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        「창원군내(昌原郡內) 성지조사(城址調査) 보고(報告)」

        정중환 ( Jung Hwan Cheong ),조계찬 ( Ge Chan Cho ),심봉근 ( Bong Gun Sim ) 동아대학교 석당학술원 1977 石堂論叢 Vol.1 No.-

        This is the report about the castles in Chang won Region Kyoungnam povince. These castles are divided in flat. flat-mountain, mountain and Japanese styles, and were built during from the Three Kingdom Period to Yi dynasty. The characterlistics are as follows; 1) Flat and flat-mountain styles: The fort like Zamasan castle built during the Three Kingdom Period doesn`t have particular characteristics in structure. It is just a small-scale castle built with either stones or soils according to its circumstances, on the steeped spot of a mountain. About old Chinhae Castle, Chang won Castle, and Yeuchang Castle, built between Unified Silla dynasty and Korea dynasty, it is to make a fort with stones or soils to the foot of the mountain or hill along the mountain line. In case of stone-built ones, there are oval trenches on the twice-folded foundation around the four corners with the curved fort on the top and at the angled parts, and fields for agriculture inside the castle. The castle over all looked like an oval style with wooden fences, if it is especially an earthen one. Square stone-castle in the flat area like those of Ungchun, Jindong, Kaduck-jin, Chunsung and oval-stone castle on the slope in the hill like those of Angoljin, Jemulpo are the styles made in from late Korea to Yi dynasty. There didn`t appear much difference in structure and building-method. But the earthen castles decrease in number while curved castles increase, and the center of the castle was removed from hill to flat-area. The scale of it became larger and the transition from oval to square ones is the chief characteristics of Yi dynasty. 2) Japanese-style Castles: Japanese-style castles built during Hideyoshi-invasion war (1592-1599) by Japanese for their long-time stationing were built on their own method. They first made HONMARU with irregular square stones on the made-flat area in the top of the mountain facing the coast-line, and arranged NINOMARU and SANNOMARU with stones or earthen materials for protecting it from outside attack and dug underground tunnel from HOMMARU to the beach. 3) Mountain Castles: Mountain Castles without any particular characteristics in structure had been built and rebuilt from the Three Kingdom Period to Yi dynasty. It was built with stones and soils in length with a pleateau in the centre. Even if there are some defects in structure only for the temporary use during war time, the scale is large enongh for the accomcdation of a large crowd.

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