The Structural Characteristics of the Active Ingredients in Several 'Hot and Warm' Herbal Medicine

신준식,안덕균,박호군,Shin, Joon-Shik,Ahn, Duk-Kyun,Park, Ho-Koon The Society of Korean Medicine 1999 대한한의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

한약(韓藥)의 효능(效能)은 약성(藥性)에 의해 분류(分類)되고 질병(疾病)을 치료(治療)하며 예방(豫防)하는 작용(作用)을 한다. 그러나 약성(藥性) 이론(理論)의 문헌(文獻)과 임상연구(臨床硏究)는 비교적 많지만 상대적으로 실험연구(實驗硏究)는 일부분에 불과하여 효능(效能)을 입증(立證)하는데 어려움이 많다. 이에 저자(著者)는 온열성약(溫熱性藥)들이 지니고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들을 조사(調査)하고 이 온열성약(溫熱性藥)에 함유(含有)되어 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)들의 구조적(構造的)인 특성(特性)과 화학적(化學的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아 온열성약(溫熱性藥)의 분류(分類)에 대한 일반적(一般的)인 기준(基準)을 제시(提示)하고자 하였다. 그 결과 각각의 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)들이 함유(含有)하고 있는 유효(有效) 성분(成分)간의 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)을 찾아내었으며 구조적(構造的)인 공통점(共通點)으로부터 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 열성약(熱性藥) 중에서 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)의 효능을 나타내는 유효 성분(成分)들은 C19-diterpenoid alkaloid과 C20-diterpenoid alkaloid 계열의 구조(構造)를 지닌 화합물들로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 이 디테르펜 알카로이드(diterpene alkaloid)들의 경우 고리의 구조(構造)가 aconitane(1), hetisan(16)과 7,20-cycloveatchane(17)의 기본골격(基本骨格)을 지니고 있으며, 이 두 가지 기본구조(基本構造)의 공통점(共通點)은 A 고리에 질소를 포함한 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl의 부분구조를 갖고 있으며, 이 부분 구조는 자연계에 존재하는 tropane alkaloid들의 기본구조(基本構造)와 유사하다. Tropane alkaloid들은 중추신경계에 작용하는 약물들로 알려져 있으며, tropane alkaloid는 일반적으로 anatoxin a(171)와 같이 강(强)한 독성(毒性)을 나타내며, 부자(附子)와 초오(草烏)가 지니고 있는 강한 독성(毒性)은 바로 2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanyl 구조(構造)에 기인하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 2. 육계(肉桂)에 주성분으로 함유(含有)되어 있는 cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 분자 내에 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 구조를 지니고 있다. 3. Cinncassiol(47) 화합물(化合物)들은 강(强)한 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있는데, cinncassiol(47) 화합물들이 지니고 있는 구조적인 특성인 bicyclo-[4.3.0]-nonanyl과 bicyclo-[3.3.0]-octanyl의 기본 혹은 부분 고리구조는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들 중에서 많이 발견되며, 이러한 구조(構造)를 지니고 있는 sesquiterpenoid 화합물(化合物)과 diterpenoid 화합물(化合物)들도 좋은 항균력(抗菌力)을 보이고 있다. 이러한 공통(共通)된 구조상(構造上)의 유사점(類似點)이 항균력(抗菌力)을 나타내는 지표로서 활용 가능성이 기대된다. 4. 온성약(溫性藥)의 경우, 백지(白芷)의 coumarin(39) 화합물(化合物)들과 furocoumarin(61) 화합물(化合物)들, 건량(乾量)의 gingerol(87), shogaol(93), gingerdiol(95) 등과 capsaicin(102), 마황(麻黃)의 ephedrine(124) 계렬(系列) 화합물(化合物)들, 세신(細辛)의 methyleugenol(136)과 asaricin(137)의 구조(構造)에서 발견(發見)할 수 있는 공통적(共通的)인 요소는 phenolic 또는 methoxyphenyl의 공통구조를 지니고 있다. 온성약(溫性藥)의 유효성분들은 공통적으로 phenolic aromatic 화합물(化合物)을 함유(含有)하고 있다. 따라서, 열성약(熱性藥)과 온성약(溫性藥)은 주성분(主成分)들의 분포(分布)가 각

