위법수집증거의 처리를 통해 본 미국판례의 유연성

안동준(Ahn Dong Jun) 성균관대학교 법학연구소 2007 성균관법학 Vol.19 No.2

  The exclusionary rule requires that any evidence obtained by police using methods that violate a person"s constitutional rights must be excluded from use in a criminal prosecution against that person.<BR>  This rule was first developed in 1914 in the case of Weeks v. United States and was limited to a prohibition on the use of evidence illegally obtained by federal law enforcement officers.<BR>  The exclusionary rule was designed to deter police misconduct. It does not apply to evidence obtained by private citizens because it would usually have no deterrent effect. Without deterrence comes no exclusionary rule. instead another remedies (e.g. suit for damages).<BR>  Furthermore. the exclusionary rule does not ban illegally obtained evidence from all criminal proceedings against all persons. The U.S. Supreme Court relies on a balancing approach in applying the rule. It weighs the cost of exclusion in hindering the obtaining of the correct result in individual cases against the benefits of exclusion in deterring illegal government actions. For that reason. the court has limited the application of the rule to cases in which it has concluded that exclusion will deter police misconduct.<BR>  Based on the deterrence rationale. the court has created the following four exceptions to the exclusionary rule: Independent source exception. Attenuation exception, Inevitable discovery exception and Good faith exception.<BR>  The exclusionary rule has. throughout its existence. been the target of criticism and attempted reform. And yet. the basic holding of Mapp v. Ohio remains good law. and the basic tenets of the exclusionary rule remain valid legal doctrine.

누범가중의 타당성과 실효성

안동준(Dong Jun Ahn) 한국비교형사법학회 2000 비교형사법연구 Vol.2 No.1

N/A

퍼지논리 안정화알고리즘을 이용한 다중채널 능동소음제어시스템

안동준(Ahn, Dong-Jun) 한국산학기술학회 2012 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.13 No.8

능동 소음제어 시스템에 사용되는 IIR 필터 구조는 구조적으로 안정성이 보장되어야 하며 이는 분모 전달 함수의 근이 단위원 내부에 존재하여야 한다. 따라서 이를 결정하는 제어 필터의 계수의 적절한 조정이 중요해 진다. 본 논문에서는 적응과정에서 불안정할 우려가 있는 IIR 필터 구조를 가지는 Filtered_U LMS 알고리즘에 안정화 알 고리즘과 수렴속도 향상을 위한 퍼지논리를 이용한 수렴계수 계산 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘이 FIR 필터 구조 알고리즘보다 계산량이 적고 수렴특성이 우수함을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 보였다. In active noise control filter, IIR filter structure which used for control filter assures the stability property. The stability characteristics of IIR filter structure is mainly determined by pole location of control filter within unit disc, so stable selection of the value of control filter coefficient is very important. In this paper, we proposed novel adaptive stabilized Filtered_U LMS algorithms with IIR filter structure which has better convergence speed and less computational burden than conventional FIR structures, for multi-channel active noise control with vehicle enclosure signal case. For better convergence speed in adaptive algorithms, fuzzy LMS algorithmswhere convergence coefficient computed by a fuzzy PI type controller was proposed.

능동소음제어를 위한 안정화된 퍼지 논리 적응필터

안동준(Dong Jun Ahn),김대성(Dae Sung Kim),남현도(Hyun Do Nam) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7

In active noise control systems, ⅡR filter has a pole which causes a problem in stability on being used for adaptive algorithm. For ⅡR filter, sometimes its pole could be placed with out of a unit circle in a z-plane in the transition state before adaptive algorithm converges to the optimum value, which causes the system to be diverged. Fuzzy LMS algorithm has a better convergence property than conventional LMS algorithms, but is difficult to applying ⅡR filter because of stability problems. Stabilized adaptive algorithm is reinforced stability by moving the poles of ⅡR filter toward the origin in the beginning of the operation of the system, and by introducing forgetting factor to maintain the optimum convergence when it reaches to the steady state. In this paper, We proposed stabilized fuzzy logic adaptive ⅡR filters, for single channel active noise control systems with ill conditioned signal case. Computer simulations were performed to show the effectiveness of a proposed algorithms.

태양전지를 이용한 자동차용 고효율 전력분배기 개발

안동준(Ahn Dong-Jun),김영일(Kim Young-Il) 한국산업융합학회 2009 한국산업응용학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

The solar cell module array is changed by the operational point by quantity of solar radiation, temperature, load change and so on. Thus, about the changes by these factors, the solar sell should apply MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) method whith can always make maximum output power with inverter. Generation control circuit is method which can always get maximum output power as it regularly controls each voltage of serial connected solar cell. In this paper, show the effectiveness of developed power distributors through experiments.

