금강 (錦江) 담수어의 (淡水魚) 대상분포와 (帶狀分布) 군집분석에 (群集分析) 관한 연구

안광국,홍영표,김재구,최신석 ( Kwang Guk An,Young Pyo Hong,Jai Ku Kim,Shin Sok Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.2

N/A

대형 인공댐호이 효율적 수질 감시를 위한 적정 조사 빈도 설정 연구

안광국,홍욱희,최신석 ( Kwang Guk An,Wuk Hee Hong,Shin Suk Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.3

In water quality monitoring practices, frequent water sampling would promise data accuracy but may not be so cost effective. However, less frequent sampling would fail to provide accurate data which represents the exact quality of the water body. Hence, determining appropriate sampling frequencies will be enormously important in terms of data accuracy and cost saving, particularly when the sampled water bodies are of great importance as major water resources . In this study, such determination of sampling frequencies was carried out for the Lake Taechung. Total 13 water quality parameters sampled and analyzed every 2 to 3 days for a year were compared with the data sampled less frequently; once every 7 to 10 days, twice a month, and once a month. While general water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity were dynamically fluctuated throughout the year, the parameters related to the trophic state such as Secchi depths, total suspended solids, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a showed more distinctive fluctuations during the algal growth season. The effects of summer monsoon were remarkable in most water quality parameters. Based on these findings, it was suggested that during the algal growth season, June to September, at least weekly samplings should be carried out for VSS, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. Nitrate- and ammonia-N, dissolved phosphorus, NVSS and other parameters may be measured twice a month during this season. During non-algal growth seasons, from October to May of the next year, bimonthly samplings were suggested for such parameters as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll-a Monthly samplings would suffice for all other parameters.

An Influence of Point-Source and Flow Events on Inorganic Nitrogen Fractions in a Large Artificial Reservoir

안광국,An, Kwang-Guk 한국하천호수학회 2000 생태와 환경 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 1993${\sim}$1994년 대청호 17개 조사지점에서 점오염원 및 계절적 유입수에 대한 무기질소원의 다변적 동태에 대하여 평가하였다. 연구기간 동안 총질소(TN)는 평균 1.53 mg/L으로, $0.70{\sim}2.56\;mg/L$ 범위에 있었다. 용존 무기질소(DIN)는 계절 및 조사지점에 관계없이 총질소의 90%이상을 차지하여 질소가 풍부한 부영양-과영양 상태의 호수임이 확인되었다. 용존 무기질소의 $67{\sim}94%$는 질산성-질소인 반면, 암모니아성-질소는 용존 무기질소의 5%이하로 구성되었다. 1993년 장마동안 질산성-질소는 빗물과 호수물의 혼합의 결과로서 상류역에서 희석된 반면, 암모니아성-질소는 장마 전에 비해 100%이상 증가를 보였다. 암모니아성-질소는 강우량과 정 상관관계(r=0.85; p<0.001)를 보였고, 수 체류시간(r = -0.90; p<0.001) 및 전기전도도 (r = -0.78, p<0.001)와는 역 상관관계를 보였다. 이런 결과에 따르면, 암모니아성-질소는 장마기에 호수 외부로부터 유입되었음을 제시한다. 연구기간 2년 모두 평균 총질소는 호수내 상류 및 하류에서보다 가두리 양식장 및 폐수 처리장이 위치한 중류역에서 높았다. 중류역에서 이런 특성은 유입량이 적은 1994년하절기 동안 점 오염원에서 축적된 오염부하 증가의 결과로서 가장 심화되었다. 본 인공호에서 총질소 분포는 호수내 상${\cdot}$하류역 사이에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았고, 유입량 보다는 점오염원에 의해 직접적으로 결정되는 것으로 사료된다. This paper evaluated the influence of point source and flow events on inorganic nitrogen fractions at 17 sites of Taechung Reservoir during 1993${\sim}$1994. Total nitrogen (TN) averaged 1.53 mg/L during the study and ranged between 0.70 and 2.56 mg/L. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) accounted for >90% of TN regardless of season and location, indicating a nitrogen-rich system showing eutrophic${\sim}$hypereutrophic conditions. Some 67${\sim}$94% of DIN was NO$_{3}$-N, whereas mean level of NH$_{4}$-N was less than 5% of DIN. During monsoon 1993, dilution of NO$_{3}$-N was evident in the headwaters as a result of mixing of lake water with rain water, while NH$_{4}$-N increased>100% compared to the premonsoon. Values of NH$_{4}$-N had a positive correlation with rainfall (r=0.85; p<0.001) and negative correlations with theoretical water residence time(r=-0.90; p<0.001) and conductivity(r=-0.78, p<0.001), respectively. These outcomes suggest that NH$_{4}$-N came from external input from the watershed during the monsoon. In both years, mean TN was greater in the mid-lake sites than any other sites. A great amount of TN in the mid-lake was most pronounced in monsoon 1994 because of an accumulated influence of the point sources during low inflow. Overall data suggest that concentrations of TN in this system did not show large differences along the longitudinal gradients and its distributions is likely determined by point-sources rather than inflow regime.

