사람 혈청의 Alkaline Phosphatase 에 대한 Ferrous 및 Ferric 이온과 여러 계면활성제의 영향

신현수,조기승 ( Hyun Soo Shin,Key Seung Cho ) 생화학분자생물학회 1984 BMB Reports Vol.17 No.2

Alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of human serum was shown to have a maximum activity with glycine buffer at pH 9. 8 and had a still high activity even with low and a little high temperature of 50℃. Although the enzyme was inhibited seriously in the presence of Cu^(++) and Fe^(++) ions, other cations tested showed little inhibition or activation effects. In comparison of Fe^(++) and Fe^(+++) ion`s effect on enzyme activity, Fe^(++) ion inhibited strongly, on the other hand, the enzyme was activated meaningfully by the addition of Fe^(+++) ion. This result suggested the possibility that ferrous and ferric ions in hemoglobin and methemoglobin, respectively, could control this enzyme activity in the blood stream. In the presence of EDTA, the enzyme activity was elevated significantly with both of Fe^(++) and Fe^(++) ions by the change of preincubation conditions, but EDTA itself had a property to inhibit completely the activity. Among several detergents tested, low concentration of palmitoylcarnitine, ginseng saponin and triton X-100 stimulated significantly the enzyme activity in the experimental conditions used, but the inhibition was shown in high concentration of above detergents and sodium deoxycholate.

나노결정 InGaZnO 산화물 박막트랜지스터와 비결정 InGaZnO 산화물 박막트랜지스터의 소자 신뢰성에 관한 비교 연구

신현수,안병두,임유승,김현재,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Ahn, Byung-Du,Rim, Yoo-Seung,Kim, Hyun-Jae 한국전기전자재료학회 2011 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6

In this paper, we have compared amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) with the nano-crystalline embedded-IGZO ($N_c$-embedded-IGZO) TFT fabricated by solid-phase crystallization (SPC) technique. The field effect mobility (${\mu}_{FE}$) of $N_c$-embedded-IGZO TFT was 2.37 $cm^2/Vs$ and the subthreshold slope (S-factor) was 0.83 V/decade, which showed lower performance than those of a-IGZO TFT (${\mu}_{FE}$ of a-IGZO was 9.67 $cm^2/Vs$ and S-factor was 0.19 V/decade). This results originated from generation of oxygen vacancies in oxide semiconductor and interface between gate insulator and semiconductor due to high temperature annealing process. However, the threshold voltage shift (${\Delta}V_{TH}$) of $N_c$-embedded-IGZO TFT was 0.5 V, which showed 1 V less shift than that of a-IGZO TFT under constant current stress during $10^5$ s. This was because there were additionally less increase of interface trap charges in Nc-embedded-IGZO TFT than a-IGZO TFT.

사람 혈청의 Alkaline Phosphatase에 대한 Ferrous 및 Ferric 이온과 여러 계면활성제의 영향

신현수,조기승,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Cho, Key-Seung 생화학분자생물학회 1984 한국생화학회지 Vol.17 No.2

사람 혈청의 alkaline phosphatase는 glycine buffer, pH 9.8에서 최고 활성도를 보였고, 저온이나 $50^{\circ}C$의 약간 높은 온도에서도 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. 여러 양이온에 대한 효과를 보면 $Cu^{++}$ 및 $Fe^{}$ 등에 의해서만 심한 저해 효과를 나타냈을 뿐, 시험한 다른 이온들은 약간의 저해 혹은 활성 효과를 나타냈다. $Fe^{++}$이온과 $Fe^{}$이온의 영향을 비교해 본 결과 $Fe^{++}$이온에 의해서는 심한 저해 효과를 보인 반면, $Fe^{}$이온은 현저한 활성 효과를 나타냈는데, 이 결과는 혈액내에서 hemoglobin과 methemoglobin의 ferrous 및 ferric 이온에 의해 효소의 활성도가 control될 수 있을 것이라는 점을 암시해 주고 있다. 한펀 EDTA 존재하에서의 $Fe^{++}$와 $Fe^{}$이온의 영향은 preincubation조건에 따라 두 이온이 모두 활성 효과를 보였는데, EDTA 단독 존재하에서는 철저한 저해 효과를 보였다. 여러 계면활성제의 영향을 보면, 저농도의 palmitoylcarnitine, 인삼 saponin 및 TX-100 등이 현저한 효소 활성 효과를 나타냈고, SDS는 약간의 활성 효과를 SDC는 저해 효과를 보여 주었다. Alkaline phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.1) of human serum was shown to have a maximum activity with glycine buffer at pH 9.8 and had a still high activity even with low and a little high temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. Although the enzyme was inhibited seriously in the presence of $Cu^{++}$ and $Fe^{++}$ ions, other cations tested showed little inhibition or activation effects. In comparison of $Fe^{++}$ and $Fe^{}$ ion's effect on enzyme activity, $Fe^{++}$ ion inhibited strongly, on the other hand, the enzyme was activated meaningfully by the addition of $Fe^{}$ ion. This result suggested the possibility that ferrous and ferric ions in hemoglobin and methemoglobin, respectively, could control this enzyme activity in the blood stream. In the presence of EDTA, the enzyme activity was elevated significantly with both of $Fe^{++}$ and $Fe^{}$ ions by the change of preincubation conditions, but EDTA itself had a property to inhibit completely the activity. Among several detergents tested, low concentration of palmitoylcarnitine, ginseng saponin and triton X-100 stimulated significantly the enzyme activity in the experimental conditions used, but the inhibition was shown in high concentration of above detergents and sodium deoxycholate.

