노화와 일회 지구성 운동이 골격근 내 mTOR, 4E-BP1, p70S6K 및 AMPK 발현에 미치는 영향

어수주(Eo Su-Ju),권형태(Kwon Hyeong-Tae),선주상(Shan Zhou-Xiang),채정훈(Chae Jung-Hun),김효식(Kim Hyo-Sik),손희정(Son Hui-Jung),김효정(Kim Hyo-Iung),김창근(Kim Chang-Keun) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

We determined acute endurance exercise on mTOR signaling responses in aging skeletal muscle(soleus; SOL, extensor digitorium longus; EDL). Total 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups by age; young group(YG; 20wk; n=16) or old group(OG; 72wk; n=16). Each experimental group was further allocated two subgroups; Exercise(EX; n=8), Control(CON; n=8) group. All animals in exercise group performed one bout of 3hr endurance swimming exercise (30min×6bouts). The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase(p70S6K) were significantly increased in 20wk(YG) soleus (p<.05). However, the phosphorylation of mTOR and eukaryotic initiation of factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP1) were significantly decreased in 72wk(OG) muscles(p<.05) after endurance acute swimming exercise. The phosphorylation state of AMPK was significantly increased in 20wk(YG) muscles(p<.05) and 72wk soleus(p<.01) after exercise. The results suggest that a bout endurance exercise was increased AMPK activity but inhibited mTOR and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation in aging slow-twitch muscle.

서로 다른 식이 섭취와 일회 지구성 운동 후 쥐 골격근 내 AMPK와 MAPK 발현

어수주(Eo su-ju),김효식(Kim hyo-sik),이미숙(Lee mi-sook),김종규(Kim jong-kyu),이종삼(Lee jong-sam) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.5

노화 쥐 해마 CA1에서의 운동을 통한 BDNF 발현 유도 및 PI3K/AKT에 의한 synaptic 단백질 발현

어수주 ( Su Ju Eo ),김동문 ( Dong Moon Kim ),임예현 ( Yea Hyun Leem ) 한국운동생리학회(구-한국운동과학회) 2012 운동과학 Vol.21 No.1

이 연구는 노화 쥐의 해마 CAI에서 8 주간의 트레드밀 운동이 BONF 및 pre- 및 post-synaptic 단백질들의 발현을 유도하는지와 운동으로 유도되는 BDNF의 발현이 PI3K/AKT 신호 전달에 의해 유도되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 실험동물은 통제집단과 운동집단으로 나누었고, 트레드밀 운동은 19 m/min 속도로 하루에 60 min씩 일주일에 5일, 8주간 실시하였다. 먼저, 노화 쥐(60주령)의 BONF 발현 수준은 어린 쥐(10주령)에 비해 현저히 낮은 수준의 발현을 보였다(p<.05). 노화쥐에서의 감소된 BONF의 발현은 운동에 의해 현저히 증가됨을 보였으며(p<.05), tPA 단백질 역시 통제집단에 비해 운동집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<.05). 또한, 대표적인 pre- 및 post-synaptic 단백질들인 SNAP25, snaptophysin, FSD95, NR2B 발현 역시, 통제집단에 비해 운동집단에 유의한 증가를 보였다(p<.05). 마지막으로 운동집단에서의 p-PI3K 및 p-AKT 단백질 발현 수준은 통제집단에 비해 운동집단에서 현저한 증가를 보였다(p<.05). 이 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 노화가 됨에 따라 해마의 CA1에서의 BONF의 발현은 현저히 저하되었다. 이러한 저하된 BONF 발현은 운동에 의해 증가하며, BONF/P13K/AKT 선호전달을 통해 pre- 및 post-synaptic 단백질들의 발현을 유도하였다. 따라서, 지속적이고 규칙적인 지구성 운동은 연령과 관련된 학습, 기억, 및 인지 능력의 저하 뿐만 아니라 알츠하이머 질환과 같은 신경퇴행성 질환에 매우 유익한 효과를 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. We identified whether the 8 week-period of treadmill running might induce BDNF and pre- and post-synaptic proteins on hippocamapl CAl in aged mice. and whether PI3K1AKT pathway might be involved to the exercise-induced BDNF signaling. To achieve our objective, mice were divided into two groups (CON, EX). Mice were subjected to treadmill-running for 8 weeks of period (19 m/min. 60 min/day. 5 days/week). First, the immunoreactivities of BDNF protein were lower in aged mice (60 wk of age) than that in young mice (10 wk of age) on hippocampal CAl region (p<.05) measured by immunohistochemistry. Next, the reduced levels of BDNF expression in aged mice were significantly reserved in response to exercise (p<.05). and tPA expression levels were enhanced exposed by exercise administration measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis (p<.05). The expression levels of pre- and post-synaptic proteins such as SNAP25. snaptophysin. PSD9S, NR2B were profoundly increased in exercised aged mice compared with sedentary mice (P<.OS. respectively) assessed by western blot analysis. Finally, The immunoreactivities of p-PI3K and p-AKT protein were remarkedly enhanced in response to exercise assessed by western blot (p<.05, respectively). Collectively, the administrated exercise paradigm in the current study induced BDNF expression, and BDNFIP13K1AKT signaling cascade was activated, thereby enhancing pre- and post-synatic proteins expression and neurosynaptic plasticity on hippocampal CAl region in aged mice. Accordingly, the regular and long-tem endurence exercise can exert a beneficial effect on age-related decline of learning, memory, and cognitive function as well as neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer`s disease.

