동물복지형 축산의 동향과 정책 과제

우병준(Byung-Joon Woo),허덕(Duk Huh),김현중(Hyun Joong Kim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

This research investigated the domestic and foreign trend of farmed animal welfare and the policy direction of introducing farmed animal welfare to the Korea. Introduction of farmed animal welfare to the Korean livestock industry is a future direction in many ways. Introducing a concept of farmed animal welfare supplies the protein of good quality to the citizen, protects the sustainability of livestock industry, and guarantees the multi-functionality characteristics of agriculture. With consumer survey result and previous research of changing production cost, this study identifies, there can be an economic incentive of introducing animal welfare in the production phase. So far, however, we have no standard or guideline for farmed animal welfare, the result is driven mostly from the data of “anti-biotic free” and “organic” licensed farm. Furthermore, changes of transportation and slaughtering costs are not derived from data restriction. Thus we still don’t has a clear shot of economic efficiency. When considering the inherent characteristics of public benefit and market failure in farmed animal welfare, government needs to provide proper policy support to cure such problems. In this case, with the consumer survey result, expected price premium of animal welfare products can cover an increased production cost of farm. To introduce farmed animal welfare, this study proposes several policy options. Firstly, it is necessary to provide enough information to both producer and consumer. Especially the research which relates with farmed animal welfare is not adequate to provide scientific knowledge and proper government policy. Secondly, it is important to show a future direction of policy provision. The government now enacts a law to introduce farmed animal welfare certification scheme in a market. However, producer and consumer don’t has enough information about the certification scheme. Without any proper information, market system can’t work efficiently. Thirdly, to maximize social welfare, the government’s intervention is very important. The government can choose several policy options such as direct payment, monitoring system, and setting standard with certification. The principle of economics indicates that incentive system is the best solution to cure existing market failure problem. Finally, this study suggests a new body, tentatively named “Korea Animal Welfare Council”, to discuss and manage domestic animal welfare issues.

구제역 청정국 지위 유지 여부의 영향 분석

우병준(Woo, Byung-Joon),이명기(Moungki Lee) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The Foot and mouth disease was spreading to the whole country of Korea. The economic harm of the FMD has shown as farms’ loss and government expenditure. In addition, livestock industry and its linked sectors also have suffered economic losses from the disease. It was criticized that government’s policy target for FMD free country status without vaccination policy was inappropriate and maintaining FMD free country status has no economic gain to the Korea. With that point of view, it is necessary to review other countries’ FMD policies, OIE’s FMD related regulations and definitions of FMD free status. After reviewing all materials, this study estimates economic impacts from the outbreak of FMD and its policy implications. This study provides scientifically sound knowledge of FMD to make people easily understand related matters. Also providing FMD policies of other countries such as England, Netherlands, Japan, Uruguay, Chinese Taipei. These policies are compared to the Korean policy to properly modify FMD policy decision making. Especially other countries policy of success and failure will be precisely dealt with in this study. This study shows that it is necessary to maintain the FMD free country status with several reasons. Mostly, the disease free status can be achieved from adequate prevention system. Without disease prevention system, the productivity will be decreased and it could be worsen off. The input-output analysis was performed in this study. The analysis was co-worked with the Korea Development Institute. The analysis result shows that economic impact of FMD outbreak in Korea. The measure is based on a reduction of number of livestock unit and production value reduction. In the scenario analysis, if livestock productivity dropped in 10%, production value decreased to almost 2.4 trillion won. This figure shows that animal disease prevention system playes an important role in agriculture and a nation"s economy. In another scenario analysis, this study assumed that regains the FMD free status in 2013 but the disease outbreak again shortly after getting the disease free status. Facing the disease outbreak, this study analyzes two policy options such as "vaccine-to-live" and "stamping out". The result shows that "stamping out" policy requires less government expenditure than "vaccine-to-live" if the volume of slaughter animal is below 15 thousands. This scenario analysis indicates that government"s decision making of FMD prevention should deploy ex-ante economic consideration before executed. After the declaration of FMD outbreak, the government have to consider and change several policy issues. Most of all, crisis management system have to be enhanced to effectively manage all kind of disease situations. Also vaccinated animal management system and farmer compensation system is needed to change. Proper stamping-out procedure respect to animal welfare and effective disease prevention system also necessary to be modified.

