한국인 상용식품의 엽산함량 분석에 의한 식품영양가표의 보완

연미영(Yon Miyong),현태선(Hyun Taisun) 韓國營養學會 2005 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.38 No.7

취학 전 어린이의 비만도에 따른 식습관과 음식기호도의 차이

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),권미경(Mi Gyoung Gwon),정영화(Young Hwa Jung),현태선(Tai Sun Hyun) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2007 생활과학연구논총 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare dietary habit and food preference by obesity index in preschool children. The subjects were 373 children, aged 5 to 6, of 7 preschools in Chungbuk. A questionnaire was answered by the children"s mother. The children were classified into three groups depending on obesity index. Nine percents of the subjects were classified as "obesity", and 12% were "underweight", and 79% were "normal". There was an association with obesity index and eating speed. The percentage of the subjects who responded that they ate very fast were 22%, 9%, and 2% of obese, normal and underweight group, respectively. More children among those who responded that they ate very fast were found to eat until they felt full. The food preference score of the children was high in ice cream, fried chicken, and yogurt regardless of obesity group, but the preference ranking of cooked rice was higher in obese group than in the other groups. Most of the food preference scores in children were significantly correlated with those of their mothers. Our study suggests that preschool children should be advised to eat slowly to prevent obesity. Nutrition education for healthy food choice should be implemented not only for children but also for their parents.

초등학생의 에너지 과잉섭취 위험 진단을 위한 식습관평가표 개발

연미영(Yon Miyong),현태선(Hyun Taisun) 韓國營養學會 2008 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.41 No.5