막스 베버의 도교론에 관한 연구

신준식(Shin, Joon-Shik) 한국이론사회학회 2007 사회와 이론 Vol.10 No.-

The Structural Characteristics of the Active Ingredients in Several Hot and Warm Herbal Medicine

Joon-Shik Shin(申俊湜),Duk-Kyun Ahn(安德均),Ho-Koon Park(朴虎君) 대한한의학회 1999 대한한의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

요추간판탈출증(腰椎間板脫出症) 환자(患者)의 추나치료(推拿治療) 효과(效果)에 대(對)한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察)

김수장,장형석,김성용,신준식,Kim, Su-Jang,Jang, Hyeong-Seok,Kim, Sung-Yong,Shin, Joon-Shik 척추신경추나의학회 2001 대한추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objectives : The aim of present study is to estimate clinical outcome of Chuna treatment and Chuna medicine treatment for patients with H.I.V.D(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) of lumbar spine according to the character of patients and the steps of Chuna therapy, and therefore suggest a prospective, desirable Chuna treatment and patient guidance. Methods : We investigated the 258 cases of outpatients who were diagnosed as the H.I.V.D. on lumbar C.T. or MRI and were treated more than seven times with chuna treatment and more than one time with Chuna medicine treatment In Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital from September 1, 1999 to December 31, 2000. We evaluated the subjective symptoms by Hudgin's classification. For the sake of the more objective evaluation for before and after treatment, we calculated the Improvement index and ratio of the four parts to estimate the pain and functional disorder In before and after treatment by Macnab's criteria. Results & Conclusion : The improvement index and ratio showed that the conservative therapy with Chuna therapy improved the symptom of H.I.V.D. much effectively, and especially in the patient groups of male, 30-39 years, standing Job, duration of symptom within one week, the 4th step of chuna treatment, the first step of chuna medicine treatment, and the excellent satisfactory assessment of Chuna treatment. Therefore, it is supposed that the conservative therapy with Chuna therapy and patient guidance should be much actively continued.

동기침법(動氣鍼法)을 이용한 악관절(顎關節) 장애(障碍) 환자(患者)의 임상적(臨床的) 관찰(觀察)

왕오호,임진강,안규범,장형석,신준식,Wang, Wu-Hao,Lim, Jin-Kang,Ahn, Kyu-Beom,Jang, Hyoung-Seok,Shin, Joon-Shik 대한침구의학회 2001 대한침구의학회지 Vol.18 No.5

Objective : The purpose of This study is to analyze influence of functional and clinical improvement effect on temporomandibular disorders of Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment that often be used to temporomandibular disorder patients. Methods : We investigated to focus temporomandibular disorders in Jaseng oriental medicine hospital from September 8, 2000 to March 22, 2001. We compared to before and after treatment situation using temporomandibular disease & facial ache dolor pain and malignant function disorders & activation inhibition analysis from one cured Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment of outpatients-40 examples. Results : These results appeared that Sex distinction occurrence ratio was much more female than male of 1: 7. Age distinction occupied the most ratio in 20-30 generation. Jobs was mainly ranked students and companion. In cases treated before visiting our hospital, was mainly ranked our hospital first dignosis. the distribution interval of solider was mainly followed above 3 years. the distribution interval of treatment was mainly gone within 1 month and above 3 month, frequency of treatment was examined below 5 times, into 6 to 10 times, more than 11 times, respectively. Everything showed a very valuable effect except chewing and dentalgia in decrease of ache dolor pain and linkage pain related to mal-function. There are meaningful effect in Every part on Mal-function improvement. Every contents showed a very excellent effect except activation such as motivation ingestion and recreation in influence of activation. Conclusion : The above results showed a very valuable treatment effect of temporomandibular disorders on Dong-Qi acupuncture treatment. Therefore we are considered the necessity of continuous study and observation applying to other disease as well as temporomandibular disorders.

