정신분열증 유도 쥐에서 운동과 좌심실 세포사멸의 반응

여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),홍영표(Hong, Young-Pyo),이삼준(Lee, Sam-Jun) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disease accompanying with psychological, emotional and behavioral disorders. Lifespan of patients with schizophrenia is 11 to 20 years shorter than general people which might be associated with cardiovascular disease. Although apoptosis is highly related to cardiovascular disease, to date there is no study observing apoptotis in heart with schizophrenia. Therefore, we tried to investigate the expression of apoptotic proteins in rats with schizophrenia and the effect of regular aerobic exercise. Twenty-one SD rats were assigned to CON (control, n=7), SCH (schizophrenia, n=7), SCH+EXE (schizophrenia+exercise, n=7) groups. SCH and SCH+EXE groups were treated with MK-801 using i.p. injection for schizophrenia. SCH+EXE group ran on the rodent treadmill at 2 2m/min for f our w eeks ( 5days/week, 3 0min/day). A poptotic p roteins including b ax, bcl-2, cytochrome-c, caspase-3 in left ventricle were analyzed by western blotting. From the results, the expression of bax (p=.001), cytochrome-c (p=.035) and caspase-3 (p=.001) in SCH group were significantly higher than in CON group. On contrary, SCH+EXE group showed the significantly lower expression of bax (p=.009) and caspase-3 (p=.027) than CON group. There was no difference of bcl-2 protein between groups (p>.05), however bax/bcl-2 ratio was higher in SCH (p=.026) than in CON group, as well as it was lower in SCH+EXE (p=.004) than SCH group. These results suggest that increased apoptotic level in heart by inducing schizophrenia could be attenuated by regular aerobic exercise.

필라테스 재활운동 프로그램이 만성요통 노인환자의 균형능력, 이동성 및 통증에 미치는 영향

여효성(Hyo Seong Yeo),하재여(Jae Yeo Ha) 한국발육발달학회 2019 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Chronic low back pain is a major health problem worldwide, particularly in elderly population. Interventions based on exercise have been the most commonly used treatments for patients with this condition. Over the past few years, the Pilates method has been one of the most popular rehabilitation exercise programs used in clinical practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of regular Pilates exercise on balance, mobility and pain in elderly patients with chronic low back pain. Fourteen elderly participants with chronic low back pain (age, 66.7 ± 1.4 years; height, 157.0 ± 4.1 cm; weight, 59.0 ± 4.6 kg; BMI, 23.9 ± 1.6 kg/m²) were randomly allocated to either a Pilates exercise group (EX, n=7) or a control group (CON, n=7). EX group performed exercise sessions with physiotherapy conducted over an 12-week period (3 sessions/week), while CON group attended only physiotherapy over the same period. The level of static balance, mobility and pain were measured 48-hours before and after the exercise program and compared to assess training effects. Static balance ability by MFT of EX group was significantly improved after the Pilates program (p=.003, -21%), whereas there was no change in CON group (p>.05). The MFT score was significantly lower in EX group than in CON group (p=.009, -21%). Likewise, mobility was improved by reducing TUG score in EX group (p=.001, -21%) after the program and the score was lower in EX group compared to CON group (p=.001, -17%). The level of pain was lowered both in EX group (p=.001, 42%) and CON group (p=.014, 11%), but there was no significant difference between groups (p>.05). These results provide initial evidence that regular Pilates rehabilitation exercise may enhance balance and mobility and reduce pain in elderly patients with chronic low back pain.

저항성 운동과 유산소 운동 훈련의 병행이 노화쥐 골격근 유형별 혈관신생 관련 단백질 발현에 미치는 영향

여효성(Hyo-Seong Yeo) 한국응용과학기술학회 (구.한국유화학회) 2021 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.38 No.3