Active Muffler를 위한 안정화된 적응필터의 설계

안동준(Ahn Dong-Jun),조경환(Cho Kyung-Hwan) 한국산업융합학회 2009 한국산업응용학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.1

An adaptive IIR filter in Active Noise Control systems is more effective than an adaptive FIR filter when acoustic feedback exists, in which case an order of an adaptive FIR filter must be very large if some of poles of the ideal control filter are near the unit circle. But the IIR filters may have stability problems especially when the adaptive algorithm for adaptive filters is not yet converged. In this paper, proposed stabilized recursive LMS algorithms for active mufflers. RLMS algorithms could diverge before the algorithm is not yet converged. So, in the beginning of the ANC system, the stability of the RLMS algorithms could be improved by pulling the poles of the IIR filter to the center of the unit circle, and returning the poles to their original positions after the filter converges. also using continuous estimation methods for variable secondary path transfer function coefficients. Computer simulations performed to show the effectiveness of a proposed algorithm.

수정헌법 제4조상의 “상당한 이유” 판단기준을 둘러 싼 미국판례의 흐름

안동준(Dong-jun Ahn) 전남대학교 5.18연구소 2007 민주주의와 인권 Vol.7 No.2

능동소음제어를 위한 안정화된 퍼지 LMS 알고리즘

안동준(Dong-Jun Ahn),백광현(Kwang-Hyun Baek),남현도(Hyun-Do Nam) 대한전기학회 2011 전기학회논문지 Vol.60 No.1

In an active noise control systems, an IIR filter may cause a problem in stability beacause of its poles. For IIR filter, its poles goes sometimes out of a unit circle in a z-plane in the transition state, where the adaptive algorithm converges to the optimum value, which causes the system to diverge. Fuzzy LMS algorithm has a better convergence property than conventional LMS algorithms, but is not applicable to IIR filter because of the reasons. Stabilized adaptive algorithm could be improves stability by moving the pole of IIR filer toward the origin forcibly in the transient state, and by introducing forgetting factor to maintain the optimum convergence when it reaches to the steady state. In this paper, We proposed stabilized adaptive fuzzy LMS algorithms with IIR filter structures, for single channel active noise control with ill conditioned signal case. Computer simulations were performed to show the effectiveness of a proposed algorithm.

犯罪被害者의 法的地位와 그 展望

安銅準(Ahn Dong Jun) 한국형사법무정책연구원 1990 형사정책연구 Vol.3·4 No.-

사기죄의 성립과 피해자책임, 그리고 한걸음 더

안동준(Ahn Dong Jun) 한국피해자학회 2005 被害者學硏究 Vol.13 No.2

In dieser Zeit ist Fall bekannt geworden, auf welch plumpe Art und Weise es Betrügern gelingt, ihre Opfer zu einer Vermögensverfugung zu bewegen. Daraus springt einem neutralen Beobachter das Phänomen des besonderen Leichtsinns bzw. der Leichtgläubigkeit des Betrugsopfers geradezu in die Augen. Es fehlt aber überhaupt an einer strafrechtsdogmatischen Klassifizierung des Begriffs "Mitverschulden" des Opfers beim Betrugstatbestand. Dennoch soll von dieser, auch im Schrifttum üblichen, Terminologie nicht abgewichen werden, da der Begriff "Mitverschulden" noch am besten die Fälle mit einbezieht, in denen der Verletzte aufgrund unbegründeten Vertrauens die Rechtsgutsverletzung leicht hätte vermeiden können. Allerdings soll unter mitwirkendem "Verschulden" nicht ein Verschulden im strafrechtlichen Sinne verstanden werden, da dies eine rechtswidrige Tatbestands-verwirklichung des Opfers voraussetzen würde, und es auch kein gesetzliches Verbot bezüglich der Verletzung eigener Rechtsgüter gibt. Es ist zu untersuchen, inwieweit Schutzbedürftigkeitsgesichtspunkte gegenüber dem Opfer mit dem "Prinzip der Subsidiarität strafrechtlichen Rechtsgüter-schutzes" zu vereinbaren sind, denn bei der Berücksichtigung des Mitverschulden spielen die Schutzbedürftigkeit und Schutzwürdigkeit eine wesentliche Rolle. Inzwischen läßt sich auch eine Entwicklung feststellen, die nicht nur auf die strafbare Handlung des Täters abstellt, sondern auch das Verhalten des Opfers kriminologisch und strafrechtsdogmatisch berücksichtigen will. Diese Arbit soll ein weiterer Versuch sein, dem Opfer zu einer stärkeren dogmatischen Berücksichtigung zu verhelfen, d.h. es soll die "Tendenzwende mit der verstärkten "Blickwendung vom Täter zum Opfer" und der "Wieder-entdeckung des Opfers für die Unrechtslehre" unterstützt werden. Dabei wird untersucht werden, ob sich das Mitverschulden des Opfers als Tatbestands-korrektiv fortsetzt. Darüber hinaus wird es noch versucht, durch Aufklärungs-Pflicht des Täters einen neuen aber viel einfachen Lösungsweg in Bezug auf Betrug zu finden.