초음파진동절삭을 이용한 새로운 고정밀가공법의 개발

신봉석,Shin, Bong-Seok 대한기계학회 1977 대한기계학회논문집 Vol.1 No.2

So far, high accuracy in-process sensors have been used for controlling the cutting tool, but the method followed in this new system is guite different form previous processes. In this system, after the rough cut the mark indication the pasition of the finished size in put on the cutting surface of the workpiece by ultrasonic or vibration cutting. The cutting is then continued until the mark just disappears, This position being observed by the used of a simple in-proces sensor, The in-prosess sensor in used only to detect the existence or dis apperance of the mark.

표피종양에서 Syndecan-1, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin 발현에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ),최규철 ( Kyu Chul Choi ),김해련 ( Hae Ryun Kim ),김민성 ( Min Sung Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

Background: Syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin are cell adhesion molecules that are primarily expressed on the surface of adult epithelial cells. The expressions of them appear to be inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness and invasiveness. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expressions of syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin in tissue sections of normal sun-damaged skin, cutaneous premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma in all stages of the evolution of lesions associated with sun exposure. Methods: Ten normal skins from patients with actinic keratosis, 10 cases of seborrheic keratosis, 5 cases of actinic keratosis, 5 cases of Bowen`s disease, 5 cases of keratoacanthoma without dysplatic cells, 5 cases of keratoacanthoma with dysplastic cells in an invasive margin, 5 cases of poor-differentiated squqmous cell carcinoma and 5 cases of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma were investigated. The specimens were assessed for the syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin expressions using a semi-quantitative method in which the intensity of membranous staining was evaluated. Results: In almost all the cases the expression of the E-cadherin and beta-catenin was very similar. These adhesion molecules were progressively reduced in the epidermis of normal sun-damaged skin through premalignant lesions to squamous cell carcinoma. Also, the expression of syndecan-1 was similar to the E-cadherin and beta-catenin expressions except for a normal expression in premalignant lesions. But all three adhesion molecules were diminished with decreasing cell differentiation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that syndecan-1, E-cadherin and beta-catenin are expressed similarly in the epithelium, and that the decreased expression of these adhesion molecules is associated with malignant transformation. (Korean J Dermatol 2011;49(4):309∼317)

Educational Lecture 1-7 (EL 1-7) : Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) in atopic dermatitis

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.1

Downstream regulation: IL-17

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1

Educational Lecture 1-7 (EL 1-7) : Topical and systemic immunosuppresant

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCI) are a relatively new class of drugs used in dermatology. It is used in a topical preparation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis as only approved indication. There are two drug forms available-tacrolimus 0.03% or 0.1% ointment and 1.0% pimecrolimus cream. Tacrolimus acts as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting the proliferation and activation of CD4+ T helper cells by binding to the cellular receptor known as FK506-binding protein (FKBP). The tacrolimus-FKBP complex further binds to calcineurin, preventing the dephosphorylation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells and blocking the cascade of cytokine gene transcription. Pimecrolimus, like tacrolimus, belongs to the ascomycin class of macrolactam immunosuppressives, acting by the inhibition of T-cell activation by the calcineurin pathway and inhibition of the release of numerous inflammatory cytokines, thereby preventing the cascade of immune and inflammatory signals. Pimecrolimus has a similar mode of action to that of tacrolimus but is more selective, with no effect on dendritic (Langerhans) cells. The low permeation of pimecrolimus, featuring a low degree of percutaneous absorption may be explained by its higher lipophilicity (than tacrolimus and corticosteroid) and higher molecular weight (than steroids). Tacrolimus is used to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, pimecrolimus-mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. By a meta-analysis, tacrolimus has higher efficacy and better tolerance than pimecrolimus in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. It suppresses inflammation in a similar way to steroids, and is equally as effective as a mid-potency steroid. An important advantage of tacrolimus is that, unlike steroids, it does not cause skin thinning, or other steroid related side-effects. Oral cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor that acts selectively on T cells. In other words, it prevents the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells and the transcription of IL-2 required for full activation of the T cell pathwary. It has been used in dermatology since 1997 for FDA indication of psoriasis and for various other inflammatory skin diseases. In Korea, it has been used for psoriasis, AD, blister diseases, PG, alopecia totalis, and chronic urticaria. Concern over its side effect profile has limited its use in dermatology. But, for the most part, dose dependent and related to duration of therapy. Using the recommended monitoring protocols and full drug history for drug interaction results in a significant decrease in the incidence of toxicities.Mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) is the reformulated product of mycophenolic acid, its active metabolite. The proliferation of both T- and B-lymphocytes are susceptible to the drug effect, so decreased delayed hypersensitivity and immunoglobulin levels have been observed in treated patients. There are no approved indications for MMF in dermatology. However, it has been used for various cutaneous diseases. Dosing regimen is 25-35mg/kg, 35-55mg/kg in cytotoxic T-cell mediated disease and antibody-mediated diseases, respectively.

