當五錢攷

元裕漢(Won You-han) 역사학회 1967 역사학보 Vol.35·36 No.-

고려시대의 화폐사

원유한(Won Yu-han) 역사실학회 2006 역사와실학 Vol.30 No.-

Goryeo minted circulated iron coinage for the first time in 996(the 15th year of King Seongjong), and copper coinage about 90 years later in 1097(the 2nd year of I<:ing Sukjong). Though these attempts to circulate iron or copper coinage were ceased, it is noticeable that the government positively tried to mint and circulate money, and money under the government's control appeared. In addition, considering the fact that various kinds of money as well as coinage was circulated in Goryeo, we think that the attempt to circulate even paper money in a society where money circulation had not been established showed a positive attitude to the monetary policy. In general, the monetary policy in the first half of the times of attempting to circulate money in Goryeo(the late 10th century~the late 14th century) was driven aiming to circulate as legal money, fiat money such as iron coinage, copper coinage, and paper money(Bocho, Jeohwa), and silver currency by weight like silver bottle. Because the currency policy of Goryeo Kingdom had strong experimental tendency, the circulation of most of the kinds of money for the government to attempt to circulate was ceased. However, the coinage like silver bottle was circulated in early Joseon though counterfeiting such coinage prevailed, which triggered the quality of money. Although circulation of the silver currency by weight like silver bottle was prohibited in early Joseon due to diplomatic problems with Ming, it can be regarded as a partial transmission of the money system in Goryeo Kingdom.

VABS를 이용한 복합재 로터 블레이드 단면 최적설계

원유진(You-Jin Won),이수용(Soo-Yong Lee) 항공우주시스템공학회 2013 항공우주시스템공학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2013 No.10

開京學의 成立 및 實學과 連繫

원유한(Won Yu Han),박재희(Park Jae Hee) 역사실학회 2001 역사와실학 Vol.21 No.-

Gaeseong, currently located in North Korea, was the center of culture and civilization of the Goryeo Dynasty for 474 years. When the Joseon Dynasty replaced it, the role of Gaeseong was reduced and the city was cut off from the new kingdom in all aspects politics, diplomatic ties, the economy, society, and culture. The separation prompted the city residents and the descendants of eminent officials of the Goryeo Dynasty to concentrate on commercial business, a job despised by people at that time. Early in their history, the Gaeseong people were challenged to foster and develop a pragmatic way of forging social ties and establishing a strong academic tradition. This pragmatism entered the Hanyang (Seoul) cultural circles in the early 16th century. It was later officially established as Gaegyeong science by the great scholar Suh Gyeong-deok. Gaegyeong science blends the pragmatic stream and Suh Gyeong-deok's quest for ideal politics. Gaegyeong science has many academic characteristics. It is creative, critical, explorative, and progressive. It is also complicated, universal, change-seeking, practical, and, as expected, Gaegyeong-centered. The science was developed by the Gaegyeong school of thought expanding its influence on other schools. The Gaegyeong School was formed by the literary followers of scholar Sub Gyeong-deok and the descendants of the Gaeseong high-ranking officials of the Goryeo Dynasty. Sub, who was raised and brought up in that cultural area, influenced these officials. The school members consisted of relatives, school-trained people, and junior scholars. They embraced the teachings of Sub and accommodated all the nearby schools and forms of sciences. It transcended political parties and academic boundaries. Meanwhile, scholars of the Gaegyeong School strove to hand down their knowledge to the next generations through many channels. Gaegyeong science was spread through Sub's literary collection titled Hwadamjip in the course of the compilation and expansion of the book on Gaeseong township stories. Sub's literary followers compiled Hwadamjip. His descendants, juniors, and followers expanded it. The noblemen of Gaeseong city compiled and expanded most of the book Gaeseong Township Stories. They had direct or indirect contact with Sub Gyeong-deok, as revealed in Hwadamjip. Many of them composed poems in praise of Sub. The compilation and expansion of the Gaeseong Township Stories also mirrored the development of historical geography, a division of the practical science of the late Joseon Dynasty. The Township Stories changed its name to Junggyeongji (central city book) from Songdoji (a book limited to Songdo), signifying that Gaegyeong science developed from a local science into a nationally accepted one. These compilations elevated the stature of Gaeseong city and made kings and the central government's bureaucrats acknowledge the commercial development and importance of the Gaeseong area. The pragmatism-centered school of thought of Gaeseong gradually extended in society. This greatly influenced the early pragmatists such as Han Baek-gyeom, Lee Su-gwang, Kim-yuk, Yu Hyeong-won, and Yun Hyu. All of them could be classified under the Gaegyeong School, and they all did their part in handing down the Gaegyeong science to the next generations. In the later history of the Joseon Kingdom, Gaegyeong science was spread and developed as a pragmatic science in two main streams. One stream centered around the Dongin political faction involving Yu Hyeong-won, Nam l-gong, Kim Gae-kuk, Huh Mok, and Yu Hu Their teachings were handed down to such scholars as Oh Gwang-un, Lee Ik and Chae Je-gong, These scholars carried on their academic tradition through marriage, ties with school alumni, and family teaching. The other stream developed through two private schools - the Jaun Private School and the Seoksil Private School, which taught Gaegyeong science. These two schools were open to each other, exchan