이 연구는 노화된 흰쥐를 대상으로 규칙적인 저항성 운동에 유산소 운동을 병행하는 훈련을 실시하여 골격근에서 나타나는 혈관신생 관련 단백질 발현의 반응을 관찰하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구의 목적을 위해 자연적으로 노화된 SD계열 흰쥐(20-24개월령, N=18)를 사용하여 통제(CON, n=6), 저항성 운동 (RE, n=6), 저항성+유산소 운동(RE+AE, n=6) 집단으로 구분하였다. 저항성 운동 집단은 실험동물용 사다 리를 이용하여 매회 3세트×4회의 운동을 실시하였고 저항성 운동+유산소 운동 집단은 매회 2세트×3회의 사다리 오르기와 추가적인 30분간의 트레드밀 달리기를 수행하였다. 총 8주간의 운동 훈련 종료 후 가자미 근과 장지신근을 적출하여 분석에 사용하였다. 골격근에서 혈관신생 관련 단백질들(HIF-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, Ang-2)의 발현 수준을 분석하기 위해 western blot을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 저항성+유산소 운동 집단에서 가자미근(type I 근육)의 HIF-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, Ang-2 단백질 발현이 통제 집단에 비해 높았으며 저항성 운동만 수행할 경우 HIF-1α, VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 단백질 발현이 통제 집단에 비해 높았다. 또한 가자미근에서 저항성+유산소 운동훈련 집단의 Ang-2 to Ang-1 ratio가 저항성 운동 집단에 비해 높아 운동훈련 유형별 차이를 보였다. 한편, 장지신근(type II 근육)에서 HIF-1α는 저항성 운동 훈련에 의해서만 증가된 반면 VEGF와 FLK-1 단백질 발현은 두 훈련 유형 모두에서 증가되었고 운동 훈련 유형별 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 장지신근의 angiopoieitin 단백질들의 발현은 운동 훈련에 의한 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 노화에서 규칙적인 운동 훈련은 운동 유형에 관계없이 골격근 혈관신생 반응을 유도하며, 특히 저항성 운동에 유산소 운동의 병행은 type I 근조직 유형에서 혈관신생에 대한 추가적인 긍정적 효과를 가질 수 있다. This study was performed to observe the responses of angiogenesis-related protein expression in skeletal muscle of aged rats by regular resistance exercise training with aerobic exercise. For the purpose of the study, naturally aged SD rats (20-24 months, N=18) were used and divided into control (CON, n=6), resistance exercise (RE, n=6), and resistance + aerobic exercise (RE + AE, n=6) groups. RE group performed 3 sets × 4 exercises each session using a ladder for laboratory animals, and RE +AE group performed 2 sets × 3 times of ladder climbing and additional treadmill running (30 min) each session. After 8 weeks of exercise training, soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) were extracted and used for analysis. Western blot was performed to analyze the expression levels of angiogenesis-related proteins (HIF-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, Ang-2) in skeletal muscle. As a result of the study, the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, FLK-1, Ang-1, and Ang-2 proteins in soleus muscle (type I muscle) was higher in RE +AE than in CON group, and HIF-1α, VEGF, Ang-1, Ang-2 protein expression of RE group was higher than that of CON group. Furthermore, Ang-2 to Ang-1 ratio of RE + AE group was higher than that of RE group, showing differences by exercise type. In EDL muscle (type II muscle), HIF-1α was increased only by RE group, whereas VEGF and FLK-1 protein expressions were increased in both training types, and no difference was observed between the types of exercise training. In addition, there was no difference in angiopoieitin protein expressions in EDL muscle by exercise training. Therefore, in aging, regular exercise training induces skeletal muscle angiogenic response regardless of exercise type, and in particular, the combination of aerobic exercise with resistance exercise may have an additional positive effect on angiogenesis in type I muscle.

복합재활운동 프로그램이 슬관절 전치환술 노인 환자의 근력, 이동능력 및 균형감각에 미치는 영향

여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),전유나(Jeon, Yu-Nah),하재여(Ha, Jae-Yeo) 한국웰니스학회 2017 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.12 No.3