4주간의 고강도 간헐적 운동이 알파인 스키 선수의 주요 체력 요인에 미치는 영향

이지형 ( Lee Ji-heoung ),어수주 ( Eo Su-ju ),정진욱 ( Jung Jin-wook ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2017 스포츠사이언스 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 알파인 스키 선수들을 대상으로 4주간의 고강도 간헐적 운동을 실시하여 알파인 스키의 경기력 향상을 위한 체력요인의 효과를 평가하고자 실시되었다. 연구 참여자는 H대학 재학 중인 경력 5년 이상의 알파인 스키선수(남: 3명, 여: 3명, 총 6명)이다. 세부적인 실험대상자의 특성은 연령(남: 20.67±0.89세, 여: 23±0.67세), 체중(남: 83±6.67kg, 여: 54.17±1.22kg), 신장(남: 179±3.33cm, 여: 158.67±2.44cm), 선수경력(남: 11.33±1.78년, 여: 11±3.33년)을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서 실시된 4주간의 고강도 간헐적 운동 프로그램은 Mountain climbers, Lunge, Double crunches, Squat, Jumping I, Seated knee tucks, Side step, Burpee Test, Jumping II, Mountain climber의 10가지 운동으로 구성되어 있으며, 각 운동을 30초씩 실시한 후, 20초 휴식 후 다음 운동으로 진행되도록 하였다. 주 3회 운동을 실시하였고, 운동을 실시하는 날에는 오전 오후 각 3세트씩 고강도 간헐적 운동을 실시하였다. 4주간의 고강도 간헐적 운동은 알파인 선수들의 체지방률을 유의하게 감소시켰고, 등속성 근력 중 굴곡 피크토크와 등속성 근지구력 중 신전 피크토크와 굴곡 피크토크를 유의하게 향상시켰다. 또한, 민첩성을 유의하게 향상시켰고, 남자 선수들보다 여자 선수들에게 등속성 근력과 근지구력 요인에 상대적으로 더 큰 향상의 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 경기지도자로서 알파인스키 선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 효과적인 트레이닝 프로그램에 있어서 4주간의 고강도 간헐적 운동은 무산소성 체력 요인뿐만 아니라 유산소성 체력요인에도 긍정적인 효과성이 나타나고, 여자 알파인 선수들에게 더욱 효과성이 높을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to examine that the effect of four weeks High Intensity Intermittent Exercise(HIIE) on major fitness factors in Alpine ski players. Total 6 subjects(male : 3, female : 3) are elite alpine ski players in H university. Male(age : 20.67±0.89yr; weight : 83±6.67kg; height : 179±3.33cm; career : 11.33±1.78yr) and female(age : 23±0.67yr; weight : 54.17±1.22kg; height : 158.67±2.44cm; career : 11±3.33yr) players were participated HIIE(Mountain climbers, Lunge, Double crunches, Squat, Jumping I, Seated knee tucks, Side step, Burpee Test, Jumping II, Mountain climber; respectively program(30sec) and rest(20sec), 3 day/week, 2 times(3set)/day for a during of 4 weeks). The following items were measured pre and post the HIIE: body composition, wingate test, isokinetic test(muscle strength & endurance), agility(side step test). In results, %Body fat was significantly decreased but 60 flexor peak torque(isokinetic muscle strength), 240 extensor/flexor peak torque(isokinetic muscle endurance) and agility ability were significantly increased after HIIE. Most of all female players were improved more than male players in isokinetic muscle strength and endurance ability. Finally, HIIE was effective to improve sports performance(major fitness factors) in alpine ski players.