두피마사지와 스웨디쉬 마사지가 중년여성의 안면 피부상태에 미치는 효과

원유진 ( You-jin Won ),배현숙 ( Hyun-sook Bae ) 한국미용학회 2018 한국미용학회지 Vol.24 No.5

To analyze the effects of scalp massage on the facial skin conditions of middle-aged women, this study was conducted in 20 women in their forties and fifties, who were divided into two groups: the scalp group provided with scalp massage (N=9) and the face group provided with Swedish facial massage (N=11). The sebum content on the U and T zones, the pores size, facial wrinkles, and facial pigmentation were measured for a total of four weeks to make comparisons: before the experiment and at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the experiment. Additional comparisons of variation in the sebum content on the U and T zones, in the pores size, in facial wrinkles, and in facial pigmentation were made between before the experiment and week 1, between week 1 and week 2, between week 3 and week 4, and between before and after the experiment (between week 0 and week 4). The scalp group showed a higher level of facial wrinkles than the face group at week 1 (p<.05). The scalp group showed a greater increase in sebum variation on the U zone between week 3 and week 4 and between before and after the experiment (between week 0 and week 4) (p<.05). The sebum variation on the T zone increased in the scalp group and decreased in the face group (p<.05). As the scalp group was more satisfied with massage (p<.05), it is thought that the massage helped the middle-aged women become emotionally stable by reducing muscle stress.

파트 타이머의 심리적 특성이 직무 만족, 서비스 제공 수준, 취업 의도에 미치는 영향

원유석(Won, Yu-Suck),신정훈(Shin, Jeong-Hoon) 한국서비스경영학회 2004 서비스경영학회지 Vol.5 No.1

프랑스어 현재시제의 다의성 연구

원유상(WON Yoo-Sang) 한국프랑스문화학회 2012 프랑스문화연구 Vol.25 No.-

Notre étude a pour objet d’expliciter la polysémie du Présent : en dépit de la croyance implicitement acceptée du public, le Présent a plusieurs valeurs sémantiques. Ce qui nous intéresse le plus, parmi ces valeurs-État contigent ou permanent, État conséquent dans le présent, Procesus inaccompli actuel, et Habitude actuelle, ce sont l’État et le Procesus. C’est parce que ces deux valeurs sont censées principales lors de l’étude aspecto-temporelle des Opérateurs Temporels, en d’autres termes, des Temps grammaticaux. L’intervalle de ces deux valeurs représentées par le Présent possède en commun une structure temporelle à borne droite ouverte, et un déroulement en cours au moment de parole. Nous avons essayé de faire valoir la différence notionelle de ‘permanent’ et ‘contingent’ au niveau de la valeur sémantique des Temps, comme Présent et Imparfait. Si le contenu sémantique était vrai ou non à un moment passé, cette vérité se sert de la critère de différencier le permanent et le contingent. La morphologie syntaxique ‘être en train de + inf.’ peut être utilisée seulement avec le Procesus. Ce qui permet d’employer la syntaxe ‘être en train de + inf.’, c’est quand l’énonciateur a la connaissance phénomenale de l’objet-animé ou inanimé-qu’il envisage de décrire. Au contraire, si l’énonciateur veut parler quelque priorité de l’objet, il doit utiliser le Présent simple, en se fondant sur sa connaissance structurale. Par conséquent, on peut dire que le cognitif humain joue un rôle décisif dans le choix du Temps.

조선시대 화폐사 시기 구분론

원유한(Won Yu-Han) 역사실학회 2007 역사와실학 Vol.32 No.-

In the Korean history of currency development process, Go-ryo Dynasty minted and passed iron coins in 996, and that was the first trial in Korean monetary system and the dynasty standardized and established coins' quality and appearance as their policy. Chosun Dynasty succeeded the monetary policy, and from the early stage of the Chosun dynasty it supplied and passed coins and notes, while suppressed the pass of things such as rice or texture as currency. Aggressively it drove monetary policy in order to supply and pass coins and that resulted from social demands which was due to Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and as a way of national reconstructing policies which was aimed to save nation which was face to go bankrupt. In consequence, coins was passed from Kaeseong from 1640 as only authorized national coins, therefore feudalism was prompted to take into pieces. Therefore after Japanese Invasion in 1592, development of monetary economy was a major subject which should not be underestimated when we try to examine closely historical development process which is headed for modem society from the collapse feudalism of the dynasty. In Chosun Period(from the late fourteenth century to the early twentieth century) money development stage can be divided into five considering values of money, the policy and aspect of currency economy. 'Money pass trial period(from the late fourteenth century to the late sixteenth century)' , 'currency pass supply period(from the early seventeenth century to the early 1740' s)' , 'currency economy expansion development period(from the early 1740' s to the 1860' s), and 'modern monetary system acceptance period(from the 1860' s to the early twentieth century).'

朝鮮後期 對淸關係 및 認識의 變化

원유한(Won Yu Han) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2000 아시아문화연구 Vol.4 No.-

The intelligentsia carne to perceive the trade with Qing negatively for the following reasons: First. as the inflow of the silver from Japan decreased. the domestic stock of silver which was used as the form of payment also decreased sharply. As such, interpreters who primarily depended on the bilateral trade lost their means of livelihood. Other socioeconomic side-effects took place as a result of the sharp decrease in the stock of silver. The primary reason for the decrease can be attributed to the direct trade between Japanese and Qing merchants at Nagasaki. The Japanese merchants no longer were importing Qing goods through a Japanese quarter. Second, as the economy developed and grew in size. the limits to the currency system which used only Sangpyungtongbo(常平通寶) as the legal tender began to show. As a result. the socioeconomic demand for a production of currency made of silver increased. Third. a new awareness that one should not be left with financial loss when trading with another country was brought on. This appearance of new awareness can be understood in terms of a national awareness or economic nationalism based em historical and cultural awareness of the time. Lastly. the intelligentsia valued economic function and role more than anything else when evaluating economic benefits and losses of a bilateral trade. In conclusion. the intelligentsia of the time evaluated the core of the problem through analytical approach.

호텔종사원의 동기부여가 고객지향성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

원유석(Won, Yu-Suk) 한국관광레저학회 2012 관광레저연구 Vol.24 No.8