Jessner`s Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ),서현덕 ( Hyun Deok Seo ),나찬호 ( Chan Ho Na ),최규철 ( Kyu Churl Choi ),정병수 ( Byoung Soo Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2008 대한피부과학회지 Vol.46 No.7

Jessner`s lymphocytic infiltration of the skin (JLIS) is a well-known but poorly understood disorder. Some doubt still exists about whether it is a distinct disease or a variant of lupus erythematosus or, less commonly, polymorphous light eruption, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. An effective therapy is still unavailable for JLIS. We report a patient with JLIS which was successfully treated with dapsone and intermittent systemic glucocorticoid therapy. (Korean J Dermatol 2008;46(7):977~980)

Symposium 2-4 (SYP 2-4) : Skin barrier and microbiome in psoriasis

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.1

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease. It is known to be a complex condition with multifactorial mode of inheritance, however the associations between particular pathogenic pathways remain unclear. Whether psoriasis represents a fundamental disease of the skin or the immune system has been argued for decades. Although the prevailing view had long been that the hyperproliferation and altered differentiation of epidermal keratinocyte-the hallmarks of psoriasis-occur as a result of a genetic defect in the keratinocyte themselves, the pendulum has swung over the past decade to blame the immune system (T lymphocytes). But again, both clinical experience and recent molecular studies support an emerging concept that psoriasis could be driven by a primary defect in epidermal permeability barrier function. Among psoriasis susceptibility genes, epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) genes located within PSORS4 locus on chromosome 1q21, which encodes numerous proteins required for epidermal differentiation and the formation of the cornified envelope, a structure that is critical for the permeability barrier. Also recently, it has been focused on the family of genes (a part of the EDC genes) encoding late cornified envelope proteins (LCE proteins). There is evident that LCE3B/3C deletion is associated with psoriasis, but not AD. Contrastively, despite a markedly altered filaggrin expression in psoriatic skin, mutation in FLG gene are not associated with psoriasis. Therefore, the genetic background underlying the epidermal barrier defect in psoriasis in distinct from that found in atopic dermatitis. The interplay between epidermis and immune response is also evident sometimes when simply covering up a psoriatic lesion with emollient. Occlusion provides a normal barrier. When barrier function is restored, it may reduce some of the proinflammatory signals and external triggers, such as pollution or cutaneous flora. Therefore, considering psoriasis as a barrier function disorder may open a new perspective in the management of this disorder. Various microorganisms are associated with the provocation and/or exacerbation of psoriasis. These include bacteria (streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus ), fungi (Malassezia, Candida albicans), and viruses (papillomaviruses, retroviruses, endogenous retroviruses). Defective defense of the epidermis or an abnormal response of it to bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