이 연구는 퇴행성 관절염 환자의 슬관절 전치환술 후 저하되는 신체능력을 회복시킬 수 있는 효과적인 재활방법을 구명하고자 계획되었다 따라서 슬관절 전치환술 후 초기에 노인 여성 환자에게 복합재활운동 . 프로그램을 적용하여 하지의 근력, 이동능력, 균형감각의 변화를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구의 목적을 위해, 퇴행성 관절염을 가진 65세 이상 노인 여성 14명을 복합재활운동 집단(n=7)과 가정운동집단(n=7)으로 구분하였다. 복합재활운동 집단은 12주 동안 저항성 운동과 균형 운동을 병행하여 실시하였으며, 가정운동집단은 낮은 강도의 전통적인 재활운동을 실시하였다. 수술 전과 수술 후 12주간의 재활이 종료된 시점에 하지의 최대자발적 근 수축력, 이동 능력 그리고 균형능력을 측정하였다. 12주간의 복합재활운동을 실시한 노인 여성의 근력은 수술 전과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p=.275), 가정운동을 실시한 집단의 근력은 수술 전에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p=.001, -35.2%). 이와 유사하게 복합재활운동을 실시한 노인 여성의 이동능력은 수술 전과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만(p=.639), 가정운동 집단에서는 수술 전에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p=.002, -13.7%). 한편, 가정운동 집단의 균형능력은 수술 전 · 후 차이가 없었으며(p=.647), 복합재활운동집단의 균형능력은 훈련 후 수술 전에 비해 향상된 것으로 나타났다(p=.005, 12.5%). 이러한 결과들을 통해 복합재활 운동이 노인 여성 슬관절 전치환술 환자들의 신체기능 회복 및 기능개선에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 가능성이 제안된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective rehabilitation to regain physical abilities reduced after total knee arthroplasty (THA) of degenerative arthritis patients. Therefore, we applied combined rehabilitation exercise to aged female patients at early period after THA and observed the changes of lower limb muscle strength, mobility and balance. To purpose of the study, fourteen elderly female patients (age > 65yrs) undergone degenerative arthritis were assigned into combined rehabilitation exercise group (n=7) and home exercise group (n=7). Combined rehabilitation exercise group performed resistance exercise and balance exercise together and home exercise group conducted low level of traditional rehabilitation at home for 12 weeks. Maximal voluntary muscle contraction, mobility, and balance were measured before the surgery and after the 12 wk of rehabilitation. Muscle strength of combined rehabilitation exercise group was not changed (p=.275), however home exercise group showed significant lower muscle strength (p=.001, -35.2%). Likewise, in case of mobility, it was not changed in combined rehabilitation exercise group (p=.639), but reduced in home exercise group (p=.002, -13.7%). On the other hand, balance ability was not changed in home exercise group (p=.647), but significantly increased in combined exercise group after the training (p=.005, 12.5%). These results suggest that combined rehabilitation exercise may have a positive effect on recovery of physical function and ability of elderly female patients undergone THA.

아라비녹실란 섭취와 유산소성 운동 중재에 따른 혈중 면역글로불린 및 지질 농도의 차이 분석

여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),권형태(Kwon, Hyeong-Tae),손희정(Son, Hee-Jeong) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Arabinoxylan extracted from rice bran has an impact on developing immune function and lipid metabolism. Regular aerobic exercise might improve serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration with B cell proliferation. Therefore, this study was planned to investigate the effect of arabinoxylan ingestion and regular aerobic exercise in rats for 4 weeks. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 8wks) were divided into CON(control, n=8), ARA(arabinoxylan, n=8), EXE(aerobic exercise, n=8) and ARA+EXE (arabinoxylan+aerobic exercise, n=8) groups. ARA group was orally ingested with arabinoxylan for 4 weeks. EXE group ran on the rodent treadmill at 15m/min for 4 weeks (5d/w). ARA+EXE group performed both arabinoxylan ingestion and exercise for the same duration. Serum IgA, IgM, IgG concentration and TG, FFA, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C were anlayzed by ELISA kits. The concentration of IgA of ARA(p=.006), EXE(p=.027) and ARA+EXE(p=.013) were significantly higher than that of CON. However, IgM and IgG level had no differences between groups(p >.05). TC level of ARA and EXE were significantly lower than that of CON(p<.05), however there were no differences between groups in other lipid profiles(p>.05). Taken together, regular arabinoxylan ingestion and aerobic exercise can increase IgA concentration, which improves immune function of mucous membrane and upper respiratory system.