수질관리 : 해부학적 건강도 평가 기법 및 생물학적 다변수 모델 평가 기법을 이용한 하천 평가

안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ),김자현 ( Ja Hyun Kim ),배대열 ( Dae Yeul Bae ),이재연 ( Jae Yon Lee ) 대한상하수도학회 2005 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

포스터 발표 : 수질관리 ; 정수 생태계 평가를 위한 다변수 메트릭 개발

안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ),한정호 ( Jung Ho Han ) 대한상하수도학회 2005 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

생물보전지수 ( Index of Biological Integrity ) 의 신속한 생물평가 기법을 이용한 갑천 수계의 평가

안광국(Kwang Guk An),염동혁(Dong Hyuk Yeom),이성규(Sung Kyu Lee) 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.4

N/A The purpose of present study was to introduce a multimetric approach, so called the Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) as a tool for evaluations of water environments. We used 11 metric systems for the IBI to evaluate stream conditions, based on the fish community, and modified 5 original metric attributes suggested by Karr(1981). Overall IBI values in Kap Stream averaged 36(n=5) and ranged 17∼49, indicating a fair condition according to the modified criteria of Karr(1981) and U.S. EPA(1993). However, there were distinct differences in the IBI values among 5 study sites. The IBI values at sites 1, 2, and 3 were 49, 45, and 41, which indicated good∼excellent, good, and fair condition, respectively, while values at sites 4 and 5 were 17 and 29, which indicated very poor and poor, respectively. The minimum IBI at site 4 was probably due to continuous inputs of wastewater from wastewater disposal plants. The condition at site 4 resulted in predominance of tolerant species(50%), omnivore species(50%), and high abnormalies(43%). In the mean time, the IBI value at site 5, located near 5㎞ downstream from the site 4, increased compared to that of site 4, and this seemed to be a result of recovery of water quality as the polluted water goes downward. We believe that present bioassessment methodology of IBI applied in this study may be used as a key tool to set up specific goals for stream restoration plans and dentify recovery levels of lotic ecosystems after restoration activities(i.e., prevention of point-source pollutant input, restoration of physical habitats, construction of riparian vegetation) as well as a biological measure diagnosing current stream conditions.

