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원란(Ran Won) 대한스트레스학회 2013 스트레스硏究 Vol.21 No.3
주요우울장애는 여성에서 남성에 비해 두 배나 높은 발병률을 나타낸다. 주요우울장애의 성에 따른 차이점을 밝히기 위해 생물학적 요인들에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 이 논문에서는 주요우울장애의 발병률에 영향을 미치는 성의 차이점을 생리학적, 해부학적 견지에서 살펴보았다. 아직까지 더 연구되고 검증되어야 할 많은 문제들이 있지만 이러한 시도는 주요우울장애의 효과적인 치료제를 개발하기 위해서 성의 차이점을 고려하여야 한다는 개념을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is twice as common in women as in men. A lot of biological evidences are identified to clarify the gender specific background of MDD. This review examines some potentials factors contributing to the sex difference for incidence rate of MDD in terms of physiological and anatomical response. Although further researches have to be carried out and many problems to be resolved, these approaches suggest that gender specific differences have to be considered in drug development for MDD.
원란(Ran Won) 대한스트레스학회 2012 스트레스硏究 Vol.20 No.4
주요우울장애는 매우 복잡한 유전양식을 가지며 유전과 환경의 영향을 동시에 받는 질환이다. 많은 연구들을 통해 말초에 존재하는 성장인자, 염증관련 인자, 내분비관련인자 및 대사관련 인자들의 발현수준이 주요우울장애에서 변화하며 항우울제를 처치하였을 때 회복된다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 또한 주요우울장애와 관련된 유전자의 부위나 대립유전자들이 밝혀졌다. 아직까지 더 연구되고 검증되어야 할 많은 문제들이 있지만 생물표지자에 대한 많은 정보는 주요우울장애에 대한 진단, 치료 및 병인의 연구에 새로운 방향을 제시해줄 수 있을 것이다. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a genetically complicated disease and modulated by environment. A lot of mounting evidence suggests that circulating levels of peripheral biomarkers including growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, endocrine factors, and metabolic factors are changed and reversed by antidepressants in a state of MDD. Many studies identified specific region of genes and contributable alleles for MDD expression. Although there are many problems to be resolved, these approaches based on gene interaction and biological analysis suggest new and perspective investigation of diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of MDD.
전침자극(電針刺戟)에 의한 흰쥐 중추신경계(中樞神經系)내 대사활성(代謝活性) 변화(變化)의 영상화(映像化) 연구(硏究)
손영주,원란,정혁상,김용석,박영배,손낙원,Sohn, Young-Joo,Won, Ran,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Kim, Yong-Suk,Park, Young-Bae,Sohn, Nak-Won 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.3
Objective : Functional brain mapping study on acupuncture stimulation using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose([14C]2-DG) autoradiography provides quantitative data and visualized pathway in central nervous system(CNS). We aimed to investigate the neural pathway and spatial distribution of metabolic activity elicited in CNS on electroacupuncture stimulation using [14C]2-DG autoradiography. Methods : The study were divided into three groups by stimulation times. 45-mins stimulation group according to Sokoloffs method, 5-mins stimulation group according to Duncun's method, and 15-mins stimulation group. ;A venous catheter was equipped into right jugular vein. The rats (Sprague-Dawley rats, 230-260g) were kept fastened loosely on a holding platform without anesthesia. Electroacupuncture stimulation (5 ms, 2 Hz, 1~3 mA) were applied on the left Zusanli (ST36) acupoint and [14C]2-DG ($25{\mu}Ci/rat$) injection was performed through the catheter. After sacrifice, the brain and the spinal cord were made to sections for film image. The film images were digitalized as the isotope concentration based upon comparison of optical densities with that of the standards and normalized by the optical density of corpus callosum. Results : 1. 15-mins stimulation group was most effective among 3 experiments. 2. On 15-mins stimulation group, medial geniculate nucleus, intetpeduncular nucleus intermedius, ventral periolivary nucleus, caudal periolivary nucleus, medial superior olive, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, including hypothalamic arcuate nucleus were increased by more than 25% (at least, p<0.05) by electroacupuncture stimulation. 3. Especially, the metabolism in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus was increased by 90% (p<0.05). 4. The fact that arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus might play a role of interconnection area between ascending and descending pathway of acupuncture stimulation was demonstrated visually. Conclusions : Advanced study on electroacupuncture stimulation elicited significant increase of metabolic activity in various nuclei of hypothalamus will provide the important experimental basis in research of the relationship between electroacupuncture stimulation and internal visceral functions.