공복시간이 유산소 운동후 흰쥐 심장근의 미토콘드리아 생합성에 미치는 영향

여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),손희정(Son, Hee-Jung),권형태(Hyeong-Tae) 한국체육과학회 2017 한국체육과학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Mitochondrial biogenesis is controled through the transcriptional regulation PGC-1α, NRF-1, mtTFA and AMPK. Activation of AMPK by food deprivation is linked to the changes in the protein expressions of PGC-1 and related genes. This study was performed to determine the effect of food deprivation on mitochondrial biogenesis during aerobic exercise in left ventricular muscle. To achieve this purpose, male SD-rats (12 wk) were randomly assigned into Control (feeding, n=7), 6hF (6h fasting, n=7), 1hF+Ex (1h fasting + exercise, n=7), 3hF+Ex (3h fasting + exercise, n=7), 6hF+Ex (6h fasting + exercise, n=7). The exercise group was sacrificed at the time of 3hour after acute exercise (75∼80% VO2max). Expression of related proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting. From the results of this study, expression of AMPK(76%, p=.001), PGC-1α(137%, p=.001), NRF-1(84%, p=.001), mtTFA(129%, p=.001) and COX-IV(76%, p=.001) in 6hF+Ex(6h fasting + exercise) group were significantly greater than Control (feeding) group, as well as AMPK(68%, p=.001), PGC-1α(87%, p=.001), NRF-1(48%, p=.001), mtTFA(57%, p=.001) and COX-IV(67%, p=.001) in 3hF+Ex(3h fasting + exercise) group were significantly greater than Control(feeding) group. This study demonstrates that the aerobic exercise after 6h fasting has optimal effect on mitochondrial biogenesis in heart muscle.

일회성 장시간의 유산소 운동 수행에 의한 노화쥐의 조직별 지방산화 관련 단백질의 발현 변화

변후균(Byun, Hoo-Kyoun),여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),김창근(Kim, Chang-Keun),김효정(Kim, Hyo-Jeong) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Aging has been considered to be a crucial risk factor for metabolic disoder. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and plays an important role in directing free fatty acids toward adipose and muscle tissues. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in various tissues as well. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an acute long endurance exercise on LPL and HSL expression to tissue type in old rat. 78-week-old female rats(n=16) were used and divided into two groups, control (CON, n=8) and exercise group(EXE, n=8). All animals in the exercise group performed one bout of 3-hr swimming (30min x 6 bouts with 5min rest). We measured serum glucose, insulin concentration and total glycogen content. Protein analyses were performed with gastrocnemius red vs. white and visceral vs. subcutaneous fat tissue using western-blotting. All data are presented as means±SD. Independent samples t-test was used to determine changes in groups. Differences were considered significant if p<.05. Following the long endurance swimming exercise, the HSL and LPL protein expression were decreased by 33% and 39% in gastrocnemius red muscle(p<.05). In addition, HSL and LPL protein expression were increased by 54% and 76%, respectively, in subcutaneous fat(SF, p<.05). These results suggest the possibility of metabolic disorder in aged skeletal muscle.

수태 전과 수태 중 모체운동 훈련이 어미 쥐와 새끼 쥐의 골격근 세포 내 미토콘드리아 생합성 요소에 미치는 영향

전유나 ( Yu Nah Jeon ),권형태 ( Hyeong Tae Kwon ),김형준 ( Hyung Jun Kim ),여효성 ( Hyo Seong Yeo ),김효정 ( Hyo Jeong Kim ),김창근 ( Chang Keun Kim ) 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2014 운동과학 Vol.23 No.2

