긍정적/교정적 피드백 제공비율이 안전행동 및 피드백 수용도에 미치는 효과

임성준 ( Sung Jun Lim ),오세진 ( Shezeen Oah ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2018 한국안전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

There are various approaches to prevent industrial accidents, of which the focus on human factors is behavior based safety(BBS). The BBS provides positive feedback on safety behavior and corrective feedback on unsafe behavior. Determining the feedback ratio of positive and correct feedback is an important issue in BBS. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of positive and corrective feedback ratio on safety performance and feedback acceptance. The participants of this study were sixty undergraduate and graduate students at C University in Seoul, Korea. Participants were asked to work on a simulated welding task. The independent variable of was different positive vs. corrective feedback ratio (1:1 and 1:4). The dependent variables were the amount and the number of correctly completed work tasks , compliance rate of safety behavior, and feedback acceptance. The experimental design of this study was 2 x 2 mixed design. The results showed that feedback, regardless of the ratio, increased both correctly completed work tasks and the compliance rate of safety behavior, while 1:1 positive vs. corrective feedback ratio was more effective than 1:4 ratio. In addition, 1:1 ratio produced higher level of feedback acceptance compared to 1:4 ratio.

베스트 댓글의 방향성이 일반댓글의 동조효과에 미치는 영향

문광수(Kwangsu Moon),김슬(Seul Kim),오세진(Shezeen Oah) 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.13 No.12

본 연구의 목적은 온라인 뉴스에 대한 베스트 댓글이 일반 댓글의 동조에 미치는 효과에 대해 검증하는 것이었다. 참가자는 총 194명이었으며, 참가자들은 통제집단(61명), 긍정적 베스트 댓글 집단(66명), 부정적 베스트 댓글 집단(67명) 중 한 집단에 무선할당 되었다. 참가자들은 온라인 뉴스 기사와 긍정적 또는 부정적인 베스트 댓글을 읽고 하단에 제시된 댓글 난에 자신의 의견을 댓글 형식으로 작성하였으며, 주제관여도와 자기표현 정도를 묻는 설문지를 작성하였다. 참가자들이 직접 작성한 댓글은 4명의 연구자가 읽은 뒤 댓글 방향성을 긍정, 부정, 중립으로 분류하였으며, 평가자간 신뢰도는 평균 84.9%였다. 분석 결과, 실험 집단에 따른 주제 관여도와 자기표현 정도에는 유의미한 차이가 없어, 실험 집단 간 동질성이 확보되었다. 그리고 교차분석 결과, 실험 집단에 따라 긍정, 부정, 중립적 댓글 빈도가 유의미하게 차이가 있었다. 사후검증 결과, 통제집단과 긍정적 베스트 댓글 집단, 그리고 긍정적 베스트 댓글 집단과 부정적 베스트 댓글 집단 간 댓글 방향성에는 유의미하게 차이가 있었으나, 통제집단과 부정적 베스트 댓글 집단 간 댓글 경향에는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. This study examined the effect of valence for best reply on the conformity of general reply in online environment. A total of 194 participants participated in this study, each participant assigned randomly in three experimental groups(positive, negative, and control). Participants were asked to read online news article, best reply and general 6 replies, and then, to write their own opinions in the reply section. In addition, the level of self-expression and issue commitment were measured. The contents of reply participants written was categorized three valence(positive, negative, and neutral) by the four experimenters’ judgment. The mean of inter-rater reliability was 84.9%. The results indicated that the level of self-expression and issue commitment were comparable across experimental conditions. However, the result of cross-table analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the valence of general reply across experimental conditions. Specifically, there were significant difference in the valence of general reply between positive and negative experimental group and positive and control group, but there is no significant difference between negative and control group.

프롬프트를 활용한 보행자 안전행동 증진 효과 분석

최지한(CHOI, Jihan),임성준(LIM, Sungjun),오세진(OAH, Shezeen) 대한교통학회 2021 대한교통학회지 Vol.39 No.4