액와 림프절에 전이된 유방암 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료 및 항암 약물 요법의 치료 성적

신현수,서창옥,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Suh, Chang-Ok 대한방사선종양학회 2000 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.18 No.4

목적 : 1983년부터 1988년 사이에 유방암으로 진단받고 근치적 유방절제술을 시행한 환자로써 조직학적으로 액와림프절 전이가 확인된 218명의 환자에서 수술 후 보조적 방사선치료 및 항암약물치료를 시행하였으며 이들 환자를 대상으로 한 치료 결과를 후향적 연구를 통해 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상환자는 3개 군으로 분류하였는데, 1군은 항암약물치료 단독으로 치료한 80명의 환자가 포함되었고 2군은 방사선치료 단독으로 치료한 52명을 포함하였으며 3군은 방사선치료 및 항암약물치료를 병용하여 치료한 86명의 환자를 포함하였다. 이들의 평균 연령은 44세, 27$\~$70세의 연령분포를 보였으며 추적관찰 기간의 중앙값은 51개월이었다. 결과 : 7년 무병생존율 및 전체생존율은 각각 56$\%$와 67$\%$이었으며, 각 치료군에 따른 생존율은 1군에서는 50$\%$와 56$\%$, 2군은 51$\%$와 65$\%$, 3군은 62$\%$와 75$\%$이었다. 국소재발율은 13$\%$이었으며 원격전이율은 33$\%$ 이었다. 방사선치료가 포함되었던 2군과 3군에서는 국소재발 위험이 낮았으나(p<0.05) 원격전이율의 차이는 없었다. 단변량분석에서 무병 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자로서는 액와 림프절 양성 비율이었으며 전체생존율에 있어서는 원발 병소 크기, 액와 림프절 전이 개수 및 양성 비율, 병기가 관련있는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 다변량분석에서는 치료방법만이 의미있는 예후인자임을 알 수 있었다. 전체 치료실패율과 원격전이율에 영향을 주는 예후인자는 액와 림프절 양성 비율이었으며 국소재발율은 치료방법이 의미있는 예후인자임을 알 수 있었다. 결론 : 결론적으로 이러한 결과는 폐경전 환자, 액와 림프절 전이 개수가 4개 이상이거나 양성 비율이 1/3이상인 환자에서 수술 후 방사선치료가 시행된 경우 국소재발율을 감소시킨다는 사실을 보여주고 있다. 또한 종양의 크기가 2$\~$5 cm, IIB 병기 및 액와 림프절 전이 개수가 4개 이상이거나 양성 비율이 1/3이상인 환자에서 수술후 보조적 치료로써 방사선치료/항암약물치료 병용요법이 가장 효과적인 치료방법임을 알 수 있었다. Purpose : Between January 1983 and December 1988, 218 female Patients with known breast cancer and positive axillary nodes were treated with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy following radical mastectomy. Treatment results were retrospectively analysed at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University of College of Medicine. Materials and Methods : The patients were classified into 3 groups; group I included II patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone; in group 2, 52 patients treated with radiotherapy alone; and in group 3, n patients treated with combined chemo-radiotherapy. The mean age was 44 years and ranged from 27 to 70. The median follow-up time was 51 months. Results :Seven-year relapse free and overall survival rates were 56$\%$ and 67$\%$; in group 1, 50$\%$ and 56$\%$ in group 2, 51$\%$ and 65$\%$ and in group 3, 62$\%$ and 75$\%$ respectively. This difference was not statistically significant(p<0.05). The loco-regional failure rates were 13$\%$ and distant failure rates were 33$\%$. There was less risk of loco-regional failure in group 2 and 3 which included radiotherapy (p<0.05). But there was no significantly difference in the rates of distant failure( p>0.05). By univariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor affecting relapse-free survival was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the overall survival significantly correlated with the primary tumor site, the number or percentage of positive axillary nodes, and stage. But in multivariate analysis, the only significant prognostic factor was treatment modality. By univariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the rates of overall failure and distant failure, the significant prognostic factors was the percentage of positive axillary nodes; and the risk of the loco-regional failure significantly correlated with the treatment modality. Conclusion :In conclusion, these results suggest a potential for decreasing the risk of loco-regional failure with the addition of postoperative radiotherapy to chemotherapy in the premenopausal patients, and in the patients with number or percentage of positive nodes more than 4 or 1/3. The results of this study suggest that the combined chemo-radiotherapy as adjuvant treatment following radical mastectomy was the most effective modaliw in groups of 2$\~$5 cm sized tumor, stage IIB, and in patients with more than 4 or 1/3 of number or percentage of positive nodes.