벼 대체 사료작물 이용시스템 구축 방안

우병준(Woo, Byung-Joon),정민국(Jung, Min-Kook),이명기(Lee, Myung-Gi),김현중(Kim, Hyun Joong) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

지속적인 쌀 공급과잉과 이에 따른 쌀 가격의 하락은 농가의 소득감소 요인으로 작용하기에 일정 벼 재배면적을 타작물재배로 전환해야 한다. 그렇지만 식량상황의 급변을 고려해야 하기에 식량작물의 재배가 항시 가능하도록 논의 형상은 지속적으로 유지해야 하며, 이 경우 논에 벼 대체로 사료작물을 재배할 경우의 경제성 검토가 필요하다. 이 연구는 경종농가의 벼 대체 사료작물 재배 경제성 유무를 검토하고, 생산 이후 유통까지 벼 대체 사료작물의 효과적인 이용시스템 구축 방안을 제시하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 정부의 조사료 생산에 대한 각종 지원을 모두 고려할 경우 사료용 옥수수의 평균 소득은 10a당 88만 2천 원, 사료용 벼는 10a당 77만 9천 원에 달한다. 이는 최근 4년간 쌀 소득 10a당 59만 1천 원~70만 2천 원(평균 66만 2천 원)보다 옥수수의 경우 평균 22만 원, 사료용 총체벼는 11만 7천원이 더 높은 수준이다. 따라서 현재와 같은 정부의 보조가 지속될 경우 사료작물 재배의 경제성이 벼 재배보다 더 높다. 그러나 각종 정부 지원과 보조금을 제외할 경우에는 벼 재배농가의 소득이 사료작물 생산에 비해 더 높게 나타난다. 이 경우 우량 종자의 개발과 품종 개량을 통해 현재의 조사료 생산 단수를 더 높일 수 있는 다수확품종의 보급과 직접지불제의 도입을 통한 경종농가에의 유인책 도입이 필요하다. 또한 사료작물의 연중생산이 가능한 작부체계를 도입할 경우 높은 소득이 발생할 수 있음을 농가에 적극적으로 홍보하고, 더 높은 소득과 생산성을 위한 연구가 병행되어야 한다. 국내산 조사료 생산 및 이용확대를 위한 농가와 TMR 업체 대상 설문조사 결과, 경종농가는 사료작물 재배 후 확실한 판매처 확보와 적정 수준의 소득 보장이 필요하고 축산농가와 TMR 업체는 물량의 안정적인 확보와 조사료 품질 개선이 중요하다는 응답이 가장 많았다. 국내 조사료 이용체계에 있어 가장 큰 문제점은 조사료에 대한 시장기능이 존재하지 않거나 매우 미약하기 때문에 효율적인 유통구조가 구축되어 있지 못한 것이다. 현재 조사료 품질 수준에 상관없이 전국적으로 동일한 가격이 적용되기 때문에 최종 수요자의 합리적인 선택권이 박탈되고 생산자의 품질 관리 및 품질 제고에 대한 유인이 발생하지 않는다. 이러한 시장기구 부재 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존의 구매조합이 아닌 새로운 개념의 권역별 거점 조사료 유통센터를 조직하고, 이들 거점 조사료 유통센터가 해당 거점 권역 내에서 조사료 시장기구의 기능을 담당하도록 유도하는 방안을 검토해야 한다. 이러한 권역별 거점 조사료 유통센터의 기본 기능으로는 물류기능, 다양한 정보제공을 통한 불확실성 제거와 신뢰 제고, 원활한 수급 균형과 가격설정 등의 도매시장 기능의 제공, 영세사업자를 위한 자금지원 및 기계장비 임대 기능 등이 있다. This research examines an economic efficiency of growing forage crops instead of rice and establishes effective using-system of forage crops. Continuous exceed supply of rice with its decreasing price is pointed out as a main factor of farm income decline. To mitigate such situation, it is necessary to replace rice acreages to other alternative crops. However, considering food security and North Korea’s food shortage problem, it is important to maintain certain amounts of paddy field acreages. With government’s subsidies, producers’ net income from field corn and rice whole crop silage are 8,820,000won and 7,790,000won per a hectare each. These figures show higher net income than from food rice production. Without government’s subsidy, meanwhile, food rice growers’ net income much higher than forage crops. Thus, introducing more productivity and cost reducing technologies with direct payment for forage crops are necessary to facilitate replacing rice acreages. This study interviewed livestock growers, rice farmers, and TMR companies to examine the possible approaches of enlarging forage crop productions in paddy fields. The outcomes showed that maintaining stable sources of forage crops supply and demand are most important to derive income. Livestock industry also demands upgrading forage crop qualities. The research argues that a lack of market-based system is the main obstacle of restricting the growth of domestic forage crop production. To solve market inefficiency in domestic forage production and consumption, it is necessary to introduce the “forage crop exchange center” in a several regions. The “forage crop exchange center” will provides several functions such as forage crop wholesale market place, supplying information for reducing uncertainties and setting price signals, providing funding opportunities for small businesses.