초등학교 4~6학년 어린이 142명 (남 80명, 여 62명)을 대상으로 식습관과 식이섭취조사를 실시하여 에너지를 과잉으로 섭취할 위험이 있는 어린이를 선별할 수 있는 간단한 식습관평가표를 개발한 결과는 다음과 같다. 에너지 과잉섭취 위험이 있는 어린이를 선별하기 위해서는 과잉섭취의 위험을 나타낼 수 있는 지표가 필요하므로 에너지 섭취량, 지방 섭취량, 에너지필요추정량에 대한 에너지 섭취량 비율 (%EER)의 세가지 지표를 임의로 선정하였고, 식습관 각 문항의 응답 보기에서 가장 좋은 식습관에 대하여 0점, 가장 좋지 않은 식습관에 대하여 2점을 부여하고, 이 두가지 식습관 사이에 중간 정도의 보기가 있는 경우 1점을 부여하였다. 부여된 점수로 계산한 각 문항의 식습관 점수와 에너지 과잉섭취 위험 평가지표와의 Pearson 상관계수를 계산한 결과 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 나타낸 식습관 문항은 식사 중 TV 시청 여부, 식사속도, 식사량, 과식횟수, 외식횟수, 간식횟수, 라면과 패스트푸드 섭취 횟수에 관한 7개 문항으로 나타나 이들을 평가표에 포함시킬 문항으로 선정하였다. 선정된 문항 중에서 에너지 과잉섭취 위험을 더 잘 가려낼 수 있는 문항에 대한 가중치를 부여하기 위하여 선정된 문항과 에너지 과잉섭취 위험 평가지표와의 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 단계적 회귀분석 결과에 따라 세가지 지표 모두와 유의수준이 0.1 미만인 식사량에 관한 문항의 배점을 1점으로 낮추었다. 진단기준 점수를 결정하기 위해서 %EER ≥ 125%를 에너지 과잉섭취군, %EER < 125%를 비과잉섭취군으로 분류하고, 두 집단의 식습관평가표 점수 분포를 살펴본 후, 임의의 진단기준 점수에 대한 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도를 구한 결과 5점을 진단기준 점수로 결정하였다. 본 조사대상자를 식습관평가표로 진단하여 5점 이상을 위험군으로 분류하였을 때, 13.4%가 위험군으로 분류되었고, 이들의 영양소 섭취량을 비위험군과 비교한 결과 위험군의 에너지 섭취량 평균은 2,156 kcal, 비위험군은 1,708 kcal로 유의적 차이가 있었으며, 대부분의 영양소 섭취량에도 유의적 차이를 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 에너지 섭취량으로 보정해 주어 INQ로 계산한 결과 모든 영양소에서 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 에너지 과잉섭취 위험 진단을 위한 식습관평가표는 에너지 과잉을 잘 나타내 준다고 할 수 있겠다. 본 연구에서 개발된 7문항의 식습관평가표는 복잡한 식이섭취조사를 실시하지 않고도 에너지 과잉섭취의 위험이 있는 어린이를 선별할 수 있으리라고 생각되며, 초등학생이 쉽고 간편하게 사용할 수 있으므로 이들을 대상으로 영양판정이나 영양교육을 실시할 때 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 다만 본 연구에서는 중소도시, 군 지역 어린이를 대상으로 조사한 결과를 이용하여 에너지 과잉섭취 위험을 평가할 수 있는 식습관평가표를 개발하였으므로 대도시를 포함한 다양한 지역의 어린이에게 활용하여 타당성을 검토하는 것이 필요하겠다. 개인의 식습관을 평가하여 진단하는 것은 영양교육이나 영양사업을 계획하고 실시하기 위하여 가장 먼저 해야 하는 단계로 이를 위한 간단하고 효율적인 평가도구가 절실히 필요하다. 따라서 앞으로 다양한 인구집단을 대상으로 다양한 영양적 위험을 평가하고 진단할 수 있는 식습관평가표가 지속적으로 개발되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of the study was to develop an eating habit checklist for screening elementary school children at high risk of energy overintake. Dietary habits, food intake, anthropometric data were collected from 142 children (80 boys and 62 girls) in the 4th to 6th grades of elementary schools. Energy intake, fat intake, and percentage of Estimated Energy Requirement (%EER) were used as indices to detect the risk of energy overintake of the children. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between dietary habit scores and energy overintake indices in order to select questions included in the checklist. TV watching during the meal, meal speed, meal amount, overintake frequency, eatingout frequency, snack frequency, frequency of eating Ramyun or fast foods showed significant correlations with energy overintake indices. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to give each item a different weight by prediction strength. To determine the cut-off point of the test score, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were calculated. The 7-item checklist with test results from 0 to 13 points was developed, and those with equal or higher than 5 points were diagnosed as a risk group of energy overintake. Among our subjects 13.4% was diagnosed as the risk group. Mean energy intake of the subjects in the risk group and the normal group were 2,650 kcal and 1,640 kcal, respectively. However, there were no significant differences of Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of the other nutrients except eating fiber between the risk group and the normal group. This checklist will provide a useful screening tool to identify children at high risk of energy overintake. (Korean J Nutr 2008; 41(5): 414 ~ 427)

참외의 엽산 분석방법 및 함량

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),한영희(Young Hee Han),전희(Hee Chun),현태선(Tai Sun Hyun) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2007 생활과학연구논총 Vol.11 No.2

  Trienzyme treatment (protease, α-amylase, folate conjugase) before microbiological assay is widely used to measure folate content in foods. The amounts of protein and carbohydrate in foods, however, are varied and the condition of enzyme treatment should be adjusted by food composition. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal condition of trienzyme treatment for folate assay in muskmelon. The lowest concentration of protease to digest protein in muskmelon was tried to be determined because muskmelon contains only a small amount of protein. Protease and heat treatment did not increase folate assay results of muskmelon at all, which indicates these steeps are not necessary. Therefore, folate content of muskmelon was measured after the treatment of α-amylase and folate conjugase without protease treatment. The average folate content of muskmelon including placenta was 87.5㎍/100g. Folate content of placenta of muskmelon (260.7㎍/100g) was about 6 times higher than flesh alone (64.2㎍/100g). Our results show that muskmelon, especially with placenta, is a good source of folate.