Motion Style Treatment로 호전된 족하수 환자 2례 보고

이진호,박종민,정성엽,김성용,신준식,박원상,Lee, Jin-Ho,Park, Jong-Min,Jung, Sung-Yup,Kim, Sung-Yong,Shin, Joon-Shik,Park, Won-Sang 척추신경추나의학회 2005 대한추나의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study is to report the patients with common peroneal nerve palsy, who improved by motion style treatment.(M.S.T.) The clinical study on 2 case of patients with herniation of nucleus pulposus, L4-5, L5-S1 combined foot drop, who had been hospitalized in Ja-Seng Oriental Hospital. We checked the motor grade and subjective improvement at interval of 3days under the treatment of M.S.T. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the movement and power of ankle joint improved to nearly normal range. The subjective improvement was 70% compared with Rt. ankle and range of active motion increased from Gr.1-2 to Gr.4

요추간판탈출증 환자의 요천각, 요추중력중심선 및 요추전만각의 통계적 관찰

고동현(Dong Hyun Koh),홍순성(Soon Sung Hong),이진호(Jin Ho Lee),정성엽(Sung Yub Jung),신준식(Joon Shik Shin) 척추신경추나의학회 2007 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Objectives : The lumbosacral joint is unstable area from an anatomical viewpoint, while it is also a very mobile area in ordinary life, so that clinically major causes of low back pain originate in this joint. The purpose of this study is to assess the difference of the Ferguson’s angles, Lumbar gravity lines, Lumbar lordotic angles among Herniated of Intervertebral Disc(HIVD) patients. Methods : We analyzed the lateral view of lumbar spine checked at erect position on 88 patients who had been diagnosed as HIVD by Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). We investigated the Ferguson’s angle, Lumbar gravity line, Lumbar lordotic angle on X-ray film. Results and Conclusions : In the acute lumbago group the Ferguson’s angle had a tendency to decrease, while in the chronic group it had a tendency to increase. In the acute lumbago group the Lumbar gravity line fell in front of the normal range(sacrum), while in the chronic group it fell behind the normal range(sacrum). In the acute lumbago group the Lumbar lordotic angle usually decreased, while in the chronic group it increased. The Ferguson’ s angle and the Lumbar gravity line, the Ferguson’s angle and the Lumbar lordotic angle, the Lumbar gravity line and Lumbar lordotic angle each had a positive realtionship. The Ferguson’s angle, the Lumbar gravity line and the Lumbar lordotic angle was less influenced by the level of HIVD and was more influenced by how long the patient had the pain. The correlationship between each factor was less in the chronic lumbago group than the acute group. In the chronic lumbago group the instability of the lumbosacral joint increased, while in the acute group the compression of the weight on the sacrum increased.

요통 환자의 유병기간에 따른 심인성 증상척도 변화에 관한 임상적 고찰

최우성 ( Woo Sung Choi ),김규태 ( Kyu Tae Kim ),우인 ( In Woo ),윤문식 ( Moon Shik Yoon ),김성용 ( Sung Yong Kim ),신준식 ( Joon Shik Shin ) 한방재활의학과학회 2005 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives : Low back pain is one of the most common affliction of human being. Generally, it is admitted that psychogenic symptoms increase in chronic low back pain state. To evaluate the mental state according to the duration of low back pain, the authors surveyed low back pain patients with Symptoms Check List for Minor Psychiatric Disorders(SCL-MPD). Materials and Methods : SCL-MPD was presented to objects who visited our department for low back pain, and divided into two groups by duration. One group was acute low back pain patient(.6 weeks) and the other was chronic low back pain patient(.3 months). 104 patients completed SCL-MPD questionnaire. Then we set a control group(50 objejts) and analysed the difference of psychogenic symptoms between three groups. Results : There was significant difference between ALBP(acute low back pain patient) and CLBP(chronic low back pain patient) group in 5 dimensions(p<0.01) and 4 dimensions(p<0.05), CLBP and Control group in 9 dimensions(p<0.01) and 1 dimension (p<0.05), control and ALBP group in 2 dimensions(p<0.01) and 1 dimension(p<0.05). When it comes to comparison of sex, there was significant difference between men and women group in 3 dimensions(p<0.05) in control group, only in 1 dimension(p<0.05) in ALBP group and 4 dimensions (p<0.01) and 2 dimensions(p<0.05) in CLBP group. In the rank of all dimensions Hypochondriacal and Neurasthenic, Somatization were in high predominant position. Conclusions : These results showed that the psychological symptoms increase according to the duration of low back pain, and it is more prominent in women.