한국 모유의 Lactoferrin 분리와 분만회수 및 연령에 따른 함량 변화에 관한 연구

신현수,임종우 ( Hyun Soo Shin,Jong Woo Lim ) 한국낙농학회 1997 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

Treatment Result in Advanced T3 and T4 Glottic Carcinoma: YUMC Experience

신현수,이형식,정은지,김귀언,노준규,서창옥,김광문,홍원표,Shin Hyun Soo,Lee Hyung Sik,Chung Eun Ji,Kim Gwi Eon,Loh Juhn Kyu,Suh Chcng Ok,Kim Kwang Hoon,Hong Won Pyo The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.2

1980년 1월부터 1988년 9월사이에 연세대학병원, 연세암센터 치료방사선과 및 이비인후과에서 치료받았던 68예의 T3, T4병기의 성문암 환자를 대상으로 후향적분석을 하였다. 이 중 34명은 방사선 치료 단독으로 치료하였고 34명은 성문절제술후 방사선치료를 하였으며 이들 환자의 최소 추적기간은 2년이었고 54명 $(79\%)$에서 5년 추적조사가 가능하였다. 치료후 국소관해율은 방사선치료 단독군에서는 $51\%$, 수술 및 수술후 방사선치료군에서는 $79\%$이었고 임파절 음성군에서는$72\%,\;76\%$였으며 임파절 양성군에서는$31\%,\;81\%$이었다. 이들의 치료실패요인은 대부분 국소 국한적 이었고 30명 $(44\%)$에서 관찰되었다. 치료에 따른 5년 생존율은 방사선치료 단독군에서는 $37\%$, 수술 및 수술후 방사선치료군에서는 $76\%$로서 T3, T5병기의 성문암환자에 있어서 수술시 행후 방사선치료를 병용하는 복합요법 이 더 좋은 치료결과를 얻을 수 있음을 알았다. 그러나 임파절 음성군에서는 방사선치료 단독군과 수술 및 수술 후 방사선치료군을 비교해 본 결과 5년 생존율이 $55\%$와 $73\%$로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 따라서 본 저자들은 T3, T4병기의 성문암치료시 수술 및 방사선치료 병용요법이 더 좋은 치료결과 를 얻을 수 있지만 임파절 음성군에서는 기능적인 보존측면에서 방사선치료가 일차적 차료방법으로서 효과적이리라 사료된다. Between January 1980 and September 1988,08 patients with advanced T3 & T4 glottic carcinoma were treated with RT and surgery/RT in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center and ENT, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The mean age was 60 years old (range 33 to 79 years old). The 34 patients were treated with irradiation alone, and the remaining 34 patients with surgery and irradiation. Initial nodal presentation was $37\% (25/68);\;31\%$ (l1/34) in RT alone group and $41\%$ (14/34) in combined treatment group. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. The local control rate after treatment was $47\%$ in RT alone group and $65\%$ in combined treatment group; $57\%$ for node negative and $27\%$ for node positive patients treated with RT alone; $65\%$ for node negative and $54\%$ for node positive patients treated with combined treatment. The treatment failure was observed in 30 patients; 14 patients for primary local failure, 6 patients for regional nodal failure,5 patients for local and regional failure, 26 patients for primary failure and/or distant metastasis, and 2 patient for regional failure and/or distant metastasis. The overall 5-year suwival rate was $57\%;\;37\%$ in RT alone group and $70\%$ in combined treatment group; $55\%$ for node negative and $20\%$ for node positive patients treated with RT alone; $73\%$ for node negative and $77\%$ for node positive patients treated with combined treatment. In conclusion, the combined treatment groups in the treatment of advanced 73 and 74 glottic cancer showed the better results in local control rates and S-year actuarial survival rates than RT alone group. We suggest that total laryngectomy and postoperative RT in the most patients of advanced glottic cancer were performed. However, in cases of node negative patints, RT alone is prefer as a treatment modality over combined surgery and RT since the treatment results were comparable and furthermore functional preservation could be achieved.