국내 보행자의 안전 수준은 OECD 회원국 중 최하위에 머무른다. 현재 보행자 안전향상을 위한 법·제도 마련, 공학적·환경적 설계 등 다양한 접근이 이루어지고 있으나, 보행자 행동에 대한 직접적인 개입은 시도되지 않았다. 이에 본 연구는 보행자 안전 향상을 위한 대안으로 행동분석적 접근을 도입하여 프롬프트 적용이 보행자 안전행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. LED 전광판을 이용하여 횡단 절차에 따른 세 가지 안전행동에 대한 프롬프트를 제시하였고, 프롬프트 제시의 적시성에 따라 적시적 프롬프트와 비적시적 프롬프트로 구분하여 적용하였다. 연구 결과, 프롬프트를 적용하지 않은 기저선에 비해 프롬프트를 적용한 처치 단계에서 보행자 안전행동 비율이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났으나, 처치 단계 내 두 프롬프트 제시 유형 간 효과 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 프롬프트 처치가 보행자의 안전행동을 증가시키는 데 효과적이라고 할 수 있으나, 프롬프트 제시 유형 간 특성을 명확하게 밝히기 위한 후속 연구가 진행될 필요가 있다. Even now, pedestrian safety remains a serious concern in South Korea. Pedestrians accounted for almost 40% of traffic deaths over the last few years. Pedestrian safety has been addressed in previous studies or policies, but there is a lack of literature concerning direct intervention on pedestrian safety behavior. Hence, the objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate the effects of a prompt, which is one of the behavioral approaches to promote pedestrian safety behavior; 2) to compare the effects of two types of prompts, timely prompt and non-timely prompt. We used an LED sign to deliver messages about three key behaviors for safe crossing procedures, and the prompting strategies were applied according to the timeliness of message delivery. Compared to the baseline, the percentage of pedestrian safety behavior increased when using both types of prompts, but prompting strategies did not make a difference in its effectiveness. Findings suggest that prompts for pedestrian safety behavior were effective, but further consideration for prompting strategies is necessary.

개인피드백과 집단피드백이 과업 수행의 양과 질에 미치는 상대적 효과 검증

문광수(Kwangsu Moon),차민정(Minjung Cha),이계훈(Kyehoon Lee),오세진(Shezeen Oah) 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.14 No.12

최근 많은 기업들이 팀제를 활용하고 있지만 팀의 업무 수행 향상에 효과적이고 효율적인 피드백 제공방법에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 팀 수행 상황에서 개인 피드백과 집단 피드백이 과업 수행의 양과 질에 미치는 효과를 비교하는 것이었다. 실험 과제는 영어 문서를 컴퓨터에 입력하는 것이었고 수행의 양은 입력된 단어의 수로, 수행의 질은 올바르게 입력된 단어의 비율로 측정되었다. 혼합설계(mixed design)가 적용되었고 총 48명의 참가자들은 개인과 집단 피드백 집단에 무선적으로 할당되었다. 각 팀은 3명으로 구성되었고 총 4회기 동안 함께 과제를 수행하였다. 개인피드백 조건에서는 각 참가자에게 개인의 수행에 대한 정보만 제공되었고, 집단 피드백 조건에서는 팀의 전체 수행 합에 대한 정보만을 제공하였다. 참가자들의 타이핑 속도를 통제한 공변량 분석결과, 두 가지 피드백 모두 수행의 양을 증가시키는 데 효과적이었지만, 효과크기는 집단 피드백이 더 높았다. 수행의 질에 있어서는 집단 피드백 조건에서만 올바르게 입력한 비율이 유의미하게 증가하였다. 따라서 개인 피드백 보다는 집단 피드백이 과업 수행 증가에 좀 더 효과적, 효율적이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구결과는 기존의 연구결과와는 상반된 결과로 일반화하기 위해서는 더 많은 관련 연구가 필요하다. 특히 후속연구에서는 문화 차이, 과제 종류에 대한 고려가 필요하다. Recently, many organizations are utilizing the team system. However, researches on a technique for efficient and effective feedback to improve a team performance is few. This study compared the relative effects of individual and group feedback on the quantity and quality of work performance. The task was to type English documents on a PC computer and both the number of words typed (quantity) and the percentage of correctly typed words (quality) were measured. Mixed design was adopted and 48 participants were randomly assigned to either individual or group feedback condition. Each group consisted of three participants and completed four sessions together. Under the individual feedback condition, each participant was provided with information on his/her own work performance, while under the group feedback condition, three participants were provided with information on their total work performance. Results showed that both feedback were effective to increase the quantity of performance. However, the effect size of treatment was more high under the group feedback than individual feedback. In addition, the accuracy of typed words was significantly improved only under the group feedback condition. Therefore, the group feedback was more effective and efficient than individual feedback to increase team performance. However, more studies are needed to generalize these results, especially, it is necessary to consider the cultural differences and type of task in the future studies.

