기류패턴에 따른 광주지역 PM₁₀ 농도 특성 및 영향 배출원 추정 연구

송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),이경석 ( Kyoung-seok Lee ),안상수 ( Sang-su An ),이세행 ( Sae-haeng Lee ),양윤철 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),김선정 ( Sun-jung Kim ),전홍대 ( Hong-daen Juen ),서광엽 ( Gwang-yeob S 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.4

The average concentrations of PM₁₀ in Gwangju decreased from 50 μg/㎥ in 2008 to 45 μg/㎥ in 2010, 41 μg/ ㎥ in 2012 and 2014, and 40 μg/㎥ in 2016. PM₁₀ concentrations at Oseon-dong and Geonkun-dong were higher than those at other measurement sites. The backward trajectories for the sampling periods (2008-2016) were classified into three groups: (1) air masses related to long-range transport from China to Gwangju via the Yellow Sea (off the west coast of Korea) (clusters 1 and 2), (2) air masses related to local emissions From the Korean peninsula (clusters 3 and 4), and (3) air masses from the south (Cluster 5), The average concentrations of PM₁₀ were 41.0, 48.1, 37.6, 43.3, and 33.3 for cluster 1,2,3,4, and 5, respectively. Cluster 2 had the highest PM₁₀ concentration while cluster 5 had the lowest. Air masses fiom Cluster 1 and 2 were 29% and 13%, more frequent, respectively, during the entire period; the higher PM₁₀ concentrations in these cases were influenced mainly by Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Shanghai in China. This means that long-range transport aerosols contribute significantly to the PM₁₀ concentration in Gwangju. Cluster 4, which was affected by many sources on the west coast area of Korea, also showed a high PM₁₀ concentration; the slow floe of the air mass contributed to this. Therefore, the high concentration of PM₁₀ in Gwangju area is influenced comprehensively by long-range transport, local emissions and the condition of the flow of the air mass.

광주광역시 대기오염측정소 주변 교통량이 대기질에 미치는 영향

이대행,안상수,송형명,박옥현,박강수,서광엽,조영관,김은선,Lee, Dae-Haeng,An, Sang-Su,Song, Hyeong-Myeong,Park, Ok-Hyun,Park, Kang-Soo,Seo, Gwang-Yeob,Cho, Young-Gwan,Kim, Eun-Sun 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Objectives: Vehicular emissions are one of the main sources of air pollution in urban areas. Correlation analysis was conducted between air pollutants and traffic volume in order to identify causes of air pollution in Gwangju. Methods: Using traffic volumes and air quality monitoring data from 2002 to 2012 from nine stations (seven urban areas, two roadside areas), especially at three sites where traffic volumes were high, the correlation coefficients were obtained between air pollutants as PM-10 (particulate matter), $NO_2$, $SO_2$, CO and $O_3$ at the stations and traffic volumes near the air monitoring stations. Results: Due to traffic volume and distance between the station and the traffic road, concentrations of pollutants at roadside areas were higher than at urban areas, with the exception of $O_3$. The concentration of $O_3$ showed statistically significance with those of other gas materials as $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and CO in winter (p<0.001) and spring (p<0.05). During the period of October 7 to 20, 2012, excluding periods of yellow dust, smog and rainy season, the ratio of $NO/(NO+NO_2)$ showed the highest value 0.57 and 0.40 at Unam and Chipyeong of two roadside stations, followed by 0.35 at Nongseong with vehicular effects. The correlation coefficient between traffic volume and $O_3$, CO, $NO_2$ became higher when the data on mist and haze days were excluded, than when all hourly data were used in that period, at the three sites of Unam, Chipyeong, and Nongseong. Conclusions: Air quality showed a considerable effect from vehicles at roadside areas compared to in urban areas. Air pollutant diminishment strategies need to be aggressively adopted in order to protect atmospheric environment.

광주지역 산업단지 도장·인쇄시설의 휘발성유기화합물 배출 특성 평가

김승호,서동주,김하람,박진환,이기원,배석진,송형명,Kim, Seung-Ho,Seo, Dong-Ju,Kim, Ha-Ram,Park, Jin-Hwan,Lee, Ki-Won,Bae, Seok-Jin,Song, Hyeong-Myeong 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

This study analyses the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions from the painting and printing facilities, as well as ambient VOCs at industrial complexes in Gwangju. The major components of VOCs emissions from painting facilities were toluene, acetone, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, o-xylene and m,p-xylene. The printing facilities mostly emitted ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, acetone and toluene. Aromatics (49.9%) and oxygenated VOCs (43.6%) were dominant in painting facilities, while oxygenated VOCs (92.7%) were the largest group in printing facilities. The total hydrocarbon concentration (THC) in printing facilities was approximately six times higher than in the painting facilities. The painting and printing facilities use many solvents. Their THC concentrations differed considerably depending on the type of prevention facilities. To reduce THC, it is necessary to improve the prevention facilities and operating conditions. The dominant species of ambient VOCs in industrial complexes were investigated with toluene, ethyl acetate, 2-butanone, ethyl benzene, m,p-xylene, butyl acetate, o-xylene, hexane and acetone. Factor analysis of ambient VOCs showed that the main sources of the VOCs were organic solvents used in painting, coating, and printing, as well as automobile emissions.

