"대(臺)"양식(樣式)의 역사적(歷史的) 발달과정(發達過程)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (I) -신증동국여지승람(新增東國輿地勝覽) 분석(分析)을 통한 대(臺)의 개념(槪念) 분석(分析)-

안계복,Ahn, Gye-Bog 한국건축역사학회 1993 건축역사연구 Vol.2 No.2

The ${\ulcorner}$Dae${\lrcorner}$ is a place where a man could commune with nature. Our ancestors, who had very interested in natural landscape, and were named to the typical rock in the nature, which they called 'Dae'. The results of a analyzed the old literature(1530 : early stage of Chosen Danasty) are as follows. 1. The distribution of Dae is differ from provinces. Gangwon-do, Kyongsang-do, Cholla-do had many of the Daes. 2. The characteristics of form were classified into five groups. 1) A type of huge flat rock, which able to sit 5-6 persons(30.2%) 2) A type of mountain peak, which unable to use but seems to use images (27%) 3) A type of cliff(25.4%) 4) A type of fantastic rock (9.5%) 5) A type of stratified rock (6.3%) 3. The behavioral characteristics of the Dae were summarized watching a scenery and strolling (유(遊)), enjoying acenery, and relaxation. 4. The site locations of Dae are various such as, hill top, on cliffs, on the mountain, around river, river side cliff or grand rocks, and so forths.

신라 동해구에 대한 지형.경관 분석

안계복,황국웅,Ahn Gye-Bog,Hwang Kook-Woong 한국조경학회 2005 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.33 No.4

In order to reveal the geographical landscape's features of the East Sea-gateway(東海口), which has existed only in the era of Shilla as unique east path, we have carried out analysis of the old maps(邑誌圖) and satellite imagery, and geographical features analysis in the application of digital maps, and the result is as follows. 1. Analysis of materials from the Chosun dynasty describes landscapes called sea gates(海口) (note that this should not be capitalized); a place where the river meets the sea and the sea comes far into the land. Sea gate landscapes may have an island, but this is not a prerequisite. 2. According to the satellite imagery, the capital city of Shilla Dynasty had five passages. four or them are broad corridors, but one of them is narrow. The east side of the capital city is blocked by mountains and there was an important path which leads into the East Sea. 3. According to the cross section of the mountains, there is the only rule East-path. There was no alternative way. There was only one way-out to the east side from the capital city. This is the unique path which reaches a length of 28km. Judging from this, it seems that this path was called the East Sea-gateway. 4. The landscape of the East Sea-gateway was shaped like the letter 'V' and reached to the landscape of the sea gate. However, the route was blocked - part by the mountains, and also the part in the crisis of loss of path-landscape which has lost its own character of closure as several valleys are merged together.

성당 옥외공간 개선방안에 관한 연구 (3) - 이용자 행태분석을 통한 개선안 -

안계복(Gye Bog Ahn) 대구가톨릭대학교 인문과학연구소 1987 산업미술 Vol.2 No.-

신라 동궁과 월지의 경관변화 추정에 관한 고찰

안계복 ( Gye Bog Ahn ) 한국전통조경학회 2015 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.33 No.1