분자수준의 바이어마커로 부터 군집수준의 바이오인디케이터의 다변수체계를 이용한 통합적 하천 생태 건강도평가 기법

안광국 ( Kwang Guk An ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.1

The integrative approach for ecological stream health assessments was applied to a stream ecosystem using a multi-level organization from molecular level of biomarkers to community levels of bioindicators along with analysis of physical and chemical stressors. Water quality parameters of BOD, COD, TN, and TP etc were measured and physical habitat health, based on Qualitative habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) model were analyzed. Also, Ecological stream health model, based on index of biological integrity (IBI) by fish assemblage, was developed for regional assessments and then applied to the stream. Six metric attributes of original 11 metrics were modified for a development of the model. Biomarkers of comet assay, blood chemistry, physiological parameters, and bioindicators such as organismal-, population-, community- level parameters were evaluated in this study along with eco-toxicity tests. Some stations impaired (stressed) in terms of stream health were identified by the IBI approach and also major key stressors affecting the health were identified using BOD, TN, TP, physical habitat evaluation, and eco-toxicity tests. The assessment approach of integrative ecological stream health would be used as a key tool for ecological restorations and species conservations in the degraded stream ecosystems and applied for elucidating major causes of ecological disturbances. Ultimately, this approach provides us an effective management strategy of stream ecosystems through establishments of ecological networks in various watersheds. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2013R1A1A4A01012939).

도시개발에 따른 하천의 생태건강성 평가

안광국(Kwang-Guk An),한정호(Jeong-Ho Han),이재훈(Jae Hoon Lee) 한국환경독성학회 2012 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2012 No.5

국내 182개 농업용 저수지의 TSI지표 분석을 통한 주요 영양물질과 엽록소 변동연구

안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ),( Md. Mamun ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

The main objectives of this study was to determine how Asian monsoon influences nutrient regime, suspended solids, and algal chlorophyll (CHL) in 182 agricultural reservoirs, based on the dataset of 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of TN - CHL and TP - CHL for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoirs. The intensity of Asian monsoon greatly determined the ambient concentrations of N and P. Most of the Korean agricultural reservoirs based on ambient nutrient concentrations were nitrogen - rich and phosphorus contents were relatively low, indicating a potential P - limiting system. Regression analysis of empirical model showed that CHL had a high linear relation with TP but a weak relation with TN. Seasonal empirical models of TP-CHL showed that the regression coefficients in premonsoon (R² = 0.605) and postmonsoon (R² = 0.554) were greater than that during the monsoon. Thus, CHL concentrations at a unit phosphorus were reduced during the monsoon season . In contrast, the regression coefficients of CHL - TN were low in all the seasons (R² < 0.07). Indicating that values of CHL showed a high positive functional relation (R² = 1.00) with non - algal light attenuation coefficient (Kna). Values of Trophic State Index (TSI) implied that phosphorus limitation was severe in the Korean agricultural reservoirs. Overall, the reservoir study suggested that phosphorus should be controlled for the reservoir conservation [TSI (CHL)-TSI (SD) < TSI (CHL) - TSI (TP)] according to the analysis of Trophic Sate Index Deviation (TSID).

국내 강과 하천에서 이화학적 수질과 생태적 건강성 분석

안광국 ( Kwang-guk An ),( Md. Mamun ),유해찬 ( Haechan Yoo ) 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

The objectives of this study were twofold: to analyze seasonal variation in nutrients and sestonic chlorophyll (CHL-a) in Asian lotic ecosystems, and to evaluate multi- trophic level ecological stream health (ESH) in relation to stream morphology, land-use patterns, and water chemistry. We conducted physical, chemical, and biological surveys at 72 national streams and rivers, and at 65 reference streams. Water chemistry data indicated that ambient nutrient (N, P) levels were closely associated with land-use patterns and stream elevation, and that these, in turn, influenced both community structures of fish and stream health in general. In the watershed, total phosphorus (TP) was a key determinant of sestonic CHL-a, and the mass ratio TN:TP was determined by phosphorus (R² = 0.63, p < 0.01) rather than nitrogen (R² = 0.01, p > 0.05). Proportions of tolerant and omnivorous fish increased with nutrient enrichment and organic matter pollution, while proportions of sensitive and insectivorous fish decreased. Lotic ecosystem health, based on a multi-metric approach (MF-IBI model), was clearly demonstrated by a multivariate analysis (PCA); important factors were watershed characteristics (land-use patterns), nutrient levels (N, P), organic matter (BOD, COD) regimes, and biological components (trophic and tolerance guilds).