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The Effect of Oleic Acid and Propylene Glycol on the Electrical Properties of Skin
오승열,Oh, Seaung-Youl,Guy, Richard H. 한국약제학회 1994 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.24 No.4
The effects of oleic acid, propylene glycol and 5% (w/w) oleic acid in propylene glycol on the electrical properties of hairless mouse skin were studied and the results were compared. The complex electrical impedance was measured as a function of frequency, and resistance and capacitance were determined from the Nyquist plot. Immediately after the treatment with oleic acid, resistance was 145% of the pretreatment value. However it decreased with time and, after 20 hours, it was about 25% of its pretreatment value. Capacitance increased; immediately after the treatment, it was about 125% of pretreatment value and it seemed to increase slowly with time. When the skin was treated with propylene glycol, resistance decreased about 5O% and capacitance increased about 65%. Similar results were observed when the skin was treated with 5% (w/w) oleic acid in propylene glycol, except that the magnitude of resistance drop was much larger. Oleic acid acted synergistically with propylene glycol. Together with the flux data in the literature, the results obtained in this work indicate that electrical resistance is closely related to the permeability of drug molecules through the skin. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of action of these penetration enhancers. Overall, this work provided further mechanistic insight into the role of SC lipids in skin resistance and capacitance.
기미에서 glycolic acid 화학박피술과 비타민 C 이온영동법의 치료 효과에 대한 비교 연구
김산(San Kim),오승열(Seaung Youl Oh),이승헌(Seung Hun Lee) 대한피부과학회 2001 대한피부과학회지 Vol.39 No.12
N/A Background:Glycolic acid has become popular and could provide an alternative choice to the current depigmenting agent. Vitamin C has been known as strong reducing agent and is supposed to retard synthesis of melanin pigment. Iontophoresis is emerging technologies capable of enhancing drug penetration through stratum corneum. Iontophoretic drug delivery may be easier following the chemical enhancer pretreatment Objective:We evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C-iontophoresis and glycolic acid peeling for melasma. Methods:34 patients with facial melasma were treated with 30% glycolic acid peeling or vitamin C-iontophoresis or 30% glycolic acid peeling combined with vitamin C-iontophoresis. The treatment was performed weekly for a period of 12 weeks. Iontophoresis was performed for 6 minutes under a constant direct current of 0.3-1.0 mA/cm2. The exposure time for glycolic acid were 2 minutes. Before and after 12 weeks treatment, the state of melasma was documented using by the modified version of Melasma Area and Severity Index(mMASI) and Mexameter MX16. We also measured vitamin C2-phosphate flux by in vitro iontophoresor and HPLC assay. Results:The mean scores of both mMASI and Mexameter MX16 after 12-week treatment were lower than those of baseline in all groups(p<0.05). Increasing vitamin C2-Phosphate concentration and increasing current density correlated with larger flux, and the flux in the first 40 minutes of the experiment appeared to be constantly larger than the steady-state flux during the period of the rest of the experiment, regardless of the current density. Pretreatment by peeling with glycolic acid did not significantly affect the vitamin C2-Phosphate flux through normal skin in vitro. Conclusion:Pretreatment by peeling with glycolic acid did not have a major impact on the vitamin C2-Phosphate flux in melasma patient. (Korean J Dermatol 2001;39(12):1356~1363)
신동숙(Dong Suk Shin),오승열(Seaung Youl Oh) 한국약제학회 1999 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.29 No.4
We have studied the stability and transdermal flux of prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) from various donor solutions through hairless mouse skin. Stability in HEPES buffer or in propylene glycol (PG) solution where enhancer (oleic acid (OA), propylene glycol monolaurate (PGML), transcutol (TC), ethanol (EtOH)) is dissolved was investigated. PGE₁ was not stable in HEPES buffer. The concentration of PGE₁ decreased continuously for 7 days, and the degradation rate constant was 0.0028 h^(-1), assuming first order reaction. The effect of current or penetration enhancer on the degradation was minimal. Percutaneous transport from HEPES buffer by passive or iontophoretic delivery without enhancer was close to nil. When OA or PGML was used together with PG, both passive and iontophoretic flux increased. PGML showed better enhancing effect than OA. Flux by cathodal delivery was about 2 times larger than that by passive delivery. Flux by anodal delivery was lower than that by passive delivery. TC and EtOH also increased the transdermal flux, but the effect was not as good as that observed when OA or PGML was used. These stability and flux data provide important information on how to formulate the patch, which will be the next step of this work, and on the polarity of current to use during iontophoresis.