축산물 수출시장 확대 방안

우병준(Byung-Joon Woo),김현중(Kim Hyunjoong) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The weak export performance of meat products is mainly due to animal diseases outbreak and low price competitiveness. Animal diseases such as FMD and HPAI prohibit domestic livestock industry from exporting meat products. High production costs impose a severe strain on pricecompetitiveness. The central and local governments, and export related organizations are trying to resolve low export-competitiveness. The main purpose of this research is supporting the effort. To do so, this research reviews current main export markets of pork, poultry, and milk products and discovers future promising foreign markets. This research, in pork export market, identifies that disease eradication, increase quality and price competitiveness, attaining more foreign market information, and intensive export quarantine and permit are necessary to increase foreign market pork products export. To increase poultry product export, this research suggests increasing quality and price competitiveness, eradicating animal diseases, higher hygiene standards, attaining foreign consumers’ preferences, and government’s effort of strict product monitoring. In case of milk products, the current outbreak of FMD and china’s import-prohibition provides a clue of how to handle difficulties. The government and private enterprises have to gather and discuss how to maximize possible outcomes (or minimize damages) when they face importing country’s market prohibition activities.

축산계열화사업 성과와 과제

우병준(Woo Byung-joon),김형진(Kim Hyung-jin) 한국농촌경제연구원 2015 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The Korean government has introduced the “law of Livestock industry integration” in 2013. The main purpose of this study is to assess a law-abidingness of poultry industry after the legislation. This study also pursues drawing a task for a successful livestock industry integration policy. To achieve the purpose, this study summarizes a concept and history of a livestock industry integration in Korea. The keystone of the “law of Livestock industry integration” and related regulations are reviewed in the study. This study shows that top 10 poultry packers’ slaughtering volume occupied 70.4 percent of total domestic poultry slaughtering in 2014. This study estimated the Korean poultry market concentration rate, and its annual growth rate is less than 2 percent during last 10 years. The estimated CR3, CR5, and CR8 are 36%, 50.5%, and 64.7% each. In addition, estimated HHI shows that the annual growth rate of the Korean poultry market is less than 3 percent. All those outcomes confirm that the Korean poultry market is not a perfectly oligopoly market. The becoming of oligopoly market is currently underway but the competition between high-ranked packers is getting deepened. After introducing the livestock industry integration policy, the poultry productivity index increased from 203.5 in 2000 to 294 in 2013. Especially contracted farms show highly increased outcome compared to non-contracted farms. Farmers replied to the survey that the “law of Livestock industry integration” positively affects several rearing contract related issues. The survey result from 94 poultry farms shows that farms’ annual number of breeding is about 5 times and average commission is about 23,600 thousand won for a time. The main reasons of farmers’ changing contractor are replied as “quality of chick”, “the amounts of commission”, and “commission evaluation system.” These replies mean farmers still feel disadvantage by packers after introducing the “law of Livestock industry integration” in 2013. This study realizes the main task for improving livestock industry integration policy is forming the mutual trust between farmers and packers in rearing contract. To meet this end, several policy improvements are necessary such as “prompt introducing and adopting use of standard form contract”, “forming and strengthening the farmer-council toward contractors or packers”, and “monitoring illegal activities of packers.” The U.S. “Packers and Stockyards Program” is also a good example to improve relationship between farms and packers towards better partnership. Introducing a better standard, such as productivity measure or efficiency measure, to analyze a performance of the related policy is another key to achieve better industry structure.