교통사고 기왕력 유무에 따른 만성 요통 환자의 심인성 증상척도 변화에 대한 연구 - 성별에 따른 비교를 중심으로

최우성 ( Woo Sung Choi ),이진호 ( Jin Ho Lee ),고동현 ( Dong Hyun Ko ),김규태 ( Kyu Tae Kim ),윤유석 ( You Suk Youn ),신준식 ( Joon Shik Shin ) 한방재활의학과학회 2007 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Objectives: To evaluate and understand the difference of psychogenic state of low back pain patients according to traffic accident history, the authors surveyed patients with Symptoms Check List for Minor Psychiatric Disorders(SCL-MPD). Methods : SCL-MPD was presented to objects who visited our department for low back pain, and divided into two groups. One group had a traffic accident history and the other didn`t. All of them were on the chronic stage of low back pain(.3 months). 105 patients completed SCL-MPD questionnaire. Then we analysed the difference of psychogenic symptoms between those groups. Results : There was significant difference between T.A. group(Low back pain patients caused by traffic accident) and Non-T.A. group(Low back pain patients caused not by traffic accident) group in SOM.(Somatization), ANX.(Anxiety) dimensions(p<0.01) and O-C.(Obsessive-compulsive), NEU.(Neurasthenic), General dimensions(p<0.05). When it comes to comparison of sex, there was significant difference between male and female in ANX., DEP.(Depression), A-H.(Anger-hostality), P-A.(Phobic-anxiety) dimensions(p<0.01) and SOM., O-C., NEU. dimensions(p<0.05) in T.A. group. Also in Non-T.A. group, there was significant difference in SOM., ANX., DEP., General dimensions(p<0.01) and P-A., O-C. dimensions (p<0.05) between male and female. But there was not a significant difference in female group between T.A. and Non-T.A. group. Likewise only SOM. dimension, there was a significant difference(p<0.01) in male group between T.A. and Non-T.A. group. Conclusions : These results showed that the psychological symptoms are differs from the history of traffic accident

막스 베버의 佛敎論에 관한 연구Ⅱ : 그의 大乘佛敎論을 중심으로 focused of Max Weber's Mahayana Buddhism

辛俊植 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2001 社會科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

本稿는 막스 베버의 佛敎論 中 大乘佛敎를 중심으로 하여 연구한 것이다. 대승불교의 출현은 인도 古代佛敎의 분열과 깊은 관계가 있다. 하지만 베버는 대승불교의 출현을 발전적 적응과정으로 보았다. 고대 불교에서 戒律과 敎義 등의 문제로 교도들간의 분열이 일어났다. 이러한 분열의 계기로 대승불교는 佛滅 100여 년경에 발생하여 佛滅 400여 년경에 이르러서는 크게 발전한 불교의 大 宗派가 되었다. 이 대승불교는 中國과 韓國 그리고 日本에 포교되는 등 크게 발달하였다. 그런데 이 대승불교는 브라만 철학의 영향으로 瞑想과 知識이 중요시되었고 깨달은 자에게는 주술적 힘을 얻게 된다는 것이다. 이러한 요인으로 주술과 우상숭배 등이 대승불교 안으로 들어오게 되었다. 그래서 일반 백성들은 超人的인 奇蹟行을 행할 능력이 있는 사람이나 주술에 대해서 순종하였다. 베버는 이러한 상황이 세속 전체를 엄청난 주술의 세계로 만들었다는 것이다. 그리고 그는 대승불교의 哲學的이고 精神主義的인 救援論과 呪術的 生活態度로서는 세속 내에서 합리적 생활 양식을 확립할 수가 없었다는 것이다. 그리고 특히 대승불교의 그러한 특성 때문에 모든 중생 내지 존재(피조물)와의 내면적 유대 및 그들에 대한 자비심을 갖고서도 平信徒의 合理的 生活 方式을 촉진할 수 없었다고 한다. 그러나 그는 비록 대승불교의 구원 교리가 貴族的 知識人의 구원론에 그쳤다고 하더라도 카스트적 차별을 무시하는 불교의 실천적 결과를 가져왔다는 사실을 중시해야 한다는 것이다.