국소적으로 진행된 담낭암에서 방사선치료의 역할

신현수,성진실,Shin, Hyun-Soo,Seong, Jin-Sil 대한방사선종양학회 2000 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.18 No.4

목적 : 1990년부터 1996년 사이에 담낭암으로 진단받은 72명의 환자를 대상으로 각 치료방법에 따른 생존율 및 예후인자를 분석하기 위하여 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상 환자는 치료방법에 따라 4개의 군으로 분류하였는데, 1군은 고식적 수술 단독으로 치료한 27명의 환자가 포함되었고 2군은 고식적 수술후 방사선치료를 시행한 환자 11명, 3군은 수술적 절제가 불가능하여 조직검사나 우회수술(bypass surgery)만 시행한 환자 18명, 4군은 3군과 같은 수술 시행후 방사선치료를 시행하였던 환자 16명을 포함하였다. 대상환자의 연령은 35~80세(평균 63세)이었고 병기는 TNM 병기 및 Nevin 병기체계에 따라 분류하였는데, 대부분 병기 111 이상으로 진행된 병기임을 알 수 있었다. 고식적 수술이 시행되었던 38명중 11명에서 추가적인 방사선치료가 시행되었으며 수술이 시행되지 않은 34명중 16명에서 방사선치료를 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 10 MV 선형가속기를 이용하여 종양 및 주변 림프절에 45$\~$61.2 Gy를 조사하였다. 항암약물치료는 5-FU를 근간으로 한 복합약제를 사용하여 25명의 환자에서 시행하였다. 결과 : 중앙 생존기간은 10.3개월이었으며 3년 생존율은 8.3$\%$ 이었다 치료방법에 따른 생존율을 살펴보면 고식적 수술 단독의 경우 3년 생존율은 2.5$\%$인 반면에 고식적 수술후 방사선치료를 시행한 경우에는 45.5$\%$이었다. 치료를 시행하지 않았던 환자의 3년 생존율은 8.3$\%$이었고 방사선치료 시행한 환자에서는 13.1$\%$이었다. 각 군간의 생존율은 통계학적으로 의미있는 차이를 보였다(p=0.0009, p=0.022). 치료방법 이외에 의미있는 예후인자로서 단변량분석에서는 종양의 형태 및 TNM 병기이었고 다변량분석에서는 종양의 형태 및 황달 유무임을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 방사선치료는 국소적으로 진행되어 근치적 수술이 불가능한 담낭암에서 생존율의 향상을 기대할 수 있는 효과적인 치료방법으로 생각된다. Purpose :A retrospective review of 72 patients with locally advanced gallbladder carcinoma, between January 1990 and December 1996, was peformed. Survival results and prognostic factors are analyzed for the patients treated with a various modalities. Materials and Methods :We patients were classified by treatment modality: group 1 included to 27 patients treated with palliative surgery alone, and group 2 for 11 patient treated with palliative surgery and radiotherapy; group 3 for 18 patients not treated by any treatment modality, and group 4 for 16 patients treated with radiotherapy alone. Age distribution ranged from 35 to 80 years with mean of 63 years. The stage was classified by TNM and Nevin's staging system; all patients had an advanced stage more than III. Palliative surgery was done in .: patients and adiuvant radiation therapy (RT) was followed in 11. For 34 patients, in whom no resection was tried, definitive RT was done in 16. Radiation delivered to tumor site and draining nodes up to 45~61.2 Gy using 10 MV linear accelerator. Chemotherapy was given to 25 patients with 5-FU based regimens. Results :Modian suwival time was 10.3 months and 3-year survival rates (3-YSR) were 13.0$\%$ in all patients. Survival rates according to the treatment modalities were as followed; in palliative surgery alone, 3-YSR was 2.5$\%$; in palliative surgery and adjuvant RT, 3-YSR was 45.5$\%$, in no treatment group, 3-VSR were 8.3$\%$; and definitive RT was 13.1$\%$. It was better survival in additional RT after palliative surgery group than palliative surgery alone (p=0.0009). It was better survival in definitive RT group than no treatment group (p=0.002). Significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis were treatment moonlities, the type of tumor and TNM stage. Significant prognostic factors by multivariate analysis were treatment modalities, the type of tumor and the presence of jaundice. Conclusion : It is suggested that RT could be potentially of effective as adjuvant treatment modalities after palliative surgery or primary treatment for locally advanced and unresectable gallbladder carcinoma.