문무대왕이 674년에 동궁과 월지를 조성한 후, 1922년에 측량이 이루어지기까지 1249년 동안 어떻게 변형되었는지 자료가 없어 원형경관을 추정 할 수 없다. 그래서 본 연구는 월지 경관변화를 좀 더 심도 있게 추정하기 위하여 그동안 연구되지 않았던 Hara(1932)의 연구와 일제강점기의 사진 등을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1922년 측량도면과 1975년 측량도면을 비교해 본 결과 53년 동안, 섬을 제외한 월지 전 지역에서 2~4m가 낮아졌으며, 심한 곳은 10m나 낮아진 조산(造山)지역도 있었다. 제1 건물지 남쪽 호안에는 산을 연상시킬 만큼 많은 경석이 놓여 있었으며 이곳에 입수로가 있었음이 1922년 측량도면과 1950년대 사진자료를 통해 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 유구는 발굴 직전까지 남아 있었음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 건물지 3, 5는 건물지 1, 2, 4에 비해 봉우리 형상으로 더 높았다. 따라서 높은 기단 위에 건축물이 세워져 있었을 가능성이 매우 높으며, 현재와 같이 제 3, 5 건물지가 여타 건물지와 함께 같은 높이로 정비된 것은 잘못된 것이며, ‘경주 임해전지 조경정비계획(2009)’과 ‘종합정비기본계획(2012)’은 잘못된 것이다. 월지 발굴 이전의 사진을 통해 경관변화를 추정해 본 결과, 도면상에서 많은 변화가 있었던 조산 지역의 경관변화와 경석의 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 이번 연구에서는 지면 관계상 제한적이었지만 좀 더 많은 사진자료를 분석한다면 월지 원형경관 추정에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. After the great King Munmu constructed Donggung-palace and Wolji-pond in 674, original landscape could not be estimateddue to lack of related materials for some 1,250 years until it was surveyed in 1922. Accordingly, the study, to estimate changes of Wolji-pond landscape more accurately, analyzed the study of Hara(1932) and pictures in the Japanese ruling period etc. - these had not been studied so far. The study results are as follows. As a result of comparing survey maps of 1922 and one of 1975, it was found that during 53 years, whole area excluding island showed eroded part by 2~4m, severely, there was mounding area which was lowered by 10m. And it was identified through survey map of 1922 and pictures of the 1950``sthat inside southern shore protection of the No. 1 construction site were many landscape-stones(景石) which can make imagine a hill; here was water path. Trace of such path etc. remained just before excavation. 2) The construction site No. 3 and 5 in peak shape were higher than construction site No. 1, 2, and 4. Accordingly, there is high possibility that construction stood on high stylobate. So it is wrong that construction site No. 3 and 5 are restored in same height as other construction sites. Comprehensive restoration basic plan made in 2012 was also wrong. As a result of estimating changes of landscape through pictures before excavation of Wolji-pond, the author could identify changes of landscape in mound area and pumice stones which showed much changes in drawing. The study has limit due to lack of space. But if more pictures can be analyzed, it could further help for estimating original landscape of Wolji-pond.

조경사에 있어서 새로운 접근방법의 모색 (2) - 회귀분석과 시계열 분석을 통한 조원사 연구 동향 분석에 대하여 -

안계복(Gye Bog Ahn),김윤하(Kim Yoon Ha) 한국전통조경학회 1996 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.14 No.1

N/A N/A

성당 옥외공간 개선방안에 관한 연구 ( I ) - 성모상을 중심으로 물리적 요소들의 상관관계 분석 -

안계복(Gye Bog Ahn),엄붕훈(Boong Hoon Eom) 대구가톨릭대학교 인문과학연구소 1986 산업미술 Vol.1 No.-

안압지(雁鴨池) 경관조성(景觀造成) 원리(原理)에 관한 연구(硏究)(2)

안계복 ( Gye Bog Ahn ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2000 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purposes of this study are revealing to adapted design principles in Anapji(pond) design, and making it can be used on the times in which we live. And also, research about what kind of concern the building site for the King of Dragon and Amita belief does have with the landscape of Anapji. The results of the study are followed; I. The flowage of space has been given on the place that is apt to be obstructed like visual terminal point or the terminal of waterscape axis. 2. There are two different axes of waterscape in Anapji. On one of them, we can see the vista of sunrise and moonrise. And this seems that is related to the building site for the King of Dragon. 3. Another axis of them which is guided by 3 islands and crooked shoreline of the pond and reached to the waterfall. And this seems like be related to Amita belief. 4. Some of the purposes of making an island are for the landscaping, screening and controling of the space. 5. It has been pursued the effect of contrast by using of island of crooked shoreline of the pond in order to close or open the space. 6. Seascape was represented by using producing technique that bend the shoreline of the pond. Also, kind of supporting technique that make us to understand the landscaping stone for island through the curves of shoreline. 7. Pocket space is introduced in order to express perspective and the depth of space. 8. The landscapes of Anapji has been repeated openness and enclosure. 9. The building site for the King of Dragon can be concluded that it is highly related with the 4th building site. This site has the highest index of openness. 10. R12 region-East bank of Anapji-can be concluded that it is expressed Amita belief and future from 9 relics of flat relief sculpture of Buddha.