쇠고기ㆍ돼지고기 물가안정을 위한 유통체계 개선 방안

허덕(Huh, Duk),우병준(Woo, Byung-Joon),김원태(Kim, Won-Tae) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

조사논문 : 청보리 조사료의 유통 가능성 분석

허덕 ( Duk Huh ),우병준 ( Byung Joon Woo ) 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2010 농업경영정책연구 Vol.37 No.4

This research found out several key facts of producing whole crop barley forage and using on animal farm. Firstly, nationwide average operational cost and producing cost of the whole crop barley is estimated as 60.16 won/kg and 86.93 won/kg, respectively. It is also analyzed that the production cost of "Jeonla" Province is the lowest in the country. Secondly, the whole crop barley is competitive within the price range of 110.4~116.2 won/kg. Thus, to help the whole crop barley grower, various policy options should be considered. Finally, this study suggests that in the central region farmers better grow rather Rye and Oat than whole barley. Also it is necessary to Provide economic incentives to in crease forage production and facilitate its logistics.

물가안정을 위한 축산물과 축산식품 유통체계 구축 연구(1/4년차)

정민국(Min-kook Jeong),허덕(Duk Huh),우병준(Byung-joon Woo),이명기(Myoung-ki Lee),김현중(Hyun-joong Kim),이형우(Hyung-woo Lee),김원태(Won-tae Kim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Agro-Industry Cluster Development in Five Transition Economies

최지현 Choi, Ji-Hyeon,허장 Heo, Jang,우병준 Woo, Byung-Joon 한국농촌경제연구원 2007 농촌경제 Vol.30 No.1

This paper is to investigate the current development status of the agro-industry sector and agro-enterprise clusters in five selected transition economies including Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and to provide policy guidelines for the effective attraction of investment in the sector. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the countries had been converted into small, segmented market economies with limited growth potentials. They are suffering from relatively high unemployment rates, while agriculture is the industry which provides the largest employment opportunities and takes a considerable share of GDP. However, the missing of market signals has resulted in the inefficiency in the agricultural marketing and processing industry. During the economic transition, the lack of investments and serious budget constraints has negatively affected the development of agriculture and agro-industry. Although each country has adopted diverse efforts to introduce foreign investments, unsatisfactory institutional settings, the prevalence of bureaucratic corruptions, and so forth have hindered the inflow of foreign capital. Cluster-based economic development is recommended to the countries in that it will increase agricultural productivity and bring rural development.

구제역백신센터 건립의 경제적 타당성 분석

지인배 ( In Bae Je ),안병일 ( Byung Li Anh ),이광녕 ( Kwang Nyeong Lee ),우병준 ( Byung Joon Woo ) 한국농업경제학회 2013 農業經濟硏究 Vol.54 No.4

This paper conducts a cost-benefit analysis regarding the establishment of “Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccine Center.” Result of the cost-benefit analysis indicates that the total cost for estab-lishing the Center, developing the vaccine and operating the Center is 145.6 billion won and bene-fits are expected to be 15~188 billion won. The Net Present Value(NPV) is calculated to be -90~15 billion won thus the Benefit/Cost ratio is derived to be 0.08~1.16.