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오승용 ( Seung Yong Oh ) 한국사회사학회 2011 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.89
식민지 조선에 존재하던 ``식민지 권력``을 어떻게 규정할 것인가의 문제는 많은 이론적·실증적 분석이 필요한 문제다. 이를 규명하기 위해서는 일제 강점기에 추진된 핵심정책을 분석해야 한다. 일반적으로 국가정책은 국가가 사회에 내재화되는 수단이기 때문이다. 특히 식민지 체제의 형성에 핵심적 영향을 미치거나 재생산의 위기 상황에서 이를 극복하기 위해 추진된 정책 중에서 1910년대부터 추진된 관세정책과 1920년대부터 시작된 미곡정책은 좋은 분석사례다. 식민지 조선의 운명을 좌우한 두 개의 핵심정책 중 관세정책은 일본 외무성, 미곡정책은 농림성이 주도했으며, 결정된 정책방향에 따라 조선총독부는 정책의 시행을 위한 법령을 마련하고, 인력을 동원하며, 관리를 담당했다. 두 정책에 대한 분석 결과 식민지 권력의 대외적 자율성은 존재하지 않았다. 두 정책을 통해 관철된 이익은 일본 제국주의의 식민지 지배를 강화하고, 조선경제를 식민지 경제체제로 완전히 편입시키는데 목적이 있었다. 이것은 식민지 본국의 대내 도구적 자율성이 관철된 사례지만, 미곡정책의 사례에서 드러나듯 조선 내에 거주하던 식민지 지주세력의 이해를 반영했던 사례도 있었다. This study is t o analyze two colonial policies of colonial system. The tariff policy and rice trade policy are the best cases of colonial state autonomy. With the development of the colonial system, Japan could consolidate the trade monopoly in colonial Chosun. Japan adopted the tariff assimilation policy in 1920s. As a result of this policy, the trade relation between Chosun and China was minimized. Colonial opposition in Chosun would causes the policy change from tariff assimilation to special tariff policy. This change was the expression of Japan``s external-instrumental autonomy. In 1930s, with the rice price sharply declined and the rural communities faced a serious crisis, the landowners in Japan voiced a demand that the rice import from Japanese colonies should be restricted. Japan attempted to control over its rice imports from colonies, but this policy fell through due to strong opposition from the colonial Chosun. Consequently, it made some progress in its rice distribution, it was realized under the condition that the interests of landowners and merchants were dominant. This policy change is the expression of Colonial Chosun``s internal-instrumental state autonomy. The tariff policy and rice trade policy represents internal-instrumental, internal-structural, external-instrumental, external-structural state autonomy.
연구보문 : 수질환경 ; 혐기소화공정에서 항생항균물질이 메탄생성에 미치는 영향
오승용 ( Seung Yong Oh ),박노백 ( Noh Back Park ),박우균 ( Woo Kyun Park ),천만영 ( Man Young Chun ),권순익 ( Soon Ik Kwon ) 한국환경농학회 2011 한국환경농학회지 Vol.30 No.3
BACKGROUND: Anaerobic digestion process is recently adapted technology for treatment of organic waste such as animal manure because the energy embedded in the waste can be recovered from the waste while the organic waste were digested. Ever increased demand for consumption of meat resulted in the excessive use of antimicrobials to the livestocks for more food production. Most antimicrobials administered to animals are excreted through urine and feces, which might highly affect the biological treatment processes of the animal manure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antimicrobials on the efficiency of anaerobic digestion process and to clarify the interactions between antimicrobials and anaerobes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The experiment was consisted of two parts 1) batch test to investigate the effects of individual antibiotic compounds on production of methane and VFAs(volatile fatty acids), and removal efficiency of organic matter, and 2) the continuous reactor test to elucidate the effects of mixed antimicrobials on the whole anaerobic digestion process. The batch test showed no inhibitions in the rate of methane and VFAs production, and the rate of organic removal were observed with treatment at 1~10 mg/L of antimicrobials while temporary inhibition was observed at 50 mg/L treatment. In contrast, treatment of 100 mg/L antimicrobials resulted in continuous decreased in the rate of methane production and organic removal efficiency. The continuous reactor test conduced to see the influence of the mixed antimicrobials showed only small declines in the methane production and organic matter removal when 1~10 mg/L of combined antimicrobials were applied but this was not significant. In contrast, with the treatment of 50 mg/L of combined antimicrobials, the rate of organic removal efficiency in effluent decreased by 2~15% and the rate of biogas production decreased by 30%. CONCLUSION(s): The antimicrobials remained in the animal manure might not be removed during the anaerobic digestion process and hence, is likely to be released to the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the efforts to decline the usage of antimicrobials for animal farming would be highly recommended.