley and wheat, but not significant at seed blending of triticale and oat. Because of the flourishing tillers, difference of heading date and abundant leaves of oat, the optimum crop for mixed seeding with barley for increment of forage productivity was oat in middle area of korea.

자동차 샤시부품 적용을 위한 CMT TWIN 용접기술에 대한 연구

유지영(Jiyoung Yu),김정석(Jeong-Seok Kim),이창용(Chang-Yong Lee),권태우(Taewoo Kwon),정유동(Yoo-Dong Chung),유지홍(Ji Hong Yoo) 대한용접·접합학회 2018 대한용접학회 특별강연 및 학술발표대회 개요집 Vol.2018 No.4

한 대학병원에서의 천식환자의 대체-보완의료의 실태와 경향

황보영 ( Bo Young Hwang ),박미나 ( Mi Na Park ),최혜숙 ( Hye Sook Choi ),최천웅 ( Cheon Woong Choi ),유지홍 ( Yoo Ji Hong ),박명재 ( Myung Jae Park ),강홍모 ( Hong Mo Kang ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2006 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.61 No.4

연구배경: 우리나라에서 대체-보완의료가 기관지 천식의 환자에서 광범위하게 사용되어지리라고 추측되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라 성인천식환자에서의 대체-보완의료의 실태는 아직 보고된 바가 없다. 이 연구는 우리나라의 성인천식환자에 있어서 대체-보완 의료의 사용실태와 경향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 방법: 2000년1월부터 2003년12월까지 경희대병원에 1회 이상 입원한 병력이 있는 천식 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 설문조사 연구에 동의하는 환자 100명에게 직접면담 하거나 전화를 통해 설문조사를 시행했다. 환자들의 병력은 병록지를 참고로 조사하였다. 결과: 조사환자 100명 중 53명이 대체-보완 의료를 경험하였다. 환자가 치료받은 병원 수가 많을수록 대체-보완의료를 경험한 횟수가 많았으며, 연령 별로는 50대가 가장 많이 대체-보완의료를 경험하였다. 흔히 사용한 대체-보완의료의 종류는 음식 및 건강식품이 35명으로 가장 많았다. 그 다음으로 약초가 28명, 침 요법이 9명, 쑥뜸요법이 6명, 그리고 호흡운동이 1명이었다. 결론: 연구에 참여한 천식환자의 절반이상(53%)에서 대체-보완의료를 경험하였다. 향후 천식치료에 있어 한방 및 대체-보완의료에 대한 실태와 임상적 유용성에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Background: There has no known epidemiologic survey on the frequency of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) use in the treatment of adult asthma in Korea. This study examined the current use of CAM by asthma patients in Korea. Methods: One hundred adults with asthma, who had been admitted to Kyunghee university hospital between January 2000 and December 2003, were enrolled in this survey. They received a structured questionnaire interview and a clinical assessment of prevalence and pattern of CAM use. Results: 53% patients had an experience of at least one type of CAM during their asthma management. Users of CAM had more hospital visits than those who had never used CAM(1.46±0.68 vs. 2.11±1.20, p=0.001). Those in their 50(th) decades had more experience of CAM (80%) than the other age groups. The methods of CAM used by our patients are as follows: Diet/nutritional therapy in 35 patients(69%), herbal therapy in 28 patients(53%), acupuncture in 9 patients(17%), moxa treatment in 6 patients(11%), breathing exercises in 1 patient(2%). Conclusions: More than 50% of patients with bronchial asthma have used CAM. A more detailed and large scaled study will be needed to define the actual status of the use of CAM in the treatment for asthma. Inaddition, further research on the scientific validation of the clinical efficacy of CAM in asthma management should be followed. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2006; 61: 339-346)