피부전도반응을 활용한 운전스트레스 측정

이재희 ( Jaehee Lee ),이계훈 ( Kyehoon Lee ),문광수 ( Kwangsu Moon ),오세진 ( Shezeen Oah ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2013 한국안전학회지 Vol.28 No.7

We aimed to identify the relationship between the index of Galvanic Skin Response(GSR) and the occurrence of stressful events while driving. Participants were 18 drivers with at least two year experience in driving. GSR and three types of Stressful events(Cut In, Sudden Stop, Appearance of Pedestrian) were recorded while drivers drove two routes. We compared GSR peaks at the occurrence of the stressful events and GSR means during baseline. Also, GSR peak amplitudes, which are an indicator of the intensity of stress, at the occurrence of stressful events were compared. The results showed that GSR peaks at the occurrence of the stressful events were significantly higher than GSR means during baseline. GSR peak amplitude at the occurrence of Cut In was significantly higher than that at the occurrence of Appearance of Pedestrian. However, GSR peak amplitude between Cut In and Sudden Stop and between Cut In and Appearance of Pedestrian did not differ significantly. These findings suggest that GSR can be an effective index to measure driving stress.

위험은 파견, 용역 직원에게 외주화 되는가?: 간접 고용이 안전, 건강, 만족에 미치는 효과

문광수 ( Kwangsu Moon ),안지연 ( Ji Yeon Ahn ),장통일 ( Tong Il Jang ),오세진 ( Shezeen Oah ) 한국안전학회 2017 한국안전학회지 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of employment type(direct employment, dispatch and service supplier) on risk factor exposure, health and satisfaction. The data of the 4th wave of Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) conducted by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) in South Korea was used. Business support service industry and manufacturing industry were selected as appropriate industries for analysis. In the final analysis, 5,865 in the manufacturing industry and 1,361 in the service support industry were included. Various variables related risk, safety, satisfaction and health such as risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, injury probability, dangerous work, workload, physical health problem , perceived health, positive emotions, stress, participation for decision making and experience of accident/disease were analyzed and company size and age was controled. An ANCOVA was conducted to identify significant mean differences of risk, safety, satisfaction and health related variables among direct employed workers, dispatch and service supplier workers. The results showed that all the variables except stress showed a significant difference depending on employment type in the service supply industry. In the manufacturing industry, there were significant difference in the risk factor exposure, MSDs exposure, work environment satisfaction, workload, physical health problem, perceived health, and participation depending on employment type. These results indicated that the risks are unloaded to subcontract and outsourcing company workers. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

정적강화와 부적강화가 고객 서비스 행동에 미치는 상대적 효과

최신정(Shinjeong Choi),이계훈(Kyehoon Lee),문광수(Kwangsu Moon),오세진(Shezeen Oah) 한국콘텐츠학회 2014 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 종업원들의 고객 서비스 행동을 향상시키기 위한 정적강화기법과 부적강화기법의 상대적인 효과를 비교하였다. 그리고 두 강화 조건에서 처치를 받은 목표 행동 외에 처치를 받지 않은 비목표 행동에까지 처치 효과가 확산되어 반응일반화가 일어나는지를 추가적으로 검증하였다. 세 곳의 편의점에서 근무하는 5명의 종업원이 연구에 참가하였으며, ABC/ACB 피험자 내 역균형 설계가 적용되었다. 기저선(A 단계)측정이 끝난 후 세 명의 참가자들에게는 정적강화를 제공 하였으며(B 단계), 그 후 부적강화를 제공하였다 (C 단계). 나머지 두 명의 참가자들에게는 기저선(A 단계) 이후 부적강화를 먼저 적용 한 후(C 단계), 정적강화를 적용하였다(B 단계). 연구 결과, 처치를 받은 목표 서비스 행동에서는 정적강화가 부적강화에 비하여 종업원들의 서비스 행동을 더 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 비목표 행동에 있어서는, 두 강화 조건 모두 대부분의 행동에서 반응일반화를 유발하였지만 강화 조건에 따른 비목표 행동의 차이는 각 행동별로 상이하였다. 사후 인터뷰결과 정적강화 조건에서는 긍정적 정서를 그리고 부적강화 조건에서는 부정적 정서를 경험한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 근로자의 직무수행 향상을 위해 정적강화 기법이 더 효과적이고 효율적이라는 것을 시사한다. This study examined the relative effects of positive and negative reinforcement on customer service behaviors. In addition, we examined whether the intervention would lead to response generalization on non-target behaviors. Five employees at three different convenient stores participated and ABC/ACB within-subject design was adopted. For the three participants, followed by the baseline(A), the positive reinforcement was first introduced(B) and the negative reinforcement(C) was introduced for the next phase. For the remaining two participants, the negative reinforcement(C) was first introduced after baseline(A) and the positive reinforcement (B) was introduced. Results showed a greater improvement in target behaviors under the positive reinforcement condition than that of the negative reinforcement condition. In addition, both reinforcement condition cause response generalization on non-targeted service behaviors, however, the comparable effects was found between two reinforcement conditions. Postinterview indicated that participants experienced positive emotions under positive reinforcement condition and negative emotions under negative reinforcement condition. These results suggest that the he techniques using positive reinforcement can be more effective and efficient to improve the work performance.