이 연구는 수태 전 혹은 수태 중 모체의 유산소 운동 훈련이 자식의 근 세포 내 미토콘드리아 생합성 요소에 미치는 영향을 평가하려는 목적으로 계획되었다. 10주령 Sprague-Dawley 암컷쥐(Samtako, Korea)를 대조(CON), 수태 전 운동(EBP), 수태 중 운동(EDP) 그룹으로 구분하여 각각 7마리씩 총 21마리를 사용하였다. 운동그룹은 총 10주(EBP) 및 3주(EDP)간 주 5회, 일일 1시간, 동물용 트레드밀에서 60-75 %V O2max 강도로 운동훈련을 실시하였다. 수태 전?중 모체의 운동훈련 효과와 태어난 새끼 쥐의 미토콘드리아 생합성 요소를 시기별(출산 직후, 출산 8주후)로 평가하기 위해 미토콘드리아 생합성(COX-Ⅳ, mtTFA, PGC-1α)과 모세혈관형성(VEGF165, VEGFtotal, HIF-1α) 인자들의 발현을 western blot 기법으로 분석하였다. 실험결과 수태 전 운동수행 그룹(EBP)과 수태 중 운동수행 그룹(EDP)에서 모체의 mtTFA(15%, 19%), PGC-1α(28%, 33%), VEGF165(14%, 19%) 단백질 발현이 대조그룹(CON)에 비해 높게 나타났다. Off-EDP 그룹의 골격근에서 출산 직후 COX-Ⅳ(35%), mtTFA(24%), PGC-1α(25%), VEGF165(17%), VEGFtotal(25%) 단백질 발현이 Off-CON 그룹에 비해 높게 나타났으며 그 영향은 8주 후까지 지속되었다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 수태 중인 모체의 규칙적인 유산소 훈련이 모체뿐 만 아니라 새끼 쥐의 미토콘드리아 산화 능력과 혈관 생성을 향상시키며, 새끼 쥐의 유산소 대사능력은 모체가 수태 전에 운동 한 경우보다 수태 중에 운동하는 것이 출산 후 새끼의 대사능력에 보다 더 긍정적인 영향을 미친다. The present study was to investigate whether mitochondrial biosynthetic markers of offspring is affected by maternal exercise training during pregnancy. Twenty-one SD rats (10 wks) were randomly assigned into CON (control, n=7), EBP (exercise before pregnancy, n=7) and EDP (exercise during pregnancy, n=7) group. Exercise groups ran on the rodent treadmill at 60-75 %V O2max for 10 weeks (1 h/d, 5 d/wk). Muscle samples were obtained from off springs at immediately after and 8 weeks after birth, and mother rats were also sacrificed 4 weeks after delivering the offspring. Mitochondrial biosynthetic markers, COX-Ⅳ, m tTFA, PGC-1α proteins and angiogenesis f actors, VEGF165, VEGFtotal, HIF-1α proteins were measured by western blotting. The expression of maternal PGC-1α, mtTFA, and COX-Ⅳ proteins in both EBP and EDP groups were significantly upregulated than CON group after aerobic exercise training. The expression of maternal VEGF165, VEGFtotal were significantly upregulated than CON group after aerobic exercise training, whereas no difference in HIF-1α protein level were found among the groups. The expression of COX-Ⅳ, mtTFA, PGC-1α protein levels of off springs in EDP group were similar to maternal values and significantly higher than EBP and CON groups immediately after birth and maintained up to 8 weeks after birth. The trend of angiogenesis factors, VEGF165, VEGFtotal, HIF-1α proteins of offsprings also similar to mitochondrial biosynthetic markers immediately after and 8 weeks after birth as well. In summary, prolonged and regular maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy increases mitochondrial biosynthetic and angiogenetic factors in skeletal muscles in both maternal and offsprings. Furthermore, prolonged and regular maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy maintains upregulated levels of mitochondrial biosynthetic and angiogenetic factors during growth and development of offsprings.

유색미 겨 아라비녹실레인과 운동트레이닝이 Lipopolysaccharide 처치된 흰쥐의 면역인자 및 염증억제에 미치는 영향

손희정 ( Hee Jeong Son ),김형준 ( Hyung Jun Kim ),채정훈 ( Jeong Hoon Chae ),권형태 ( Hyung Tae Kwon ),여효성 ( Hyo Seong Yeo ),어수주 ( Su Ju Eo ),임예현 ( Yea Hyun Leem ),김효정 ( Hyo Jeong Kim ),김창근 ( Chang Keun Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.55 No.1

Arabinoxylan, Ara, rice bran has been shown to be a potent biological response modifier as manifested by stimulation of different arms of the immune system. We examined the effects of Ara rice bran and exercise on the immune function and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rats. As the results, tumor necrosis factor-α as representative inflammatory cytokines showed a significantly lower in Ara supplement group, thus the Ara rice bran had a higher inhibitory activity than the both exercise and control group. However, 4 weeks of exercise training significantly increased inflammatory reactions rather than treatment with Ara in LPS-treated rats. The Ara rice bran acted to decrease the inflammatory reaction. These results suggest that the supplement of Ara rice bran is likely contribute to inflammation response and the Ara rice bran can be used as a possible safe alternative to the immunotherapeutic modalities.