수용모델(PMF)을 이용한 광주산업단지 VOCs의 오염원별 기여도 추정

박진환,박병훈,김승호,양윤철,이기원,배석진,송형명,Park, Jin-Hwan,Park, Byoung-Hoon,Kim, Seung-Ho,Yang, Yoon-Cheol,Lee, Ki-Won,Bae, Seok-Jin,Song, Hyeong-Myeong 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Industrial emissions, mainly from industrial complexes, are important sources of ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Identification of the significant VOC sources from industrial complexes has practical significance for emission reduction. VOC samples were collected from July 2019 to June 2020. A Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor model was used to evaluate the VOC sources in the area. Four sources were identified by PMF analysis, including coating-1, coating-2, printing, and vehicle exhaust. The coating-1 source was revealed to have the highest contribution (41.5%), followed by coating-2 (23.9%), printing (23.1%), and vehicle exhaust (11.6%). The source showing the highest contribution was coating emissions, originating from the northwest to southwest of the sample site. It also relates to facilities that produce auto parts. The major components of VOC emissions from the coating facilities were toluene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and butyl acetate. Industrial emissions should be the top priority to meet the relevant control criteria, followed by vehicular emissions. This study provides a strategy for VOC source apportionment from an industrial complex, which is helpful in the development of targeted control strategies.

무등산 숲과 도심에서 휘발성유기화합물질의 분포 특성

이대행(Dae-haeng Lee),박강수(Kang-soo Park),이세행(Se-hang Lee),송형명(Hyeong-myeong Song),이기원(Ki-won Lee),정희윤(Hee-yoon Jeong),서광엽(Gwang-yeob Seo),조영관(Young-gwan Cho),김은선(Eun-sun Kim) 한국분석과학회 2015 분석과학 Vol.28 No.3

통계분석을 이용한 광주지역 휘발성유기화합물의 특성 연구

이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),박강수 ( Kang-soo Park ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),양윤철 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이기원 ( Ki-won Lee ),조영관 ( Young-gwan Cho ),서광엽 ( Gwang-yeob Seo ) 한국환경분석학회 2016 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the concentration distribution of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) and the contribution of nitric oxides and VOCs to ozone creation in Gwangju. Fifty-two types of VOCs were continually measured by the hour at sampling sites in Seoseok-dong and Geonguk-dong from May to September 2015. Paraffins took up 52.1% of the entire VOCs, followed by aromatics and olefins. The monthly concentration of VOCs was highest in June and lowest in August. As for the hourly concentrations of ozone and nitric oxides, ozone concentrations started to increase from 7 am and got to the highest point during the daytime, whereas nitric oxides showed the opposite trend from ozone by reaching the lowest level during the daytime. The photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of toluene, isopentane, m,p-xylene, isobutane and 1-butene were 16.0%, 14.2%, 12.7%, 8.3% and 7.5% respectively. These five components together accounted for 58.7% of the total POCPs, which means they are the main contributor to ozone creation. The correlation analysis showed that PM-10 and PM-2.5 (r=0.810, p<0.01), O3 and radiation (r=0.448, p<0.01), and O3 and humidity (r=-0.563, p<0.01) were significant. The results of factor analysis showed that the VOCs were mainly affected by the emission of vehicles and the evaporation of diesel fuel.

광주지역 주요하천에서 TOC 특성과 수질오염지표와의 상관성에 관한 연구

양윤철 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),이경석 ( Kyung-seog Lee ),안상수 ( Sang-su An ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),윤상훈 ( Sang-hoon Yoon ),김선정 ( Sun Jung Kim ),전홍대 ( Hong-dae Jeon 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.2

This study was performed to verify the replacement of COD with TOC, which is more accurate and reliable in analysis, as the water quality pollution index, and to investigate the characteristics of water quality and the correlations among organic matter, suspended solids and nutrient materials from 2012 to 2015. The oxidation rates were compared by calculating the values of BOD-C/TOC and COD-C/TOC. The average value of TOC was 3.4 mg/L (range, 1.1 - 8.0 mg/L) at 14 sites during the period. The ratios of BOD-C/TOC and COD-C/TOC, that indicate the resolvability amounts among all carbon materials, were 28.8% and 62.7%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD at all sites was 0.718 (p<0.01), the highest value on comparing all items. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD in the Gwangju stream was 0.753 (p<0.01), which was the highest compared to the values in other rivers. The correlation coefficient of TOC to COD was 0.757 (p<0.01) at all sites in the range of TP-III (0.1≤TP), and the correlation coefficient value was 0.762 (p<0.01) in the range of TN-II (2.0≤TP<3.0). As a result, TOC can be used as a water pollution index of organic matter instead of COD.