비선형 평활화와 통계적 상관성에 기반을 둔 인식성능 개선

신현수(Hyun-Soo Shin),조용현(Yong-Hyun Cho) 한국지능시스템학회 2012 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

본 논문에서는 영상의 비선형 평활화와 특징들의 통계적 상관성에 기반을 둔 조합형 인식성능 개선기법을 제안하였다. 여기서 비선형 평활화는 로지스틱 함수에 기반을 둔 히스토그램 재조정의 전처리 기법으로 영상의 밝기를 조정하여 화질을 개선하기 위함이다. 통계적 상관성은 정규상호상관계수에 의해 측정되며, 이는 유사도를 좀 더 빠르고 정확하게 측정하기 위함이다. 또한 독립성분분석에 의한 국부적인 특징들을 대상으로 정규상호상관을 계산함으로써 좀 더 정확한 유사도를 통계적으로 측정하기 위함이다. 제안된 기법을 30개 40*50픽셀의 명암도 변화를 가지는 얼굴영상들을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 전처리를 하지 않은 기법이나 기존 및 적응적 변형히스토그램 평활화에 의한 전처리 기법에 비해 각각 영상의 속성을 잘 반영한 우수한 인식성능이 있음을 확인하였다. This paper presents a hybrid method for improving the recognition performance, which is based on the nonlinear histogram equalization, features extraction, and statistical correlation of images. The nonlinear histogram equalization based on a logistic function is applied to adaptively improve the quality by adjusting the brightness of the image according to its intensity level frequency. The statistical correlation that is measured by the normalized cross-correlation(NCC) coefficient, is applied to rapidly and accurately express the similarity between the images. The local features based on independent component analysis(ICA) that is used to calculate the NCC, is also applied to statistically measure the correct similarity in each images. The proposed method has been applied to the problem for recognizing the 30-face images of 40*50 pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a superior recognition performances to the method without performing the preprocessing, or the methods of conventional and adaptively modified histogram equalization, respectively.

기독교적 관점에서 본 경제적 빈곤

신현수(Hyun Soo Shin) 한국사회이론학회 2006 사회이론 Vol.- No.29

21세기 한국 교회 사역의 방향

신현수(Hyun Soo Shin) 한국인문사회과학회 2006 현상과 인식 Vol.30 No.3

In the 21st century Korean Churches face a new situation which is the result of a rapid social change. Korean Churches' ministry cannot be seen in separation from the new situation. It is an effort to apply the word of God in real life. In relation to the new context, this article explores the basic directions of the ministry. It demonstrates that Korean Churches' ministry is directed to conformity to the image of Christ. Christian ministry is in essence to actualize God's salvation. From the perspective of theological anthropology this salvation can be defined as the restoration of God's image. The reality of the restoration can be seen in Christ' image. Christ is the perfect image of God. Thus, Korean Churches have to focused on the conformity to Christ' image. This study deals with the following themes. First of all, the characteristics of the situation which Korean Churches face in the 21st century are analyzed as follows:the tendency of entertainment-focused understanding of Christian faith, the light treatment of the integrity of human life, the weakening of community spirit, relativistic understanding of truth, secularization of the Church, globalization, environmental disruption and so on. Next, the essence of Christian ministry is explored. It is argued as the actualization of God's holistic salvation, and the restoration of God's image. Based on this theoretical exploration, a consideration of the practical directions of ministry, on which Korean Churches have to focus, follows. The first is to lead people to have a right relationship with God through the ministry of the gospel. To be bought into a new relationship of love with God is to accept the Lordship of God. The acceptance of God's Lordship implies not only to worship and glorify God as creator and redeemer in Jesus Christ, but also to obey the will of God in all parts of human life in the world. Following the exemplary life of Jesus Christ, Korean Churches as to be directed in its ministry to win souls through preaching the gospel(Kerygma), and to train people to obey the words of God(Didache). The second direction is orientated to the formation of a community of love with neighbors. This community's characteristics include being there for others, self-sacrificial love, mutual serving and openness to all. The third direction is to bring people to hope for the future kingdom of God. It is focused on committing their future to the absolute sovereignty of God. Jesus Christ entirely trusted God the Father to control all things in the future and committed everything to God. This leads to the understanding that Korean churches have to concentrate their ministries on leading people to accept the coming kingdom which God will realize in the future, with open minds.