노령 흰쥐의 뇌허혈 손상시 양격산화탕(凉膈散火湯)이 뇌해마의 c-Fos 및 c-Jun 발현에 미치는 영향
김성준,신정원,손영주,정혁상,원란,손낙원,Kim Seung-Jun,Shin Jung-Won,Sohn Young-Joo,Jung Hyuk-Sang,Won Ran,Sohn Nak-Won 대한한방내과학회 2003 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
This study investigated the effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang on cerebral ischemia of the rats. Considering age-related impact on cerebral ischemia, aged rats (18 months old) were used for this study. Ischemic damage was induced by the transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries(BCAO) under the hypotension. Yanggyuksanhwa-tang was administered twice orally. Then changes of immunohistochemical expression of c-fos and c-jun in ischemic damaged hippocampus were observed. The BCAO in aged rats led significant increase of c-fos expression in CA1 and DG of hippocampus. While the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of c-fos expression in CA1 hippocampus following BCAO ischemia. Depending on changes of the normalized optical density(NOD) of immunohistochemical c-fos expression, the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of NOD in CA1 and DG of hippocampus. And there was not changes in CA2 and CA3 hippocampus with respect to the control BCAO group. The BCAO in aged rats led significant increase of c-jun expression in CA1 hippocampus. While the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of c-jun expression in CA1 hippocampus following BCAO ischemia. Depending on changes of the NOD of immunohistochemical c-jun expression, the treatment of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang significantly attenuated the increase of NOD in CA1 hippocampus. And there was not changes in CA2, CA3 and DG of hippocampus with respect to the control BCAO group.
노령 흰쥐의 뇌허혈 손상시 뇌대사활성의 변화 및 량격산화탕의 영향에 대한 [$^{14}C$2-Deoxyglucose Autoradiography 연구
손철훈,신정원,손영주,정혁상,원란,손낙원,Sohn, Cheol-Hoon,Shin, Jung-Won,Sohn, Young-Joo,Jung, Hyuk-Sang,Won, Ran,Sohn, Nak-Won 대한한의학회 2003 대한한의학회지 Vol.24 No.3
Objective : This study investigated the alteration of neural activity and effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) on cerebral ischemia of rats. Methods : Considering age-related impact on cerebral ischemia, aged rats (18 months old) were used for this study. Ischemic damage was induced by the transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCAO) with hypotension. Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) was administered twice a day orally. Then alterations of neural activities in the brain of aged BCAO rats were measured by the [$^{14}C$]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography method. Results : The BCAO in aged rats led to significant decrease of neural activity in the whole brain. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the whole brain following BCAO ischemia. Treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, activated barrel, barrel cortex, somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, caudate putamen, and medial septal nucleus following BCAO in aged rats. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) also significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the anteroventral thalamic nucleus, ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, posterior hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe nucleus, and medial pontine nucleus. Conclusion : It can be suggested that Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) has a neuroprotecuve effect on cerebral ischemia through the control of glucose metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow.
곽용호 ( Yong Ho Kwak ),원란 ( Ran Won ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),이배환 ( Bae Hwan Lee ) 한국감성과학회 2010 감성과학 Vol.13 No.3
통증은 매우 복합적이고 다양한 수준의 경험으로 주관적이거나 객관적일 수 있다. 침술은 통증을 치료하기 위한 아주 오래된 방법이며, 경락 이론을 바탕으로 한다. 침의 효과에 대한 임상적 결과들은 수없이 많이 있지만, 그 기능에 대한 과학적인 이해는 부족한 상태이다. 또한, 실생활에서의 통증 유발 원인과 침술을 통한 통증 억제 또는 치료는 그 차이가 매우 크게 느껴진다. 그러나 최근 연구들을 통해 통증과 침술의 관련성이 밝혀지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 급격히 발달하고 있는 뇌영상 기술들(functional magnetic resonance images, 및 positron emission tomography, electroencephalograph, magnetoencephalography)을 간략히 살펴보고, 이들을 이용한 통증 및 침술 연구들을 살펴보고자 한다. 통증과 침술에 관여하는 뇌 영역들을 확인하여, 이 둘의 유사성 및 차이를 비교하고, 뇌영상 기술을 통해 밝혀지는 뇌의 정보처리 과정을 통해 통증과 침술에 대한 이해를 넓히고자 한다. Pain is very complex and multi-level experience that should be objective or subjective. Acupuncture is a traditional method to heal the pain and have been based on meridian theory. There have been many clinical evidences showing the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture but science-based understanding of it was poor. Furthermore in daily life, we feel huge gap between the source of pain and pain control by acupuncture stimulation. However, the underlying connection between pain control and acupuncture stimulation has been reported in many recent reports. In this paper, we briefly introduce the brain imaging techniques (functional magnetic resonance images, positron emission tomography, electroencephalograph, and magnetoencephalography) and review researches in pain and acupuncture. Through this, the brain areas that activated by pain and acupuncture will be verified, and compared each other regarding their specificity and similarity. In addition, detailed understanding of brain function which is related to pain and acupuncture analgesia through brain imaging techniques will be discussed.