비만 어린이 대상 영양교육 프로그램의 효과 평가

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),현태선(Tai Sun Hyun) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2007 생활과학연구논총 Vol.11 No.2

  There are many factors affecting the growth and the change of the foodservice industry. Convenience has become a top priority for the increasing number of single households and working women todays. This trend has given a strong impetus to the foodservice operations and they are now providing take-out service. The purpose of this research was to analyse the customer satisfaction with the take-out service of the restaurants. A questionnaire survey of 450 consumers that have experience in take-out service at the restaurants was conducted and 378 completed questionnaires were available for the purpose of the statistical evaluation. Statical analyses were made of raw data by way of using the SAS 8.2 S. Customers" satisfaction scale was composed of 5-Likert scales. The main results of this study were summarized as follows; The customer satisfaction with the take-out service was analyzed according to area, gender and job. The satisfaction score was between 3 point and 4 point among 5 scales. In the satisfaction score according to job, the score in urban area was highly than rural area significantly. In the satisfaction score according to gender, there was no relations significantly in the satisfaction score according to job, there was different significantly in the elements of food taste, price, kindness of employee, knowledge of menu, neatness of employee and access to the restaurant.

초등학교 고학년생의 성별과 영양지식 수준에 따른 식습관, 식품섭취빈도, 식태도 비교

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),한영희(Young Hee Han),현태선(Tai Sun Hyun) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.13 No.3

This study was carried out to examine dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Subjects were 223 boys and 208 girls attending 13 elementary schools (5 th and 6 th graders). A self-administered questionnaire was developed to assess nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, food frequency, and dietary attitudes. Nutrition knowledge score assessed by 19 questions was significantly higher in girls than in boys. There were significant differences between boys and girls in several items in dietary habits such as enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and degree of saltiness of dishes. Girls consumed staple foods such as rice, noodles or bread more frequently, and consumed less frequently ramyun, fried foods, fast foods, and Chinese foods than boys. In addition, girls had more positive dietary attitudes in trying to reduce fast foods, Chinese foods, ramyun and fried foods. Also children in the high or moderate nutrition knowledge level groups had better dietary habits in frequency of meals, frequency of breakfast, enough breakfast time, dinner regularity, activity during the meal, number of side dishes, eating speed, type of snack after dinner, and better food choices by eating staple foods and vegetable side dishes, meats and beans more frequently, and fried foods, doughnuts/cakes, Chinese foods less frequently, and had better dietary attitudes in breakfast, vegetables and fruit intake than children in the low nutrition knowledge level group. Our results showed that dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes were different by gender and nutrition knowledge level. These results suggest that in developing nutrition education program for elementary school children, the differences between gender and nutrition knowledge level should be considered. Nutrition education in elementary schools may change dietary habits and dietary attitudes through increasing nutrition knowledge.

대학생의 혈청 호모시스테인 농도와 엽산 영양상태, 영양소 섭취 및 생활습관과의 관련성

연미영(Mi-Yong Yon),한영희(Young-Hee Han),현태선(Taisun H. Hyun) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2004 생활과학연구논총 Vol.8 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of serum homocysteine concentration with folate nutriture, other nutrient intake, and life style factors in college students. Serum homocysteine and serum/erythrocyte folate concentrations were measured in 33 male and 50 female students. Dietary data were collected using a 24-hr recall method for three consecutive days, and other information including life style was collected with a self-administered questionnaire. Mean serum homocysteine concentrations were 7.3 and 6.9 μ㏖/I in male and female students, respectively. Serum homocysteine concentrations were negatively correlated with erythrocyte folate concentrations in males and females. Serum homocysteine concentration was inversely associated with intakes of folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and vitamin C. Mean serum homocysteine concentrations of subgroups who had higher BMI, drank alcohol or coffee more frequently were higher than those of other subgroups. There was no association between homocysteine concentrations and smoking status or exercise. However, the number of the subjects in each subgroup was too small to draw any conclusion. Our study shows that serum homocysteine concentration was strongly related with folate intake and erythocyte folate. In addition, several dietary and other life style factors seem to be important as well. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger Korean population.