초단거리 레이스페이스 훈련(USRPT)의 수영거리 설정이 회복력과 수영기록에 미치는 영향

김효식 ( Hyo-sik Kim ),어수주 ( Su-ju Eo ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2023 스포츠사이언스 Vol.41 No.3

이 연구는 초단거리 레이스 페이스훈련(USRPT)에 있어서 수영거리 설정(Long course; LC; Short course)에 따른 회복력과 수영기록에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 효과적인 초단거리 레이스페이스 훈련 방법을 검증해보고자 진행되었다. 이 연구에 참여한 연구대상자는 K대학교 소속의 엘리트 경영선수(나이: 19.9±1.1 year, 체중: 76.2±7.3 kg, 신장: 177.5±4.9 cm)로 총 14명의 선수가 연구에 참여하였다. 수영거리 설정은 50m 거리를 200m 최고 속도의 1/4 속도로 완주한 후 20초의 휴식시간을 갖고 20회를 반복하는 진행하는 방시(Long course; LC)와 50m 거리를 200m 최고 기록의 1/4 속도에서 -4초 레이스페이스로 25mX2회로 20회 진행하는 방식(Short course; SC)으로 나누어 진행하였다. 분석 요인은 혈중 젖산농도, 경기기록, 심박수, 운동자각도이다. 수영거리 설정에 따른 집단(LC, SC)과 시기(1~20회) 간 혈중 젖산농도, 수영기록, 운동자각도 요인에서 상호작용 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 심박수 요인에서는 수영거리 설정에 따른 SC 집단이 LC 집단보다 유의하게 감소되는 결과가 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과로 50m 초단거리 레이스페이스 훈련 있어서 짧은 거리로 나누어서(25mX2회) 진행했을 시 200m 최고 기록의 1/4 수준에서 -4초 단축된 기록으로 훈련을 진행되었는데도 불구하고 회복력에 긍정적임을 알 수 있었고, 경기력향상에 있어서 초단거리 레이스페이스 훈련 방법 중 효과적인 세부 훈련방법임을 알 수 있었다 This study was conducted to examine the impact of swimming distance settings on recovery and swimming records in ultra-short distance race space training(USRPT) and to verify effective USRPT methods. The subjects who participated in this study were 14 elite athletes (age: 19.9±1.1 years, weight: 76.2±7.3 kg, height: 177.5±4.9 cm) belonging to K University. First, the swimming distance is set by completing the 50m distance at 1/4 of the 200m maximum speed and then repeating 20 times with a 20-second rest period (Long Course; LC). Second, the 50m distance is run 20 times in 25mX2 times at a speed of 1/4 of the 200m best record with a racespace of -4 seconds (Short course; SC). The analysis factors are blood lactic acid concentration, game record, heart rate, and perceived exertion. There was no interaction effect between groups (LC, SC) and period (1 to 20 times) according to swimming distance settings in the factors of blood lactic acid concentration, swimming record, and perceived exercise. On the other hand, the heart rate factor showed a significant decrease in the SC group compared to the LC group. As a result of this study, it was found that dividing 50m USRPT into short distances (25mX2 times) was positive for recovery. It was found to be an effective detailed training method among USRPTg methods in improving athletic performance.

12주간의 수중운동이 노인 골관절염 환자의 동적평형성과 통증요인에 미치는 영향

임순영(Im, Sun-Young),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),김송준(Kim, Song-June),허성훈(Hur, Sung-Hoon),안경준(An, Kyung-Jun),이장규(Lee, Jang-Kyu),이종삼(Lee, Jong-Sam) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문은 관절염을 앓고 있는 노인여성(환자군; 65.25±5.9세, 11명)과 일반 노인여성(통제군; 64.50±7세, 11명)을 대상으로 12주간의 수중운동(주 3회)을 실시 한 후 동적평형성과 통증(통증자각도)의 변화를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 동적평 형성은 시각정보의 유무에 따라 개안 시와 폐안 시로 나누어 측정하였다. 12주간의 수중운동에 따른 개안 시 동적평형성은 관절염 환자군(p<.001)과 통제군(p<.05)에서 유의하게 향상되었고, 폐안 시 관절염 환자군에서도 유의하게 향상된 결과를 보였다(p<.05). 또한, 통증자각도(VAS) 평가에 의한 통증 변화는 관절염 환자 군의 10요인(푹신한 의자에 똑바로 앉아있기 힘든가, p<.01), 11요인(누워있을 때 통증이 덜해지는가, p<.05), 12요인(통증 때문에 일상생활에 지장이 있는가, p<.05), 13요인(통증 때문에 직장일 또는 집안일에 지장이 있는가, p<.01)에서 유의한 통증 감소가 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 12주간의 수중 운동은 골관절염 노인 환자에게 개안 시와 폐안 시 모두 동적평형 능력을 향상 시키고, 일부 통증요인 감소에 효과적인 운동임을 알 수 있었다 This study evaluated the dynamic balance and pain after 12 weeks aquatic exercise in old osteoarthritis patients. The dynamic balances were assessed using 2 different experimental conditions (Open Eye Condition; OEC, Closed Eye Condition; CEC). Twenty-two subjects were assigned one of the two experimental groups: arthritis group (ART, age=65.25±5.9, n=11), control group(CON, age=64.50±7, n=11). All subjects participated in the aquatic exercise program three times a week for 12 weeks. The dynamic balances (OEC (p<.001), CEC (p<.05)) capability were improved significantly in the ART group after 12 week aquatic exercise. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was decreased significantly [Factor 10(Soft chair, p< 0.01), 11 (Lying down, p< 0.05), 12(Handicap, p< 0.05), 13 (Work interference, p< 0.01)] in the ART group. In conclusion, aquatic exercise was effective in improving the overall health status and the capacity of dynamic balances and reducing the degree of pain in osteoarthritis patients.