산수유람정원의 거점, 루(樓),정(亭),대(臺)

안계복 ( Gye Bog Ahn ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2004 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.22 No.4

시문분석을 통한 영남루의 경관 특징에 관한 연구

안계복 ( Ahn Gye Bog ) 한국전통조경학회 2014 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 밀양 영남루가 갖고 있는 경관적인 특징을 밝히기 위해 영남루와 관련된 354편의 시문에 대한 핵심어(keyword) 분석과 시문 요소 분석, 그리고 보조적으로 CAD를 활용한 지형분석과 고지도 분석을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 영남루 시문에 대한 핵심어를 분석해 보면 명승이 56회, 장강(長江)과 장림(長林)이 39회, 최고 제일경관이 31회, 큰 들판 조망경관이 19회, 천겹 산악경관이 14회로 나타났는데, 이것을 모두 합치면 159회로 전체 시문의 44.9%에 해당한다. 영남루 시문에 나타난 자연요소를 분석해 본 결과 자연현상(44%), 지형(33%), 식물(14%), 동물(9%) 순이었는데, 자연현상 가운데에는 특히 하늘(天)이 41회로 제일 많았는데, 이것은 영남루의 ‘天’의 경관이 뛰어나기 때문이다. 또 영남루 지형경관의 특징은 ‘강 흐름’과 ‘모래섬’이었다. 또한 영남루에서는 악기 출현빈도(8%)가 높아 다양한 악기를 공연하는 공간이었다. 이러한 특징들 때문에 영남루가 고려시대부터 제일가는 누각이라는 평가를 받아왔다. The purpose of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics of Youngnam-Lu by performing text analysis of related Korean poems over 600 years. A total of 354 poems were quantitatively analyzed for keywords and terms in particular categories such as nature. As a subsidiary analysis, topographic map was examined using CAD along with analysis of antique maps. Of the 354 poems reviewed, keywords frequently used are: ‘Scenic sites’- 56 times, ‘Long river’ (長江) and ‘Long stretched forest’(長林) - 39 times each, ‘Superb scenery’- 31 times, ‘Large field scenery’- 19 times, and ‘Thousand-layered mountain view’ - 14 times. In total, these keywords occurred 159 times in 44.9 % of these poems. The words used frequently in these poems, especially for those fall under category of nature, can be scored into different subcategories such as natural phenomena and geographical features. Occurrences of terms in each subcategory were main criteria for the analysis and the following is a list of subcategories with frequency in descending order: Natural phenomena (44%), geographical features (33%), plants (14%), and animals (9%). Among natural phenomena, phenomena related to sky were most frequent, 41 times, which might be due to superb sky view from Youngnam-Lu. Also geographical features of Youngnam-Lu were reflected in these poems, and the most prominent features were ‘flow of the river’ and ‘Sand island’ located in the Milyang River. These poems contained fairly large number of terms related to musical instruments (8%) which suggest that Young-Nam-Lu was a place where various musical instruments performances were held.

경남지방 별서의 경관적 특징에 관한 연구

안계복 ( Gye Bog Ahn ),오태호 ( Tae Ho Oh ) 한국전통조경학회 2010 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.28 No.4

별서(別墅)란 ``본채와 나누어져 있는 별도의 장소에 거처할 곳``을 만든 것을 의미한다. 경상남도의 별서 건축물인 정자의 평면형태를 조사한 결과, 다른 지방과 달리 모든 형태(중심형, 편심형, 분리형, 무실형)들이 모두 고르게 나타나는 것이 특징이었다. 또한 별서의 가장 대표적인 입지유형은 "강변에 절벽이 있는 언덕 위"라고 할 수 있다. 경남지방의 별서는 수경(水景)과 더불어 바위경관(암경 巖景)이 중요한 특징을 나타내는 역할을 한다. 별서의 수경관 구조는 하천이나 계류와 연계된 "폭포+소+급류"의 구조가 가장 대표적이다. 별서의 바위경관은 인위적으로 석가산을 쌓거나 돌을 배치하기보다 자연에 있는 암반과 바위, 대(臺)를 이용하는 경우가 훨씬 많다. 경남지방의 별서는 주로 원경(遠景)과 다경(多景)을 경관처리기법으로 사용하였으며, 별서의 평균조망거리는 5.6km이다. ``Byeolseo(別墅)`` means a kind of building that is built where is separated from main house. From the results of our field investigation, we could see that every type of the Jungja(亭子) a kind of Byeolseo-building in Gyoungnam Province. And the types of building plan found are center-focused room, eccentric room, seperated room, and the one without room. And also, we could find that the most representative location type of Byeolseo is on the hill where the cliff is on the riverside. That is, both waterscape and rockscape play an important role in the composition of landscape treatment of Byeolseo in Gyoungnam Province. In waterscape, "waterfall+swamp+fast-flowing stream"structure which is connected with river or mountain stream is found prominently, and in the case of rockscape, bedrocks, boulders, and Dae(臺) that are present in nature are used prevalently rather than an artificial hill or disposing rocks on purpose. Treating and disposing landscape of Byeolseo in Gyoungnam Province, the perspective view(average perspective distance is 5.6km) and several axes of view are used.