도심하천 유지용수의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집에 대한 영향 연구

윤상훈 ( Sang-hoon Yoon ),양윤철 ( Sun-jung Kim ),김선정 ( Yoon-cheol Yang ),이세행 ( Se-haeng Lee ),송형명 ( Hyeong-myeong Song ),안상수 ( Sang-su An ),이경석 ( Kyoung-seok Lee ),이대행 ( Dae-haeng Lee ),서광엽 ( Gwang-yeob Se 한국환경생태학회 2016 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2016 No.2

광주천은 과거 급격히 도심화가 진행되고 각종 오·폐수가여과 없이 유입되면서 붉은색 실지렁이가 사는 오염된 도심하천의 전형적인 모습을 나타냈었다. 그러던 중 2004년부터 광주천 자연생태 하천정비사업을 시작으로 수질정화 및 광주천변 도심공원 사업을 통해서 점차 수질이 양호해지고, 어류나 조류 등 물을 기대어 살아가는 생물들도 늘어나게 되었다. 그러나 광주의 도심을 지나는 광주천 역시 도시의 팽창에 따른 불투수층의 증가로 강우시 많은 양의 빗물이 곧바로 하수관거를 통해 하천으로 유출되어 토양을 통해 지하로 스며드는 물이 줄어들게 되고 이에 따라 하천 수위가 낮아지는 문제점이 생겼다. 광주시에서는 이러한 광주천의 수량을 확보하기 위해 하수처리장에서 처리되어 방류되는 물을 재처리하여 광주천상류로 보내 방류하고, 섬진강 수계인 주암호 호소수와 영산강의 하천수도 끌어와 광주천에 방류하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 하수처리장 처리수와 주암호 호소수가 광주천에 방류되는 지점에서 이화학적 수질과 더불어 저서성 대형무척추동물의 분포 및 군집구조를 분석함으로써 광주천 유지용수에 대한 생물학적 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 조사는 2015년 10월부터 2016년 5월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐현장조사 및 저서성 대형무척추동물 분포조사를 수행하였다. 1차 조사는 2015년 10월 15일, 2차 조사는 2016년 1월 12일, 3차 조사는 2016년 4월 25일, 4차 조사는 2016년 5월 27일 실시하였다. 조사지점은 총 9개 지점으로 지점 A1~A3 등 3지점은 증심사천으로 상류에서 하수처리장 처리수가 방류되고, B1~C 등 6개 지점은 광주천으로 하수처리장 처리수와 주암호호소수의 영향을 받았다. 조사결과 총 5문 7강 13목 28과 440종 6,823개체/㎡이 확인되었다. 곤충류가 33종 2,762개체/㎡, 비곤충류가 11종 4,061 개체/㎡로 나타났다. 하루살이목(Ephemeroptera)이 15종 1,286개체/㎡, 날도래목(Tricoptera)이 7종 913개체/㎡, 파리목(Dipteria) 6종 420개체/㎡, 잠자리목(Odonata) 4종 5개체/㎡, 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 1종 137개체/㎡이었다. 평균 개체수는 지점 1에서 586개체, 지점 2에서 348개체, 지점 3은 187개체, 지점 4는 184개체, 지점 5에서는 58개체였다. 분류된종과 개체수에 대한 군집분석 결과, 우점종은 부채하루살이(Epeorus pellusidus Brodsky), 개똥하루살이(Baetis fuscatus Linnaeus), 물벌레(Asellus hilgendorfii), 줄날도래(Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi Martynov)로 나타났다. 우점도지수(DI)는 평균 0.47~0.97 범위로 증심사천에서 높은 경향을 보였으며 다양도지수(H``)는 0.41~3.24 범위로 주암호 호소수 방류구 지점에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였다. 저서동물지수(Benthic macroinvertebrate index; BMI)를 이용한 수환경 평가시 증심사천 A2지점이 환경상태 ‘매우 나쁨’으로 조사되었고 나머지 지역은 ‘좋음’에서 ‘매우 좋음’ 상태를 나타내었다. 수서곤충류의 먹이 섭식형태에 따라 섭식기능군(Functional Feeding Group; FFG)을 분류하였는데 모든 지점에서 주워먹는 무리 (Gethering-collectors; GC)가 평균 49.9%로 가장 많았고 걸러먹는 무리(Filtering-collectors;FG)가 29.0%을 나타내었다. 이화학적 수질과 생물학적 군집지수와의 상관관계 분석시BOD, COD, TP, DTP, TN 등이 우점도지수(DI)와는 양의상관성, 다양도지수(H’), 풍부도지수(RI)와 균등도지수(J’)와는 음의 상관성 등 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 본 조사는 광주천에 대한 인위적인 하천유지용수의 영향을 물속의 저서동물조사를 바탕으로 생태학적 관점에서 찾는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 상수원수로 이용되는 주암호 호소수가 방류되는 지점은 생물학적으로 환경상태가 매우 좋은 것으로 나타난 반면, 하수처리장 처리수의 영향을 직접적으로 받는 곳은 그렇지 못하였다.