최근 6년간 피부과에 의뢰된 매독환자의 임상적 고찰(2002~2007) -임상 양상 및 증상기 변화-

신봉석 ( Bong Seok Shin ),송지영 ( Ji Young Song ),정병수 ( Byoung Soo Chung ),최규철 ( Kyu Churl Choi ) 대한피부과학회 2008 대한피부과학회지 Vol.46 No.9

Background: There are many differences in the prevalence of syphilis according to the objects and districts. Recently, the incidence of syphilis increased in the world because of various factors. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of the epidemiological, clinical characteristics, and stages of syphilis. Methods: We selected 357 patients with reactive results on VDRL among 79,991 cases who visited in our hospital, between January 2002 and December 2007. We assessed the age, gender, skin lesion, serologic result, clinical stage, treatment history, and underlying disease. Results: During the 7-year period under study, the reactive rate of serum VDRL test was 4.5% in 79,991 people (preoperation or admission examinees: 35.0%. physical examinees: 30.8%, skin lesion: 21.3%, partner`s (+): 9.0%, pregnant women: 3.7%). The annual incidence of syphilis had increased from 3.5% in 2002 to 6.3% in 2007. On a total 357 sera with reactive results on VDRL, the symptomatic syphilis rate was 21.3%, increased from 13.6% in 2002 to 26.8% in 2007 (p=0.001). Statistically, there are differences in age distribution between both sexes. The male:female ratio was 1:3.3 in 0~19 years and 1.9:1 in 60~69 years (p=0.029). The incidence of symptomatic syphilis cases was 8 (66.7%) in 0~19 years, 22 (39.3%) in 20~29 years, while latent syphilis was 53 (74.6%) in 50~59 years and 35 (60.3%) in 60~69 years (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that the incidence of symptomatic syphilis may be increasing. Further observation, analysis, and continued vigilance in the general population are required. (Korean J Dermatol 2008;46(9):1179~1185)

융합성 망상 유두종증에 대한 다양한 항생제의 치료효과

김영조(Young Jo Kim),신봉석(Bong Seok Shin),김성한(Sung Han Kim),최규철(Kyu Chul Choi) 대한피부과학회 2002 대한피부과학회지 Vol.40 No.5

N/A Background : Concluent and reticulated papillomalosis(CRP), the loast common of the cutaneous papillomatoses, is manitested by persistent papules that are confluent in center and redeulated at the periphery. Recently, many cases of CRP treated with minocycline have been reported. Methods : Thirteen patients with CRP were included in this study. They were treated with various antibioties, such as crythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. The patients have taken antibioties twice a day for 4 weeks. They were followed-up at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after treatment. We assessed about therapeutie effects, side effect, and recurrence, by phone 1 year after treatment Results : Of the total 13 patients, 9 patients had improved by more than 95% in response to various antibiotics therapy for 4 months. One patient had a mild adverse reaction and two patients symptoms recurred after 1 year follow-up. Conclusion : We recommended various antibioties therapy as the first choice of treatment for CRP because those were safe, economic, and effective.

백반증 환자에서 관찰된 안구 질환

김영조(Young Jo Kim),신봉석(Bong Seok Shin),정병수(Byoung Soo Chung),나경수(Kyoung Soo Na) 대한피부과학회 2002 대한피부과학회지 Vol.40 No.6

N/A Background : Vitiligo is concerns disorder caused by a loss of epidermal pigment cells. The pigment cells in the skin and uveal tract are similar in their physiology and morphology and share a common embryologic origin. Object : The purpose of our study was to determine the nature of the relationship between vitiligo and ocular disease. Methods : Fifty-two patients with vitiligo were examined for ocular abnormalities. Results : There were 17ocular abnormalities our study; 5 fundal focal hypopigmented spots (9.6%), 6 iris pigment clumps(11.5%), and 6 lens opacity(11.5%). Conclusion : We believe that vitiligo may affect pigment cells in the eye. Therefore, all patients with vitiligo should have ocular examination.