경영선수들의 상지 근력과 스트로크 변인이 수영 속도에 미치는 영향

황준일(Hwang, Jun-Il),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),김효식(Kim, Hyo-Sik) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stroke parameter and upper limb muscle power level by swim performance of competitive swimmers. Fourteen male college swimmers were performed swim trials and muscle power analysis. All swimmers were measured swim stoke parameters during maximal effort each swim stroke trails 50m and individual medley(IM) 200m. The result showed that 50m swim record was significantly different from IM 200m(p<.01). DPS(stroke per distance)(p<.01) and Lactate level(p<.05) were significantly difference between 50m and 200m swim. Moreover, there was more related to swim velocity in all swim trials (p<.05). Relationship of muscle power and swim performance were significantly difference between freestyle and butterfly. In conclusion, efficiency of swim stroke and muscle power were increased a beneficial effect on swim performance. Decrease in lactate concentration with swimming velocity may possibly contribute to improvement of swim performance for stroke efficiency, development of anaerobic capacity in elite swimmers.

서로 다른 식이지방산 섭취가 장시간의 수영운동 후 쥐 가자미근 내 AMPK와 MAPK 발현에 미치는 영향

김효식(Kim, Hyo-Sik),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),권형태(Kwon, Hyeong-Tae),김동문(Kim, Dong-Mun),이종삼(Lee, Jong-Sam) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.6

We determined different dietary on expression of AMPK and MAPK signaling response in soleus muscle after a bout endurance swimming exercise. Total 160 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups by two dietary condition: (SCHO, n=40) and high fat diet(HFAT, n=120). High fat dietary were divided into three groups by sub-groups with different diet, sub-group I(SAFA, saturated fatty acid diet; n=40), sub-group Ⅱ(MUFA, mono-unsaturated fatty acid diet; n=40) and sub-group Ⅲ(PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acid diet; n=40). All animals in exercise groups performed 4hr swimming exercise(30×8bouts). Muscle samples were then dissected after exercise 0h, 1h, 4h and 24h and sued for analysis. AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) were significantly different between two dietary condition(p<.01). And High fat dietary were significantly different among HFAT(p<.01). The results suggest that metabolic alterations caused by different dietary than a bout endurance swimming exercise.

일회성 장시간의 유산소 운동 수행에 의한 노화쥐의 조직별 지방산화 관련 단백질의 발현 변화

변후균(Byun, Hoo-Kyoun),여효성(Yeo, Hyo-Seong),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju),김창근(Kim, Chang-Keun),김효정(Kim, Hyo-Jeong) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Aging has been considered to be a crucial risk factor for metabolic disoder. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and plays an important role in directing free fatty acids toward adipose and muscle tissues. Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol in various tissues as well. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an acute long endurance exercise on LPL and HSL expression to tissue type in old rat. 78-week-old female rats(n=16) were used and divided into two groups, control (CON, n=8) and exercise group(EXE, n=8). All animals in the exercise group performed one bout of 3-hr swimming (30min x 6 bouts with 5min rest). We measured serum glucose, insulin concentration and total glycogen content. Protein analyses were performed with gastrocnemius red vs. white and visceral vs. subcutaneous fat tissue using western-blotting. All data are presented as means±SD. Independent samples t-test was used to determine changes in groups. Differences were considered significant if p<.05. Following the long endurance swimming exercise, the HSL and LPL protein expression were decreased by 33% and 39% in gastrocnemius red muscle(p<.05). In addition, HSL and LPL protein expression were increased by 54% and 76%, respectively, in subcutaneous fat(SF, p<.05). These results suggest the possibility of metabolic disorder in aged skeletal muscle.

설상종목 선수들의 추위노출이 체력요인과 Irisin 발현에 미치는 영향

김진해(Kim, Jin-Hae),강광배(Kang, Kwang-Bae),이지형(Lee, Ji-Hyung),어수주(Eo, Su-Ju) 한국코칭능력개발원 2015 코칭능력개발지 Vol.17 No.4