영유아기 수유 유형과 모유 수유 기간에 따른 유아기 비만 양상 분석

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),이행신(Haeng Shin Lee),김도희(Do Hee Kim),이지연(Jee Yeon Lee),남지운(Ji Woon Nam),문귀임(Gui Im Moon),홍진환(Jin Hwan Hong),김초일(Cho Il Kim) 대한지역사회영양학회 2013 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.18 No.6

Although there has been a significant increase in breast-feeding (BF) rate in Korea, it is plateaued since 2008 and still low compared with that of other countries. Because BF has been related to lower obesity prevalence in many studies and the increase in childhood obesity became evident in Korea, we wondered if a relatively lower BF rate has anything to do with this increase. Therefore, we looked into the relationship between mode & duration of BF during infancy and weight status of toddlers using the data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008 through 2011. Number of 2-3 year old toddlers with complete information on BF, anthropometry and normal birth weight was 674. While 87% of them were ever-breastfed, 6.2% each of them were either obese or overweight based on the Standard Growth Chart for Korean Children. Not only the obesity prevalence was different among groups of different mode of feeding, but also the mean duration of BF was significantly longer in normal weight group (9.2 mo.) compared with obese group (5.5 mo.). Accordingly, overweight and obesity prevalence of the toddlers breast-fed for 12 months or longer was significantly lower than that of the toddlers breast-fed for less than 12 months (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32-0.87). This study revealed that both BF and duration of BF affect the childhood obesity and, BF for 12 months or longer should be encouraged more aggressively as one of the main strategies to prevent and/or decrease childhood obesity in Korea.

전라도 구곡순담 장수벨트지역에 거주하는 중노년층의 연령군에 따른 여름철 식품 섭취량과 식품 섭취 다양성 및 식이 패턴 평가

연미영(Mi Yong Yon),이미숙(Mee Sook Lee),오세인(Se In Oh),박상철(Sang Chul Park),곽충실(Chung Shil Kwak) 대한지역사회영양학회 2010 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate food intake, dietary diversity and dietary pattern during the summer in middle aged and older adults living in Gugoksundam (Gurye, Goksung, Sunchang and Damyang counties), Jeonla Province located in southern part of Korea and known as one of the representative Korean longevity areas. Food intake and dietary diversity were assessed by using the data from 2 day-24 hour recall of 1,051 subjects (394 males and 711 females) aged 45 years and older (45-93 years in male, 45-105 years in female). The average ages of males and females were 70.7 years and 71.1 years, respectively. Average total daily food intake was significantly decreased with aging in both genders, and the average animal food intake ratio to total food intake was ranged 10~14% in 3 different age groups, 45~64 years, 65~74 years and 75 years and older. The contribution of each food group, in weight, to total food intake showed the descending order of grains, fruits, vegetables and alcohols in males, and grains, fruits, potatoes and meats in females. On daily intake amount of each food item, rice, watermelon, soju, kimchi, and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in males, and rice, watermelon, potato, kimchi and ylmukimchi in females. On intake frequency, rice, kimchi, onion, green pepper and potato were ranked on top 5 in descending order in both genders. Dietary variety score (DVS) and dietary diversity score (DDS) for the assessment of dietary diversity and balance were significantly decreased with aging in both genders. In food group intake pattern (DMGFV), 01101 type without consumption of dairy and fruits was the most prevalent, and only 3.6% of male and 3.9% of female subjects showed 11111 type, consumed all the 5 food groups a day. Dietary pattern of subjects was analyzed by cluster analysis with 18 food groups intake. Overall dietary pattern was classified into two clusters, one was more desirable and the other was less desirable. The percentage of subjects with more desirable dietary pattern was about 15% in male and 32% in female. In conclusion, most of our subjects living in Gugoksundam area were taking very simple diet with low amount of dairy products and fruits. These results indicate that nutrition intervention and education for older people living in rural areas should be focused on various food intake including dairy products and fruits. (Korean J Community Nutrition 15(4): 536~549, 2010)

구연발표 : 어린이 비만의 예방 및 관리를 위한 영양교육 웹사이트 개발 및 평가

연미영 ( Mi Yong Yon ),한영희 ( Young Hee Han ),최보경 ( Bo Kyung Choi ),현태선 ( Tai Sun Hyun ),유관희 ( Kwan Hee Yoo ),박찬 ( Chan Park ) 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 대한지역사회영양학회 춘-추계학술대회지 Vol.2008 No.2